CN220508713U - Device for measuring true density of bulk material on line - Google Patents
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- CN220508713U CN220508713U CN202420099371.9U CN202420099371U CN220508713U CN 220508713 U CN220508713 U CN 220508713U CN 202420099371 U CN202420099371 U CN 202420099371U CN 220508713 U CN220508713 U CN 220508713U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a device for measuring the true density of bulk materials on line, which comprises: a ranging sensor, a ray source, a detector and a computer; the distance measuring sensor is arranged above the measured scattered material and is used for measuring the thickness of the measured scattered material; the ray source is used for generating a collimated main ray beam and transmitting the measured scattered materials; the detector is arranged on the opposite sides of the measured scattered material and the ray source and is used for measuring the ray intensity attenuated by the scattered material and Compton ray intensity generated on each thickness of the measured scattered material; the computer is connected with the distance measuring sensor and the detector and is used for determining the true density of the measured bulk material. The technical scheme provided by the utility model can accurately measure the true density of the bulk material, and provides scientific guidance for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of bulk material true density measurement, in particular to a device for measuring bulk material true density on line.
Background
The true density of many materials is known in the processing or application process, for example, coal washing processing generally utilizes different qualities of coal with different true densities to separate coal from gangue, and measuring the true density of the materials (including coal) is of great importance in guiding the washing processing.
The density of the liquid or the solid-liquid mixture is easier to measure, and bubbles in the liquid can be removed as much as possible in the measuring process. Because the gaps are arranged among the bulk solid materials, the shapes of the materials are irregular, the granularity is changed, the gaps are also changed randomly, the on-line measurement of the density (called as true density herein) of the bulk solid materials after the gaps are removed is difficult, and no instrument for on-line measurement of the true density of the bulk materials is currently known.
The bulk density of the material is relatively easier to measure, for example, an electronic belt scale may be used to measure the total mass of the passing material flow, and a laser scan may be used to measure the profile of the material flow, thereby calculating the total volume of the passing material flow, and dividing the total mass by the total volume to obtain the bulk density. The bulk density differs from the true density in that the bulk density is calculated by calculating the volume of voids in the material in the total volume, whereas the true density is calculated by subtracting the volume of voids. Because the granularity and the shape of the material are randomly changed, and the volume of a gap of the material is difficult to measure by a material flow running at a high speed, the real density of the material is very difficult to measure on line, and therefore, the device for measuring the real density of the bulk material on line is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a device for measuring the true density of bulk materials on line, which at least solves the technical problem that a device for measuring the true density of bulk materials is not used in the related technology.
An embodiment of a first aspect of the present utility model provides an apparatus for online measuring bulk material true density, including:
a ranging sensor, a ray source, a detector and a computer;
the distance measuring sensor is arranged above the measured scattered material and is used for measuring the thickness of the measured scattered material;
the ray source is used for generating a collimated main ray beam and transmitting the measured scattered materials;
the detector is arranged on the opposite sides of the measured scattered material and the ray source and is used for measuring the ray intensity attenuated by the scattered material and Compton ray intensity generated on each thickness of the measured scattered material;
the computer is connected with the distance measuring sensor and the detector and is used for determining the true density of the measured bulk material.
Preferably, the detector includes: a main detector and a Compton detector array;
the main detector is arranged on the opposite sides of the measured scattered material and the ray source and is positioned in the irradiation range of the main ray beam and used for measuring the ray intensity after being attenuated by the scattered material;
the Compton detector array is arranged on the same side of the main detector and is positioned outside the irradiation range of the main ray beam and is used for measuring Compton ray intensity generated on each thickness of the measured scattered material.
Further, the Compton detector array includes: a plurality of auxiliary detectors, each comprising a collimator;
the collimation directions of the collimators are parallel and form a fixed included angle with the main ray beam, wherein the fixed included angle is alpha;
the auxiliary detector is used for measuring Compton scattered rays generated by the action of the main ray beam and the measured material.
Further, the radiation source includes: a collimator;
the collimator is used for collimating the main ray beam.
Further, the size of the auxiliary detector is smaller than the granularity of a solid block with the occurrence probability A in the measured bulk material.
Further, the number of auxiliary detectors in the Compton detector array multiplied by the size of a single auxiliary detector is greater than the product of the material thickness B and the tangent of the fixed angle.
Preferably, the radiation source is an X-ray source or a gamma-ray source.
