CN220478802U - Hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor in the technical field of reforming equipment, which comprises an evaporator, a reformer and a heat preservation structure, wherein the evaporator is communicated with the reformer, the heat preservation structure is wrapped on the outer surfaces of the evaporator and the reformer, the evaporator comprises an evaporation cavity, a heat exchange cavity and a mixing structure, the heat exchange cavity and the evaporation cavity are mutually independent cavities, the evaporation cavity is positioned in an inner layer of the heat exchange cavity, and the end parts of the evaporation cavity are not wrapped in the end parts of the heat exchange cavity. The heat exchange cavity is arranged on the outer layer of the evaporation cavity, high-temperature gas heat exchange is utilized to replace electric heating, power consumption is not needed, gas heat in the reaction is effectively utilized, energy consumption and cost are reduced, and the performance of a product is improved.

Description

Hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of reforming equipment, in particular to a hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor.

Background

The hydrocarbon fuel reforming reactor is one of important parts in the SOFC system and provides a place for reforming reaction of hydrocarbon fuel; SOFC systems have been widely used in recent years, and SOFC systems using liquid hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel oil, aviation kerosene, alcohols and the like as fuels have been gradually proposed, and the systems provide vaporization sites for water vapor and liquid fuel in a reformate stream through a hydrocarbon fuel vaporization reforming reactor, so that the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is converted into H as a main component under the action of a reforming catalyst ₂ 、CO、CO ₂ Thereby fueling the SOFC stack. The steam generating device of the reformer on the market at present mostly adopts a heating rod or a heat tracing belt to heat, needs an external power supply, consumes electricity and is not environment-friendly, and the surface of the steam generating device does not adopt heat preservation and insulation measures, so that a large amount of heat energy is dissipated.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the problem of high power consumption caused by the fact that the electric heating mode is adopted to provide heat when vapor and liquid fuel in a reformed airflow are vaporized in the prior art, and provides the hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor which can utilize high-temperature tail gas heat generated by an SOFC system to recycle and improve the heat energy utilization rate.

The aim of the utility model is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor, includes evaporimeter, reformer and insulation structure, evaporimeter and reformer intercommunication each other, the evaporimeter of this product can be directly tightly coupled together with the reformer, also can adopt the connector to get up evaporation chamber and reformer intercommunication, and the intercommunication mode is diversified to wrap up insulation structure at the surface of evaporimeter and reformer, with a large amount of heat dissipation, the evaporimeter includes the evaporation chamber that is used for taking place the vaporization reaction, gives evaporation chamber heat transfer chamber, and carries out the mixed structure after evaporating steam and liquid fuel, heat transfer chamber and evaporation chamber are mutually independent cavity, and evaporation chamber is located the inlayer of heat transfer chamber, and evaporation chamber's tip is all not wrapped up into in the tip of heat transfer chamber, can all-round even give evaporation chamber surface heat supply.

The existing reformer mostly utilizes the heating rod and the heat tracing belt to heat, an external power supply is needed or a part of electric energy generated by the SOFC system is provided for the heating rod and the heat tracing belt, so that the electric energy is consumed and uneconomical. In addition, some existing reformers are not subjected to heat preservation and heat insulation measures on the surface of the water vapor generating device, some reformers are not tightly insulated and have a large quantity of heat energy dissipation, the heating time is long, the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is more, and the product is provided with the tight heat preservation and heat insulation measures on the outer surface of the product, so that the heat loss is reduced, the performance of the reactor is improved, the energy consumption is further reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Preferably, the mixing structure of the product comprises a cyclone body capable of guiding gas in a spiral way and is positioned at one end of the evaporation cavity close to the reformer, and the mixing structure is used for carrying out gaseous mixing on the water vapor evaporated in the evaporation cavity and the liquid fuel vapor, and the mixed gas flows into the reformer to carry out reforming reaction.

Preferably, the mixed structure of this product includes the whirl body that can spiral guide gas, and a part sets up in the heat transfer chamber, radially inwards passes the evaporating chamber, and another part sets up in the evaporating chamber, when mixing the gas in the evaporating chamber, can also utilize mixed structure's heat conduction attribute, on the mixed structure in the evaporating chamber with the heat conduction of the high temperature gas that SOFC system self produced, heats the evaporating chamber, further improves evaporating chamber inside temperature, satisfies liquid evaporation condition.

