CN220470093U - Exhaust and oil supply system with double filters - Google Patents
Exhaust and oil supply system with double filters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN220470093U CN220470093U CN202322314445.4U CN202322314445U CN220470093U CN 220470093 U CN220470093 U CN 220470093U CN 202322314445 U CN202322314445 U CN 202322314445U CN 220470093 U CN220470093 U CN 220470093U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- oil
- engine
- exhaust
- oil supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a double-filter exhaust and oil supply system, which belongs to an engine oil supply filtering system of a diesel vehicle, and comprises a double-filter exhaust and oil supply system, wherein the double-filter exhaust and oil supply system comprises a double-filter assembly, an oil tank and an engine, the double-filter assembly comprises a main shell, a first filter is fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the main shell, a second filter is fixedly arranged at one side of the inner top of the main shell, an electric pump is fixedly arranged at the other side of the inner top of the main shell, and an exhaust check valve is fixedly arranged at the inlet end of an oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline of the electric pump. The diesel engine can avoid the problem of excessive gas accumulation in the engine, ensure the service life of the diesel engine, reduce the oil absorption resistance of the oil delivery pump after the engine is started, ensure the power effect of the engine and save the use cost of the whole double-filter exhaust and oil supply system.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an oil supply and filtration system of a diesel engine, in particular to a double-filter exhaust and oil supply system.
Background
The filter is a fitting that functions to filter foreign substances or gas through a filter paper. Generally refers to an automotive filter, which is an accessory for an engine.
The filtering device is divided into: oil filters, fuel filters (gasoline filters, diesel filters, oil-water separators, hydraulic filters), air filters, air conditioning filters, and the like. The engine has three filters, namely air, engine oil and fuel oil, commonly called as three filters, and an air conditioner filter commonly called as four filters. Respectively, the filtering of a lubricating system, a medium in a combustion system, an engine air inlet system and a carriage air circulation system.
Based on the above, the present inventors found that:
when the filter is actually used in terms of exhaust and oil supply, the filter still has a certain improvement space for the actual situation:
(1) when the diesel engine supplies oil, the common diesel engine forcibly supplies oil and exhausts gas by means of an electric pump during self-priming and starting of the engine, in the working mode, the gas of mixed oil liquid can enter the engine, and the gas accumulation amount is excessive along with the extension of working time, so that the working life of the diesel engine is influenced;
(2) when the diesel engine is used for exhausting or supplying oil, the double-pump exhaust pump and the oil supply pump are adopted for operation, and when the engine works, the exhaust pump works simultaneously to exhaust mixed oil back to the oil tank, at the moment, the oil absorption resistance of the engine can be caused, and the power effect of the diesel engine is finally affected.
Accordingly, the present utility model has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present utility model is to provide a dual filter exhaust and oil supply system which has a higher practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a double-filter exhaust and oil supply system, which can avoid the problem of excessive gas accumulation in an engine, ensure the service life of the diesel engine, reduce the oil absorption resistance of an oil delivery pump after the engine is started, ensure the power effect of the engine and save the use cost of the whole double-filter exhaust and oil supply system.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme.
The double-filter exhaust and oil supply system comprises a double-filter exhaust and oil supply system, wherein the double-filter exhaust and oil supply system comprises a double-filter assembly, an oil tank and an engine;
the double-filter assembly comprises a main shell, a first filter is fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the main shell, a second filter is fixedly arranged at one side of the inner top of the main shell, an electric pump is fixedly arranged at the other side of the inner top of the main shell, an exhaust one-way valve is fixedly arranged on the inlet end of an oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline of the electric pump, a main oil supply one-way valve is fixedly arranged in a clean oil pipeline of the first filter, an oil return gas prevention one-way valve is fixedly arranged on an exhaust outlet of the filter, a filter oil inlet is fixedly arranged at one side of the outer part of the main shell and is connected with an output port of an oil tank through the filter oil inlet, an engine oil supply port is fixedly arranged at one side of the outer part of the main shell and is connected with an engine input port through the engine oil supply port, an oil return pipe is connected to the input port of the oil tank through the oil return pipe, and a filter exhaust outlet is fixedly arranged at the top end of the second filter and is connected into the oil return pipe through the pipeline.