Further, the X-ray source is an X-ray machine;
the tube voltage of the X-ray machine is more than 50kV and less than 600kV.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the utility model at least has the following beneficial effects:
the utility model provides a device for measuring the true density of bulk materials on line, which comprises: a ranging sensor, a ray source, a detector and a computer; the distance measuring sensor is arranged above the measured scattered material and is used for measuring the thickness of the measured scattered material; the ray source is used for generating a collimated main ray beam and transmitting the measured scattered materials; the detector is arranged on the opposite sides of the measured scattered material and the ray source and is used for measuring the ray intensity attenuated by the scattered material and Compton ray intensity generated on each thickness of the measured scattered material; the computer is connected with the distance measuring sensor and the detector and is used for determining the true density of the measured bulk material. The technical scheme provided by the utility model can accurately measure the true density of the bulk material, and provides scientific guidance for industrial production.
Additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for on-line measuring bulk material true density according to one embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of the installation position of an apparatus for measuring the true density of bulk materials on line according to one embodiment of the present utility model;
reference numerals:
a ranging sensor 1, a ray source 2, a detector 3, a computer 4, a main detector 3-1, a Compton detector array 3-2, an auxiliary detector 3-2-1 and a collimator 5.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as limiting the utility model.
The utility model provides a device for measuring the true density of bulk materials on line, which comprises: a ranging sensor, a ray source, a detector and a computer; the distance measuring sensor is arranged above the measured scattered material and is used for measuring the thickness of the measured scattered material; the ray source is used for generating a collimated main ray beam and transmitting the measured scattered materials; the detector is arranged on the opposite sides of the measured scattered material and the ray source and is used for measuring the ray intensity attenuated by the scattered material and Compton ray intensity generated on each thickness of the measured scattered material; the computer is connected with the distance measuring sensor and the detector and is used for determining the true density of the measured bulk material. The technical scheme provided by the utility model can accurately measure the true density of the bulk material, and provides scientific guidance for industrial production.
An apparatus for measuring true density of bulk materials on line according to an embodiment of the present utility model is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for online measuring bulk material true density according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes: a ranging sensor 1, a ray source 2, a detector 3 and a computer 4;
the distance measuring sensor 1 is arranged above the measured scattered material and is used for measuring the thickness of the measured scattered material.
The ray source 2 is used for generating a collimated main ray beam and transmitting the measured scattered materials;
the radiation source 2 includes: a collimator 5; the collimator 5 is used for collimating the main ray beam;
the X-ray source is an X-ray source or a gamma-ray source, wherein the X-ray source is an X-ray machine; the tube voltage of the X-ray machine is more than 50kV and less than 600kV.
The detector 3 is mounted on the opposite side of the measured bulk material and the radiation source for measuring the intensity of the radiation attenuated by the bulk material and the Compton radiation intensity generated at each thickness of the measured bulk material.
The computer 4 is connected with the distance measuring sensor 1 and the detector 3 and is used for determining the true density of the measured bulk material.
It should be noted that the device shown in fig. 1 for measuring the true density of the bulk material online includes a ranging sensor 1, a radiation source 2, a detector 3 and a computer 4, and is not limited to the structure of the present application.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, the detector 3 includes: a main detector 3-1 and a Compton detector array 3-2;
the main detector 3-1 is arranged at the opposite side of the measured bulk material and the ray source and is positioned in the irradiation range of the main ray beam and used for measuring the ray intensity attenuated by the bulk material;
the Compton detector array 3-2 is mounted on the same side of the main detector 3-1 and outside the irradiation range of the main beam for measuring Compton ray intensities generated at respective thicknesses of the measured bulk material.
The compton detector array 3-2 includes: a plurality of auxiliary detectors 3-2-1, each comprising a collimator 5;
the collimation directions of the collimators 5 are parallel and form a fixed included angle with the main ray beam, wherein the fixed included angle is alpha;
the auxiliary detector 3-2-1 is used for measuring Compton scattered rays generated by the action of the main ray beam and the measured material.
Further, the size of the auxiliary detector 3-2-1 is smaller than the granularity of the solid block with the occurrence probability A in the measured bulk material.
Wherein A is the probability value with the largest occurrence probability in the measured scattered materials.
Meanwhile, the number of the auxiliary detectors 3-2-1 in the Compton detector array 3-2 is multiplied by the size of the single auxiliary detector 3-2-1 to be larger than the product of the material thickness B and the tangent of the fixed included angle, wherein the material thickness B is the maximum material thickness in the measured scattered materials.