Preferably, the evaporation cavity comprises a horizontal evaporation pipe and a vertical evaporation pipe, so that water and liquid fuel can be evaporated in different spaces, and after evaporation, the initial power is given by a pump, so that the two vapors are mixed again in the evaporation cavity through a mixer structure; the angle between the axis of the horizontal evaporation tube and the axis of the vertical evaporation tube is 45-90 degrees, so that the installation is convenient, and meanwhile, the injected water and the liquid fuel are mixed in the evaporation cavity at a certain original speed and an intersection angle, so that the mixing effect of the water vapor and the liquid fuel vapor is improved; simultaneously, high temperature gas makes evaporation intracavity temperature rise, makes water and liquid fuel evaporate and mix, heat transfer chamber and evaporation chamber structure are similar, make the evaporation chamber no matter what the shape, and the volume of heat transfer chamber parcel evaporation chamber surface is even to carry out even heating to the evaporation chamber, the tip and the tip parallel and level of heat transfer chamber of evaporation chamber, the one end that the evaporation chamber is close to the reformer outstanding heat transfer chamber tip.

Preferably, nozzle holders for installing nozzles are installed at the ends of the horizontal evaporation pipe and the vertical evaporation pipe, and water or liquid fuel is sprayed into the pipeline separately, so that the water and the liquid fuel are evaporated in different cavities, and then mixed and enter a reformer for reforming reaction.

Preferably, the chuck assembly has been cup jointed to the one end that the evaporating chamber is close to the mixed structure, is convenient for observe the internal state in evaporating chamber, and makes things convenient for later maintenance, chuck assembly horizontal axis is upwards to be located between mixed structure and the reformer.

Preferably, the end face of the evaporating cavity, which is close to one side of the reformer, is provided with a plurality of temperature sensor seats A for installing temperature sensors, and the temperature sensors are distributed in a circumferential array and used for comprehensively monitoring the temperatures of different areas in the evaporating cavity.

Preferably, the surface of the heat exchange cavity is provided with a high-temperature gas inlet pipe and a high-temperature gas outlet pipe, the high-temperature gas inlet pipe and the high-temperature gas outlet pipe are respectively positioned at two ends of the heat exchange cavity and used for enabling high-temperature gas generated in the system to enter and exit the heat exchange cavity, and the inner wall of the heat exchange cavity is spirally provided with a plurality of guide plates for guiding the high-temperature gas to flow to improve the heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the evaporation cavity.

Preferably, the heat insulation structure comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer is heat insulation cotton and used for heat insulation, heat energy loss is reduced, and the outer layer is a heat insulation cover for further protecting the inner temperature and the outer temperature and simultaneously playing a role in fixation.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The heat exchange cavity is arranged at the outer layer of the evaporation cavity, high-temperature tail gas generated in the SOFC system is utilized to provide heat for the evaporation cavity, the traditional heating rod, the heat tracing belt and other electric heating are replaced, the waste gas heat in the reaction is effectively utilized without power consumption, the energy consumption and the cost are reduced, and the performance of the product is improved;

(2) The heat-insulating structure with two layers is arranged outside the product, the inner layer is used for heat insulation, heat dissipation of the product is prevented, the outer layer is fixed, and the inner structure is protected while heat insulation is achieved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the utility model. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is an overall cross-sectional view of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an evaporator according to the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a direct coupling connection of a reformer and an evaporator according to the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reformer and evaporator of the present utility model connected by a connecting device;

fig. 5 is a block diagram of the hybrid structure of the present utility model disposed within an evaporation chamber and a heat exchange chamber.

The names corresponding to the reference numerals are:

1. an evaporator; 11. a heat exchange cavity; 111. a horizontal heat exchange tube; 112. erecting a heat exchange tube; 113. a high-temperature gas inlet pipe; 114 high-temperature gas outlet pipe; 115. a deflector; 116. a temperature sensor seat B; 117. a differential pressure sensor seat B; 12. an evaporation chamber; 121. a horizontal evaporation tube; 122. erecting an evaporation tube; 123. a nozzle holder; 124. a temperature sensor seat A; 125. a differential pressure sensor seat A; 13. a hybrid structure; 14. a chuck assembly; 2. a reformer; 3. a connector; 41. thermal insulation cotton; 42. and a heat shield.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present utility model and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present utility model only and are not to be construed as limiting the present utility model.