Further, the output end of the first filter is connected with an oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline, and the oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline passes through the electric pump and is connected to the input end of the second filter.
Further, the engine and the electric pump are connected to the same single chip microcomputer through the internal signal units respectively.
Further, a clean fuel pipeline is connected between the first filter, the second filter and the engine fuel supply port.
Further, an unfiltered fuel oil pipeline I is arranged in the second filter, and the unfiltered fuel oil pipeline I is isolated from a clean fuel oil pipeline positioned in the second filter through a filter element;
an unfiltered fuel oil pipeline II is arranged between the first filter and the engine oil supply port, and the unfiltered fuel oil pipeline II is isolated from a clean fuel oil pipeline positioned in the first filter through a filter element.
Further, the inner diameter of the air outlet of the second filter is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner outlet of the filter element of the second filter.
Further, a clean fuel pipeline between the first filter and an engine fuel supply port is in unidirectional circulation;
the clean fuel oil pipeline between the second filter and the engine oil supply port is in unidirectional circulation.
Further, the first filter and the second filter are fixed inside the main shell through bolt pieces, and rubber shock-absorbing sealing rings are fixedly attached to the periphery sides of the first filter and the second filter inside the main shell.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
(1) according to the scheme, diesel oil in the second filter element is discharged into the oil supply pipe, so that positive pressure is formed in the oil supply pipe, the engine is easy to start, oil supply is sufficient after a vehicle runs, no gas exists, rail pressure is stable, power is improved, oil is saved, the fuel oil supplied by the first filter and the second filter is free of gas, the problem that excessive gas accumulation occurs in the engine is avoided, and the service life of the diesel engine is guaranteed;
(2) according to the scheme, when the diesel engine supplies oil, the electric pump is used for pumping mixed oil of the first filter to enter the outside of the filter element of the second filter to form positive pressure, then diesel oil enters the filter element, the diesel oil enters an engine oil supply port from an outlet, gas is discharged from the outlet at the top of the filter and enters an engine oil return port or an oil return pipe, so that the oil absorption resistance of the oil delivery pump after the engine is started is reduced, and the power effect of the engine is ensured;
(3) according to the scheme, the self-priming is performed through the auxiliary engine, so that the sufficient oil supply of the whole double-filter exhaust and oil supply system is ensured, the existing function is realized by adopting one electric pump, and the use cost of the whole double-filter exhaust and oil supply system is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal plan structure of a dual filter assembly according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the internal planar structure of a dual filter assembly according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the outer plan structure of the dual filter assembly of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the external planar structure of a dual filter assembly according to the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the filter exhaust and oil supply system of the present utility model during oil supply and exhaust;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of the present utility model with the first filter and the second filter separated;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the exhaust and oil supply system of the present utility model when the upper second filter is in the lower position.
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
1. a dual filter assembly;
2. shell body
3. A first filter;
4. a second filter;
5. an electric pump;
6. an exhaust check valve;
7. an oil inlet of the filter;
8. an oil tank;
9. an engine oil supply port;
10. an engine;
11. a filter exhaust outlet;
12. an oil supply check valve;
13. an oil return prevention check valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model; it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present utility model are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, a dual filter exhaust and oil supply system includes a dual filter exhaust and oil supply system, the dual filter exhaust and oil supply system includes a dual filter assembly 1, an oil tank 8, and an engine 10;
the double-filter assembly 1 comprises a main shell 2, a first filter 3 is fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the main shell 2, a second filter 4 is fixedly arranged at one side of the inner top of the main shell 2, an electric pump 5 is fixedly arranged at the other side of the inner top of the main shell 2, an exhaust check valve 6 is fixedly arranged at the inlet end of an oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline of the electric pump 5, a main fuel supply check valve 12 is fixedly arranged in a clean fuel pipeline of the first filter 3, an oil return prevention check valve 13 is fixedly arranged at an exhaust outlet 11 of the filter, a filter oil inlet 7 is fixedly arranged at one side of the outer part of the main shell 2 and is connected with an output port of the fuel tank 8 through the filter oil inlet 7, an engine oil supply port 9 is fixedly arranged at one side of the outer part of the main shell 2 and is connected with an input port of the engine 10 through the engine oil supply port 9, an output port of the engine 10 is connected with an oil return pipe and is connected to the input port of the fuel tank 8 through the oil return pipe, a filter exhaust outlet 11 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the second filter 4, and the filter exhaust outlet 11 is connected to the oil return pipe or the fuel tank through the pipeline.