The process of measuring the true density of bulk materials by using the device provided by the embodiment is as follows:
(1) The radiation source 2 generates a collimated primary radiation beam, transmits the measured bulk material with the collimated X/gamma radiation beam, and measures the intensity of the transmitted radiation with the primary detector 3-1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, an X/gamma ray source 2 and an X/gamma ray main detector 3-1 are respectively installed at two sides of a material flow, an X/gamma ray beam (herein referred to as a "main ray beam") emitted by the X/gamma ray source 2 is collimated and transmitted through the material, the X/gamma ray attenuated by the material is measured by the X/gamma ray detector (herein referred to as the "main detector 3-1") installed within the coverage area of the main ray beam, and the intensity of the attenuated ray is set asI0。
If the intensity of the rays which are not attenuated by the material is set to beI0 0 The intensity of the attenuated ray isI0There is an exponential decay law of the raysWhere μ is the mass attenuation coefficient, and can be regarded as a constant under specific conditions.ρMay be the true density of the materialdThe thickness of the material after the void is removed (referred to herein as the "solid thickness"). Corresponding to the true density is the "bulk density", which refers to the density of the material obtained by calculating the voids in the middle of the material also in the total volume of the material. The thickness of the material measured from the exterior without excluding voids is referred to herein as the "bulk thickness".ρdThe name of the specialty of this product is mass thickness, which is the mass of the substance per unit area. The mass thickness of the material can be measured by using the above ray exponential decay formula, and the intensity of the emergent ray before or after decay can be calculated according to the mass thickness and the mass decay coefficient.
(2) Meanwhile, the stacking thickness of the materials is measured by the ranging sensor 1, and the number of layers for layering the materials is determined according to the stacking thickness.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the distance from the ranging sensor 1 to the empty belt is measured first, then the distance from the material to the sensor 1 is measured in real time, and the thickness of the material is obtained by subtracting the distance from the empty belt distance, because the distance from the ranging sensor 1 to the surface of the material is measured, the gap of the material cannot be subtracted, and therefore the thickness is the stacking thickness. The number of layers of material is determined according to the size of the stacking thickness, the thickness of each layer is determined in advance according to the size of the Compton detector, the number of layers is dynamically changed in the measuring process without changing.
(3) The Compton detector array 3-2 is used to measure the X/gamma ray and Compton scattered ray intensity of the material.
Specifically, X/gamma rays and substances may have three effects: photoelectric effect, compton effect, electron pair effect. The Compton effect is that X/gamma ray and electron outside the nuclear of the atom are inelastically scattered, after losing a certain energy, X/gamma ray with energy and direction changed is emitted, and under the condition that the energy of the incident ray is determined, the energy of the Compton scattered ray emitted in a certain determined direction is determined. The Compton effect has a cross-section of action proportional to the electron density in the material, so that the X/gamma rays produced by the Compton effect for a single energy incident ray are approximately proportional to the density of the material of action. The material is divided into n layers of equal thickness and the collimated beam will react with each layer of material and produce Compton scattered radiation, which is distributed in the 4 pi direction, and as shown in FIG. 2, a row of array detectors (herein called Compton detector array 3-2) with a certain fixed direction collimation is arranged such that only scattered radiation with a scatter angle alpha can enter Compton detector array 3-2 and each auxiliary detector 3-2-1 corresponds to a layer of material.
(4) And determining the material density of each layer by using a computer 4 according to the intensity of the transmitted rays, the Compton scattered ray intensity and the thickness of the measured scattered material, namely analyzing and calculating the density of each layer of the material in the thickness direction, setting a true density minimum value, averaging all densities larger than the value to obtain a true density related quantity, and correcting the quantity to finally obtain the true density.
Specifically, the intensity of the main ray beam of the m (m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) th layer is set asImTotal number of Compton effect of mth layer materialImc = Im * σ c * ρ m * d m * N A / AWhereinσ c In order to be a compton effect cross section,ρ m for the density of the m-th layer,d m for the thickness of the m-th layer,N A for the avogalileo constant,Ain order to obtain the average atomic weight of the particles,σ c /Ais constant. It can be seen thatImcIn direct proportion to the density of the mth layer, the mth layer material undergoes Compton scattered ray intensity in the direction of the scattering angle alphaImc α And (3) withImcIs proportional to and thereforeImc α Proportional to the m-th layer density.Imc α The attenuation of m-1 layer is also needed to reach the m Compton detector (auxiliary detector 3-2-1), the intensity measured by the m Compton detector isImcd α 。
The specific measuring and calculating process comprises the following steps:
(a) The intensity of the collimated ray detected by the primary detector is I0, and the intensity of the primary ray beam of the first layer is
（1）
(b) The density of the first layer is calculated. The 1 st Compton detector detects an intensity ofI1cd α Since the layer 1 Compton rays through the layer 1 Compton detector are not attenuated by the material layer, the layer 1 Compton rays are not attenuated by the material layerI1c α = I1cd α WhereinI1c α For a layer 1 compton ray intensity,I1c α in direct proportion to the layer 1 density, i.e
I1cd α = I1c α = k * I1*ρ 1 （2）
Where k is a constant.