As shown in fig. 1-5, a hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor comprises an evaporator 1 for evaporating liquid fuel and water, a reformer 2 for generating reforming reaction, and a heat insulation structure, wherein the evaporator 1 is communicated with the reformer 2, the evaporator 1 and the reformer 2 can be directly and tightly coupled together, a communicating vessel 3 can also be adopted to communicate an evaporation cavity 12 with the reformer 2, the communicating manner is various, the communicating vessel 3 can be a high-temperature resistant exhaust pipe, the former is provided with no connecting channel, heat dissipation can be prevented through the connecting channel, the problem that the air tightness at the joint of the communicating vessel 3 and the evaporator 1 or the reformer 2 is poor, air leakage and heat dissipation are caused can be prevented, if the communicating vessel 3 is additionally arranged, the evaporation cavity 12 and the reformer 2 can be directly communicated, gas in a heat exchange cavity 11 is prevented from entering the evaporation cavity 12 or the reformer 2, the interference reaction is avoided, meanwhile, a larger space can be provided for the expanded gas in the heat exchange cavity 11, the pressure is reduced, the evaporated mixed gas enters the reformer 2 to perform reforming reaction conveniently, and H-containing problem is generated ₂ 、H ₂ O、CO、C _x H _y The heat preservation structure wraps the outer surfaces of the evaporator 1 and the reformer 2 and is used for preserving heat and insulating the evaporator 1 and the reformer 2, the shape of the reformer 2 can be set according to practical conditions, the evaporator 1 comprises a heat exchange cavity 11 for carrying out heat exchange treatment on the evaporation cavity 12, an evaporation cavity 12 for evaporating water and liquid fuel and a mixing structure 13 for mixing gas, the heat exchange cavity 11 and the evaporation cavity 12 are mutually independent cavities, gas in the heat exchange cavity 11 can be prevented from running into the evaporation cavity 12, gas purity is influenced, reforming reaction is finally influenced, the evaporation cavity 12 is arranged in the heat exchange cavity 11, the heat exchange cavity 11 can uniformly supply heat to the outer surface of the evaporation cavity 12 in an omnibearing manner, a high-temperature heat source pipeline can be further arranged in the evaporation cavity 12 and is used for providing heat for the interior of the evaporation cavity 12, evaporation rate is further accelerated, the evaporation efficiency of liquid fuel is higher, the end parts of the evaporation cavity 12 extend out of the end parts of the heat exchange cavity 11, the end parts of the heat exchange cavity 11 are conveniently connected with the reformer 2, and necessary parts and detection devices are installed.

Compared with the existing reforming reaction device which utilizes electric heating modes such as a heating rod or a heat tracing belt to heat, the electric energy is required to be additionally provided, the surface of the water vapor generating device dissipates much heat, under the environment with liquid, electricity and high temperature, the anti-creeping measure is also indispensable, the structure is complex, the electricity consumption is low in economic benefit, and the potential safety risk is also provided.

Furthermore, the mixing structure 13 includes a cyclone body capable of guiding gas spirally, so that the mixing structure 13 is located at one end of the evaporation cavity 12 near the reformer 2, specifically, the mixing structure 13 may also select a jet type, venturi type, or other mixing device to perform gaseous mixing on the water vapor and the liquid fuel vapor evaporated in the evaporation cavity 12; the outer wall of the outer ring of the mixing structure 13 is clamped on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity 12, which is close to one side of the reformer 2, and the water vapor evaporated in the evaporation cavity 12 and the liquid fuel vapor are uniformly mixed, so that the mixed gas can enter the reformer 2 for subsequent reaction.

In another implementation manner of this embodiment, the mixing structure 13 of the product is provided with a swirl body capable of guiding gas spirally, and is arranged in the heat exchange cavity 11 and penetrates through the evaporation cavity 12 radially inwards, a part of the mixing structure 13 is arranged in the evaporation cavity 12, a part of the mixing structure 13 is arranged in the heat exchange cavity 11, and the other part of the mixing structure 13 is arranged in the evaporation cavity 12, so that the gas in the evaporation cavity 12 can be uniformly mixed, and meanwhile, the mixing structure 13 spans the heat exchange cavity 11 and the evaporation cavity 12, so that the heat of the high-temperature gas can be conducted to the mixing structure 13 in the evaporation cavity 12 by combining the heat conduction property of the mixing structure 13, and the liquid in the evaporation cavity 12 is heated to further raise the temperature in the evaporation cavity 12.