When the exhaust oil supply system works, the electric pump 5 pumps mixed oil liquid of the first filter 3 to enter the outside of the filter element of the second filter 4 and form positive pressure, then diesel oil enters the inside of the filter element of the second filter 4, gas enters the engine oil supply port 9 from the outlet of the second filter 4 and is discharged from the top air outlet of the second filter 4 and enters the oil return port or the oil return pipe of the engine 10, finally, the fuel oil supplied by the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 is free of gas, the engine 10 is assisted to self-absorb, the oil supply is ensured to be sufficient, meanwhile, the existing function is realized by adopting the electric pump 5, the auxiliary filtering of the second filter 4 is adopted, and the overall cost is saved.
Example 2:
based on the above example 1, further discussion is made.
Referring to fig. 1, an output end of the first filter 3 is connected to an oil and gas mixture fuel line, which passes through an electric pump 5 and is connected to an input end of the second filter 4.
The fuel oil containing gas in the first filter 3 is discharged under the action of the electric pump 5, the discharged mixed fuel oil enters the cavity of the second filter 4, the gas in the fuel oil entering the second filter 4 is discharged at the top outlet of the cavity and enters the fuel tank 8, the fuel oil without gas enters the filter element under the action of the resistance of the filter element, and the internal outlet is connected with the fuel supply channel of the engine 10 of the first filter 3.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the engine 10 and the electric pump 5 are connected to the same single chip microcomputer through signal units inside the engine and the electric pump, respectively.
The singlechip receives and controls the operation of the engine 10 and the electric pump 5, when the engine 10 is started, the electric pump 5 starts to work, negative pressure is formed inside the first filter 3, the oil tank 8 starts to supply oil to the first filter 3, mixed fuel pumped out by the pump is discharged into the second filter 4, and fuel at the outlet of the inner cavity of the second filter 4 enters an oil supply channel of the engine 10, so that the difficulty of starting the engine caused by the whole oil supply system is effectively reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, a clean fuel line is connected between the first filter 3, the second filter 4, and the engine fuel supply port 9.
After the engine 10 is started, under the suction force of the oil transfer pump of the engine 10, the negative pressure formed in the first filter 3, the main oil supply one-way valve 12 is opened, clean fuel enters the main oil supply channel of the engine 10, and no gas exists in the fuel.
Referring to fig. 2, an unfiltered fuel line I is arranged in the second filter 4, and the unfiltered fuel line I is isolated from a clean fuel line in the second filter 4 by a filter element;
an unfiltered fuel oil pipeline II is arranged between the first filter 3 and the engine oil supply port 9, and the unfiltered fuel oil pipeline II is isolated from a clean fuel oil pipeline positioned in the first filter 3 through a filter element.
When the electric pump 5 and the engine 10 work simultaneously, the first unfiltered fuel pipeline and the clean fuel pipeline positioned in the second filter 4 realize filtration through the filter element, the second unfiltered fuel pipeline and the clean fuel pipeline positioned in the first filter 3 pass through the filter element, and the fuel in the second filter 4 is continuously supplied to the fuel supply channel of the engine 10, so that the fuel supply is more sufficient, the power of the engine 10 is stronger, no gas exists in the fuel, and the cleanliness of the fuel reaching the engine 10 is ensured.
Referring to fig. 1, the inner diameter of the air outlet of the second filter 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet inside the filter element of the second filter 4.