Substituting the formula (1) into the formula (2) to obtain
I1cd α = k * *ρ 1 （3）
Only one unknown in formula (3)ρ 1 Calculating the density of the first layer by the formula (3)ρ 1 。
(c) With layer 1 density and thickness (thickness is a fixed value) data, the intensity can be measured from layer 2 Compton detectorI2cd α Calculating Compton ray intensity generated in layer 2 without attenuation of layer 1 by utilizing exponential decay law of rayI2c α It is obtained by the following formula:
I2c α = I2cd α （4）
also using indexesAttenuation law according to intensity of primary ray in first layerI1 and the density and thickness of the first layer, and the intensity of the primary rays in the second layer is calculatedI2, which is obtained by the following formula:
（5）
(d) The density of the 2~n layer can be calculated by repeating the steps (a), b) and (c).
When the Compton detector size is small enough, the finer the material layers are, the density measured for each layer will be very close to the true density. Setting the lower limit of the true density, comparing the calculated n density values with the set lower limit of the true density respectively, and excluding the density values smaller than the lower limit of the true density, wherein the position smaller than the lower limit of the true density is the place with larger gaps, and averaging the density values larger than the lower limit of the true density to obtain the true density related quantity.
And since the real density related quantity is different from the actual real density, the real density related quantity is calibrated to the real density by using the real density related quantity as a one-time function or a plurality of functions of the independent variable.
For example, let the actual true density be ρ R The measured true density related quantity is ρ, then a linear function can be used: ρ R =a×ρ+b, or a quadratic function is used: ρ R = A * ρ 2 +B ρ+C, where A, B, C is a constant or higher order function is used to solve for true density.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the device can obtain a plurality of density values of the material in each measurement, and statistics is carried out on the density values when the measurement is continuously carried out, wherein the probability of occurrence of different density values, namely true density distribution of the material, is from the lowest density to the highest density. This true density profile can be applied in many industrial processes, such as coal washings, where the true density profile of the coal being washed is very valuable for the parameters settings of the coal washer.
In summary, the device for measuring the true density of the bulk material on line provided by the embodiment utilizes the X/gamma ray transmission material, and can accurately measure the true density of the material to guide the subsequent production due to the very small blocking capability of air to the rays.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present utility model. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and additional implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present utility model in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order from that shown or discussed, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present utility model.
While embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for on-line measurement of bulk material true density, the apparatus comprising: a ranging sensor, a ray source, a detector and a computer;
the distance measuring sensor is arranged above the measured scattered material and is used for measuring the thickness of the measured scattered material;
the ray source is used for generating a collimated main ray beam and transmitting the measured scattered materials;
the detector is arranged on the opposite sides of the measured scattered material and the ray source and is used for measuring the ray intensity attenuated by the scattered material and Compton ray intensity generated on each thickness of the measured scattered material;
the computer is connected with the distance measuring sensor and the detector and is used for determining the true density of the measured bulk material.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector comprises: a main detector and a Compton detector array;
the main detector is arranged on the opposite sides of the measured scattered material and the ray source and is positioned in the irradiation range of the main ray beam and used for measuring the ray intensity after being attenuated by the scattered material;
the Compton detector array is arranged on the same side of the main detector and is positioned outside the irradiation range of the main ray beam and is used for measuring Compton ray intensity generated on each thickness of the measured scattered material.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the compton detector array comprises: a plurality of auxiliary detectors, each comprising a collimator;
the collimation directions of the collimators are parallel and form a fixed included angle with the main ray beam, wherein the fixed included angle is alpha;
the auxiliary detector is used for measuring Compton scattered rays generated by the action of the main ray beam and the measured material.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the radiation source comprises: a collimator;
the collimator is used for collimating the main ray beam.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the secondary detector has a size less than the particle size of a solid block of the measured bulk material having a probability of occurrence a.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the number of auxiliary detectors in the compton detector array multiplied by the size of a single auxiliary detector is greater than the product of the material thickness B and the tangent of the fixed angle.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radiation source is an X-ray source or a gamma-ray source.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the X-ray source is an X-ray machine;
the tube voltage of the X-ray machine is more than 50kV and less than 600kV.
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