Further, the evaporation chamber 12 includes a horizontal evaporation tube 121 and a vertical evaporation tube 122, which can provide separate evaporation sites for water or liquid fuel, so that the liquid fuel is evaporated, and only the water is evaporated without evaporating the liquid fuel after the water and the liquid fuel are prevented from being mixed; the angle between the axis of the horizontal evaporation tube 121 and the axis of the vertical evaporation tube 122 is 45-90 degrees, so that the installation is convenient, meanwhile, the water mist sprayed by the nozzle arranged at the end part has original kinetic energy, so that the evaporated gas is intersected at a right angle or an acute angle, the mixing effect of water vapor and liquid fuel vapor is improved, and when the angle between the horizontal evaporation tube 121 and the vertical evaporation tube 122 is 90 degrees; the heat exchange cavity 11 is similar to the evaporation cavity 12 in structure, so that the evaporation cavity 12 is in a regular shape or an irregular shape, and the heat exchange cavity 11 can be uniformly wrapped on the surface of the evaporation cavity 12, so that the evaporation cavity 12 is uniformly heated, and heat deviation caused by uneven heating is avoided, and the evaporation effect is influenced; the end of the evaporation cavity 12 is flush with the end of the heat exchange cavity 11, so that components can be conveniently installed at the end of the evaporation cavity 12, and one end of the evaporation cavity 12, which is close to the reformer 2, protrudes out of the heat exchange cavity 11, so that the evaporation cavity 12 is convenient to communicate with the reformer 2.

Furthermore, the nozzle seats are installed at the ends of the horizontal evaporation tube 121 and the vertical evaporation tube 122, and are used for installing nozzles to spray water and liquid fuel, so that the water and the liquid fuel respectively enter the horizontal evaporation tube 121 and the vertical evaporation tube 122 and are evaporated in different pipelines, the liquid is sprayed out by the nozzles in the form of water mist or fine water drops instead of stranded liquid, the evaporation surface area of the liquid can be increased, the gas flow rate near the nozzles is faster, the heating and the evaporation are more convenient, the evaporation efficiency is improved, and when the horizontal evaporation tube 121 and the vertical evaporation tube 122 are 90 degrees, the liquid sprayed out from the ends of the vertical evaporation tube 122 falls down better.

Furthermore, the chuck assembly 14 is sleeved at one end of the evaporation cavity 12, which is close to the reformer 2, so that the chuck assembly 14 can be quickly disassembled and assembled, the internal state of the evaporation cavity 12 can be conveniently observed, and the product can be conveniently maintained and maintained at a later stage, and a gap is reserved between the chuck assembly 14 and the mixing structure 13, so that the mutual work is not disturbed.

Furthermore, a plurality of temperature sensor seats a124 and a differential pressure sensor seat a125 are disposed on the side surface of the evaporation chamber 12 near the reformer 2, the sensors are all selected from the existing commercial products, such as the temperature sensor can be selected from the HIH series model of Honeywell company, the HM1500, the HM1520, the HF3223, the HTF3223 model of Humirel company, the SHT series of Sensiron company, etc., the temperature sensor seat a124 is arranged in an annular array for mounting the temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of different areas in the evaporation chamber, the temperature sensor annular array is distributed on the end surface of the evaporation chamber 12, the end surface of the evaporation chamber 12 can be covered on the whole, the temperature in the evaporation chamber 12 is uniformly and accurately reflected, the differential pressure sensor can be selected from the pressure sensor specific model of Honeywell PX2, sensirion and the D6F series of Omron, for monitoring the pressure generated by liquid evaporation in the evaporation chamber, checking whether the temperature and the pressure in the evaporation chamber 12 are vaporized or not, if the temperature and the pressure in the evaporation chamber reach the requirements, if the temperature and the pressure in the evaporation chamber are not regulated, the pressure in the evaporation chamber 1 is required to be high, and if the pressure in the evaporation 1 is high, the evaporation 1 is affected by the pressure change, and the evaporation 1 can be damaged if the pressure in the evaporation 1 is high, and the evaporation 1 is affected by the pressure change, and the evaporation 1 is high, the evaporation 1 is also the temperature is affected by the temperature change; the installed temperature sensors are distributed in a circumferential array, and the temperatures of different areas in the evaporation cavity can be monitored.

Furthermore, the surface of the heat exchange cavity 11 is provided with a high-temperature gas inlet pipe 113 and a high-temperature gas outlet pipe 114, the high-temperature gas inlet pipe 113 and the high-temperature gas outlet pipe 114 are respectively positioned at two ends of the heat exchange cavity 11, the inner wall of the heat exchange cavity 11 is spirally provided with a plurality of guide plates 115, and a space is reserved between each guide plate 115 and used for guiding the flow direction of high-temperature gas, so that the high-temperature gas enters the heat exchange cavity 11 from the gas inlet and then spirally flows to one end of the gas outlet around the surface of the evaporation cavity 12, the gas flow speed is increased while the mixed flow and rotational flow of the gas are avoided, and the heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the evaporation cavity 12 is improved.

Further, a temperature sensor seat B116 and a differential pressure sensor seat B117 are installed on the surface of the heat exchange cavity 11, and are used for installing a temperature sensor and a differential pressure sensor to monitor the internal temperature and the pressure, the specific model is the existing commercial product, in order to make the detected temperature and pressure more accurate, multiple groups of sensor seats can be symmetrically arranged on the surface of the heat exchange cavity 11, the temperature in the heat exchange cavity 11 is compared with the temperature in the evaporation cavity 12, according to the actual situation, the temperature difference between the heat exchange cavity 11 and the evaporation cavity 12 is controlled, specifically, by installing temperature sensors at two ends of the horizontal heat exchange tube 111 respectively, the temperature of the high temperature gas entering and exiting is monitored, and whether the temperature in the heat exchange cavity 11 is reduced to increase the temperature in the evaporation cavity 12 is monitored; the differential pressure sensor seat B117 is used for monitoring the pressure generated by the high-temperature gas in the heat exchange cavity 11, so that the pressure is always kept relatively stable with the atmospheric pressure and the pressure of the evaporation cavity 12.

Furthermore, the heat insulation structure comprises a heat insulation cotton 41 layer and a heat insulation cover 42 layer wrapped on the surface of the heat insulation cotton 41 layer, wherein the heat insulation cotton 41 layer can adopt heat insulation cotton, and can also adopt high-temperature resistant heat insulation materials such as nano microporous heat insulation materials, glass cotton, polyurethane foaming materials, perlite and the like, so that the heat insulation structure is used for keeping the internal temperature relatively stable and reducing heat energy loss; the heat shield 42 layer is also made of heat-insulating materials, so that the heat dissipation of the product is prevented when the internal temperature is further protected, the external environment temperature of the product is prevented from being too high, and the product is reinforced and shaped.

A preferred implementation of this example is as follows: the evaporator 1 is provided with two mutually independent cavities, namely a heat exchange cavity 11 and an evaporation cavity 12, wherein the evaporation cavity 12 is of an inverted T shape and is divided into a horizontal evaporation pipe 121 and an upright evaporation pipe 122, the horizontal evaporation pipe is welded to form 90 degrees, the heat exchange cavity 11 is similar to the evaporation cavity 12 in structure, is an enlarged version of the evaporation cavity 12, is arranged on the outer layer of the evaporation cavity 12, one end, connected with a reformer 2, of the horizontal evaporation cavity 121 protrudes out of the horizontal heat exchange pipe 111, one end, far away from the reformer 2, of the horizontal evaporation pipe 121 is flush with the horizontal heat exchange pipe 111, and the top end face of the upright evaporation cavity 122 is flush with the top end face of the upright heat exchange pipe 112; a nozzle seat A1 is arranged at one end of the horizontal evaporation pipe 121 far away from the reformer 2 and used for installing the nozzle A1 to spray liquid water, a nozzle seat A2 is arranged on the vertical evaporation pipe 122 and used for installing the nozzle A2 to spray liquid fuel, a swirl type mixing structure 13 is arranged on the inner wall of one side of the horizontal evaporation pipe 121 close to the reformer 2, a chuck structure 14 is arranged on the same side of the horizontal evaporation pipe 121, the chuck structure 14 is positioned between the reformer 2 and the mixing structure 13 and is close to the mixing structure 13, 5 annular temperature sensor seats A124 and a differential pressure sensor seat A125 are arranged on the outer end surface of the horizontal evaporation pipe 121 on the same side, and a high-temperature heat source pipeline is arranged in the evaporation cavity 12; the inner wall of the heat exchange cavity 11 is spirally provided with a plurality of guide plates 115, a high-temperature gas inlet is arranged on the surface of one side of the horizontal heat exchange tube 111 far away from the reformer 2, a high-temperature gas outlet is arranged on the surface of one side of the horizontal heat exchange tube 111 near the reformer 2, and a temperature sensor seat B116 and a pressure difference sensor seat B117 are arranged at two ends of the horizontal heat exchange tube 111; finally, the evaporator 1 and the reformer 2 are directly coupled and connected, the outer surfaces of the evaporator 1 and the reformer 2 are wrapped with heat insulation cotton 41, and then the surface layer of the heat insulation cotton is wrapped with a heat insulation cover 42.

The product is swept in advance by nitrogen to discharge internal air, then high-temperature gas enters the heat exchange cavity 11 through the high-temperature gas inlet pipe 113, flows along the guide plate 115, finally flows out of the high-temperature gas outlet pipe 114, heats the evaporation cavity 12 and passes through the horizontal directionThe pressure difference sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged on the evaporation tube 121, the temperatures of different areas in the evaporation cavity 12 are monitored, after judging that the overall temperature in the evaporation cavity 12 meets the injection conditions of water and liquid fuel, the liquid water is injected through a nozzle A1 at one end of the horizontal evaporation tube 121 far away from the reformer 2, the liquid fuel is injected through a nozzle A2 on the vertical evaporation tube 122, after the water and the liquid fuel are vaporized, the water vapor and the fuel in the horizontal evaporation tube 121 are mixed by the mixing structure 13, and the mixed gas enters the reformer 2 to perform SR reaction to generate H-containing gas ₂ 、H ₂ O、CO、C _x H _y And the like, and then to the next reaction stage.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the utility model, and is not meant to limit the scope of the utility model, but to limit the utility model to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a hydrocarbon fuel evaporation reforming reactor, includes evaporimeter (1), reformer (2), insulation structure, its characterized in that: the evaporator (1) is communicated with the reformer (2), the outer surfaces of the evaporator (1) and the reformer (2) are wrapped with heat insulation structures, the evaporator (1) comprises a heat exchange cavity (11), an evaporation cavity (12) and a mixing structure (13), the heat exchange cavity (11) and the evaporation cavity (12) are mutually independent cavities, the evaporation cavity (12) is located inside the heat exchange cavity (11), and the end parts of the evaporation cavity (12) extend out of the heat exchange cavity (11).

2. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the mixing structure (13) comprises a cyclone body capable of guiding gas in a spiral manner, the mixing structure (13) is arranged inside the evaporation cavity (12), and the mixing structure (13) is positioned at one end of the evaporation cavity (12) close to the reformer (2).

3. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the mixing structure (13) comprises a swirl body capable of guiding gas in a spiral manner, and the mixing structure (13) is positioned inside the heat exchange cavity (11) and penetrates into the inside of the evaporation cavity (12) radially inwards.

4. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor as defined in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the evaporating cavity (12) comprises a horizontal evaporating pipe (121) and an upright evaporating pipe (122), an angle between the axis of the horizontal evaporating pipe (121) and the axis of the upright evaporating pipe (122) is 45-90 degrees, the end of the evaporating cavity (12) is flush with the end of the heat exchange cavity (11), and one end of the evaporating cavity (12) close to the reformer (2) protrudes out of the heat exchange cavity (11).

5. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor in accordance with claim 4, wherein: a nozzle seat (123) is arranged at the end parts of the horizontal evaporation pipe (121) and the vertical evaporation pipe (122), and the nozzle seat (123) is used for installing a nozzle for spraying water or liquid fuel.

6. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor in accordance with claim 4, wherein: one end of the evaporation cavity (12) close to the mixing structure (13) is sleeved with a chuck assembly (14).

7. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor in accordance with claim 4, wherein: the side surface of the evaporation cavity (12) close to one end of the reformer (2) is provided with a plurality of temperature sensor seats A (124), and the temperature sensor seats A (124) are arranged in a circumferential array.

8. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor in accordance with claim 4, wherein: the heat exchange cavity (11) is provided with a high-temperature gas inlet pipe (113) and a high-temperature gas outlet pipe (114), the high-temperature gas inlet pipe (113) and the high-temperature gas outlet pipe (114) are respectively positioned at two ends of the heat exchange cavity (11), and a plurality of guide plates (115) are spirally arranged on the inner wall of the heat exchange cavity (11).

9. A hydrocarbon fuel vapor reforming reactor in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation structure comprises a heat insulation cotton (41) layer and a heat insulation cover (42) layer arranged on the surface of the heat insulation cotton (41) layer.