When the fuel gas mixture fuel in the first filter 3 is discharged by the electric pump 5 and enters the second filter 4, the flow is large, and because the air outlet of the second filter 4 is smaller than the inner outlet of the filter element and the total flow of the air outlet and the inner outlet is smaller than the oil supply amount, positive pressure is formed in the cavity of the second filter 4, under the condition of positive pressure, the flow rate of the fuel discharged by the inner oil outlet is high, and when the fuel enters the oil supply channel of the engine 10 of the first filter 3, the sufficient oil supply of the engine 10 is realized.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the clean fuel line between the first filter 3 and the engine fuel supply port 9 is in unidirectional flow;
the clean fuel pipeline between the second filter 4 and the engine fuel supply port 9 is in unidirectional circulation.
Through unidirectional circulation, the backflow of clean fuel is avoided, at this moment, no gas exists in the fuel supplied to the engine 10 in the first filter 3 and the second filter 4, the fuel supply is sufficient, the power of the engine 10 is improved, and the fuel saving function can be realized.
Referring to fig. 1, the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 are fixed inside the main casing 2 by bolt members, and rubber shock absorbing sealing rings are fixedly attached to the peripheral sides of the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 inside the main casing 2.
Utilize rubber shock attenuation sealing washer to reduce first filter 3 and second filter 4 at during operation vibration amplitude, guaranteed the stability of first filter 3 and second filter 4 during operation, simultaneously, when adopting the bolt to connect, first filter 3 and second filter 4 can regard as overall structure to use, also can split to regard as split type structure to use, improved the application scope of whole double filter assembly 1
Example 3:
based on the above examples 1 and 2, further discussion is made.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the electric pump 5 pumps the mixed oil of the first filter 3 to the outside of the filter element of the second filter 4 to form positive pressure, then diesel oil enters the filter element, enters the engine oil supply port 9 from the outlet, and the gas is discharged from the filter exhaust outlet 11 at the top of the second filter 4 and enters the oil return port or pipe of the engine 10.
The diesel oil in the filter element of the second filter 4 is discharged into the oil supply pipe, so that positive pressure is formed in the oil supply pipe, at the moment, the engine 10 is easy to start, oil supply is sufficient after the vehicle runs, no gas exists, rail pressure is stable, power is improved, and oil is saved.
Example 4:
referring to fig. 5, an oil supply pipeline is added between the oil suction port of the electric pump 5 and the oil tank 8, and the oil supply pipeline is provided with an oil supply amount of the second filter 4, so that the oil suction resistance of the oil delivery pump of the engine 10 is reduced.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model; the scope of the utility model is not limited in this respect. Any person skilled in the art, within the technical scope of the present disclosure, may apply to the present utility model, and the technical solution and the improvement thereof are all covered by the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a two filter exhaust and oil feeding system, includes two filter exhaust and oil feeding system, its characterized in that: the double-filter exhaust and oil supply system comprises a double-filter assembly (1), an oil tank (8) and an engine (10); the double-filter combination (1) comprises a main shell (2), a first filter (3) is fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the main shell (2), a second filter (4) is fixedly arranged at one side of the inner top of the main shell (2), an electric pump (5) is fixedly arranged at the other side of the inner top of the main shell (2), an exhaust check valve (6) is fixedly arranged at the inlet end of an oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline of the electric pump (5), a main oil supply check valve (12) is fixedly arranged in a clean fuel pipeline of the first filter (3), an oil return prevention air check valve (13) is fixedly arranged at an exhaust outlet (11) of the filter, a filter oil inlet (7) is fixedly arranged at one side of the outer part of the main shell (2), and is connected with an output port of an oil tank (8) through the filter oil inlet (7), an engine oil supply port (9) is fixedly arranged at one side of the outer part of the main shell (2), and is connected with an input port of the engine (10), an oil return pipe is connected with the output port of the engine (10), and the oil return pipe is connected to the output port of the engine through the engine oil supply port (9), and the oil return pipe is fixedly connected with the output port of the oil tank (11) through the filter oil inlet (8), and the filter oil return inlet (11) through the filter oil inlet port (8).
2. The dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of claim 1, wherein: the output end of the first filter (3) is connected with an oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline, and the oil-gas mixed fuel pipeline passes through an electric pump (5) and is connected to the input end of the second filter (4).
3. The dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of claim 1, wherein: the engine (10) and the electric pump (5) are connected to the same single chip microcomputer through the signal units in the engine and the electric pump respectively.
4. The dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of claim 1, wherein: and a clean fuel pipeline is connected between the first filter (3), the second filter (4) and the engine oil supply port (9).
5. The dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of claim 4, wherein: an unfiltered fuel oil pipeline I is arranged in the second filter (4), and the unfiltered fuel oil pipeline I is isolated from a clean fuel oil pipeline positioned in the second filter (4) through a filter element; an unfiltered fuel oil pipeline II is arranged between the first filter (3) and the engine oil supply port (9), and the unfiltered fuel oil pipeline II is isolated from a clean fuel oil pipeline positioned in the first filter (3) through a filter element.
6. The dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the air outlet of the second filter (4) is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner outlet of the filter element of the second filter (4), and the total flow of the air outlet and the inner outlet is smaller than the total oil supply amount of the electric pump discharged into the second filter.
7. The dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of claim 4, wherein: the clean fuel oil pipeline between the first filter (3) and the engine fuel supply port (9) is in unidirectional circulation;
the clean fuel oil pipeline between the second filter (4) and the engine fuel supply port (9) is in unidirectional circulation.
8. The dual filter exhaust and oil supply system of claim 1, wherein: the first filter (3) and the second filter (4) are fixed inside the main shell (2) through bolt pieces, and rubber shock absorption sealing rings are fixedly attached to the periphery sides of the first filter (3) and the second filter (4) inside the main shell (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322314445.4U CN220470093U (en) | 2023-08-28 | 2023-08-28 | Exhaust and oil supply system with double filters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322314445.4U CN220470093U (en) | 2023-08-28 | 2023-08-28 | Exhaust and oil supply system with double filters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220470093U true CN220470093U (en) | 2024-02-09 |
Family
ID=89800246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322314445.4U Active CN220470093U (en) | 2023-08-28 | 2023-08-28 | Exhaust and oil supply system with double filters |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220470093U (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-08-28 CN CN202322314445.4U patent/CN220470093U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102444509B (en) | The fuel filter system of internal combustion engine fuel system and from fuel the method for Separation of Water | |
| CN210977726U (en) | Exhaust structure of fuel prefilter | |
| CN202012424U (en) | Fuel oil filter seat and fuel oil filter with same | |
| CN220470093U (en) | Exhaust and oil supply system with double filters | |
| CN110626163A (en) | Double-oil-pump oil supply system of saddle-shaped oil tank | |
| CN109252993A (en) | A kind of adaptive diesel engine oil supply system of the gradient | |
| CN101705892A (en) | Electric oil pump | |
| CN208024493U (en) | A kind of automatic vent type diesel fuel filter | |
| CN2937531Y (en) | Exhaust device of fuel channel system of motor vehicle | |
| CN206647193U (en) | Filter seat | |
| CN205315181U (en) | Integrated form diesel engine high pressure common rail fuel injection high -pressure oil pump assembly for system | |
| CN211549880U (en) | High-efficient fuel filter exhaust structure | |
| CN108906794B (en) | Cleaning device for non-gas-assisted SCR urea pipeline | |
| CN212054954U (en) | Detachable fuel filter of oil pumping device | |
| CN211598884U (en) | Module integrated type fuel prefilter assembly structure | |
| CN110778543B (en) | Pneumatic pressurization system for hydraulic oil tank of engineering machinery | |
| CN210769097U (en) | Diesel filter assembly with electric fuel pump | |
| CN111535962A (en) | Heavy diesel engine high pressure common rail fuel system | |
| CN219139239U (en) | Fuel supply system for internal combustion engine | |
| CN201314273Y (en) | Fuel filter manual pump with oil absorption and purification function | |
| CN201696191U (en) | Fuel oil supply device of light-duty truck | |
| CN218934596U (en) | Degassing fuel-saving diesel filter | |
| CN210599231U (en) | Forklift fuel system | |
| CN216241015U (en) | Integrated fuel delivery pump of fuel system | |
| CN220319707U (en) | Fuel filter device of diesel locomotive |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |