CN220419605U - 6dB optical waveguide power divider system - Google Patents
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- CN220419605U CN220419605U CN202322092933.5U CN202322092933U CN220419605U CN 220419605 U CN220419605 U CN 220419605U CN 202322092933 U CN202322092933 U CN 202322092933U CN 220419605 U CN220419605 U CN 220419605U
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a 6dB optical waveguide power divider system, a silicon dioxide bottom cladding layer with the thickness of 3 mu m is covered on a silicon substrate, an input waveguide and an output waveguide are made of benzocyclobutene materials, two waveguide cores are arranged on the bottom cladding layer in parallel, and epoxy resin is coated on the bottom cladding layer and the waveguide cores; the height of the waveguide core is 2.4 μm, the length is 2000 μm, and the width b is 2 μm; the spacing of the two waveguides is d=b-log (Ω/Ω 0 ) And/alpha is calculated. The utility model relates to a waveguide coupling system which is similar to a two-level quantum system and is compared with a transmission system according to a Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory and a waveguide coupling theory in a quantum adiabatic shortcut technologyThe light-collecting power divider has more advantages; the degree of freedom is increased in the invariant parameters, so that the optical waveguide power divider has higher flexibility in structural design and strong adjustability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the fields of guided wave optics and quantum optics, and particularly relates to an optical waveguide power divider designed by utilizing a quantum heat insulation shortcut technology.
Background
An optical waveguide power divider (hereinafter referred to as an optical power divider) belongs to one of optical couplers, is one of the most important components in a microwave network, and is widely applied to the scenes of antenna systems, mixers, oscillators and the like. The power divider designed based on the waveguide has been used in microwave and millimeter wave circuits or communication systems at present due to the advantages of low loss, large power, wide bandwidth range and the like. Today, optical power splitters are mature devices which are produced and used in large scale at home and abroad, and some companies abroad have optical power splitters in package modes such as plug-in type, chip type, array type, waveguide type and the like, so that the requirements of different customers can be met.
Conventional optical splitters utilize the propagation and reflection of light in a medium such that light of different wavelengths is split at different output ports. However, this approach requires the use of complex multilayer film structures, and requires tight control of the thickness and refractive index of each layer during fabrication, which is difficult and costly to manufacture.
The quantum state evolution principle is utilized to design the transmission and separation of light in the waveguide, so that a more efficient and accurate optical power separation effect can be realized. Compared with the traditional optical power divider, the optical power divider obtained in the mode has higher accuracy, higher efficiency and stronger adjustability. The key point of controlling the transmission and separation of light by utilizing the evolution of the quantum state is to solve the Hamiltonian amount in the quantum system. However, since the form of hamiltonian is complex, it is difficult to obtain an accurate solution, and in actual calculation, methods such as adiabatic approximation, semi-classical approximation, and perturbation theory are often adopted to obtain an approximate solution. Whereas the adiabatic approximation is a more common solution. Assuming that the system changes slowly enough over time, it is assumed that at any time the system state is at the momentary eigenstate of the hamiltonian, and does not transition to another momentary eigenstate. However, adiabatic processes require long evolution times, which can cause decoherence, and thus require faster adiabatic evolution times. The quantum adiabatic shortcut technique proposed by the document "Fast optimal frictionless atom cooling in harmonic traps: shortcut to adiabaticity" (Physical reviews, letters,104,063002 (2010).) the quantum evolution is no longer limited by adiabatic conditions and non-adiabatic transitions that may occur during the evolution are eliminated. Quantum adiabatic shortcut techniques include Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant and transition-free quantum driving. The reverse engineering scheme is based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory, and by designing a Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant (hereinafter referred to as L-R invariant), the linear superposition of the instantaneous eigenstates of the invariant provides a solution of a system Schrodinger equation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the traditional optical power divider in the aspects of high adjustment difficulty, complex manufacturing process and the like, the utility model provides the 6dB optical waveguide power divider system with better flexibility and higher degree of freedom.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the utility model is to provide a 6dB optical waveguide power divider system, a silicon substrate is covered with a silicon dioxide bottom cladding layer with the thickness of 3 mu m, two waveguide cores of benzocyclobutene material are arranged on the bottom cladding layer in parallel, one waveguide core is an input waveguide connected with a device for emitting incident light, the other waveguide core is an output waveguide connected with a device for receiving, detecting and emitting light, the height h of the waveguide core is 2.4 mu m, the length L is 2000 mu m, and the width b is 2 mu m; the spacing of the two waveguides d=b-log (Ω/Ω 0 )/α，Ω 0 Alpha is a propagation constant, and omega is a coupling efficiency; epoxy resin is coated on the bottom cladding layer and the waveguide core to form an upper cladding layer;
the coupling efficiency Ω satisfies the following differential equation set:
wherein:
γ, θ, and β are invariant parameters related to the waveguide propagation direction z, γ≡γ (z), θ≡θ (z), β≡β (z); delta is the mismatch constant and is used to determine,
Δ＝0；
γ(z)＝θ+c 1 sin(2θ)+c 2 sin(4θ)；
a1 A2, a3 and a4 are degrees of freedom coefficients, s=zl/L, ZL is the length of waveguide propagation, and L is the waveguide core length; c 1 ＝-1.12，
c 2 ＝0.84。
A preferred embodiment provides a 6dB optical waveguide power divider system with a degree of freedom coefficient a 1 ＝a 2 ＝a 3 ＝a 4 =0, coupling efficiency Ω=2pi/3L.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the remarkable characteristics that: compared with an optical power divider model provided by a method using a multilayer diaphragm, the utility model adopts a function form of free parameters theta and gamma in invariants meeting certain boundary conditions based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants theory and waveguide coupling theory in quantum heat insulation shortcut technology, and designs a coefficient a in the free parameters theta n The optical waveguide power divider has higher flexibility in structural design and strong adjustability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 6dB optical power divider according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
in the figure, 1. A silicon substrate; 2. a silicon dioxide bottom cladding layer; 3. an input waveguide; 4. an output waveguide; 5. and an upper cladding layer.
FIG. 2 shows the coefficient a of the invariant parameter θ in embodiment 1 of the present utility model 1 ＝0，a 2 ＝0，a 3 ＝0，a 4 6dB optical power divider when being=0Is a numerical simulation diagram of (1);
FIG. 3 shows the coefficient a of the invariant parameter θ in embodiment 2 of the present utility model 1 ＝0.048，a 2 ＝-0.054，a 3 ＝0.056，a 4 A numerical simulation diagram of a 6dB optical power divider at = -0.035.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a 6dB optical waveguide power divider system based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structure diagram of a 6dB optical power divider according to the present embodiment is provided; a silicon dioxide bottom cladding layer 2 with the thickness of 3 mu m is covered on a silicon substrate 1, two waveguide cores of benzocyclobutene material are arranged on the bottom cladding layer in parallel, one waveguide core is an input waveguide 3 connected with a device for emitting incident light, the other waveguide core is an output waveguide 4 connected with a device for receiving detection emergent light, the height h of the two waveguide cores is 2.4 mu m, the length L is 2000 mu m, and the width b is 2 mu m; the spacing of the two waveguides d=b-log (Ω/Ω 0 )/α，Ω 0 Alpha is a propagation constant, and omega is a coupling efficiency; epoxy resin is coated on the bottom cladding layer and the waveguide core to form an upper cladding layer 5. In this embodiment, the refractive index n=3.48 of silicon; refractive index n=1.46 of silica; the refractive index n=1.53 of BCB material, i.e. benzocyclobutene; epoxy materials, i.e., epoxy resins, have refractive indices n=1.5.
The coupling efficiency Ω in the present utility model satisfies the following differential equation set:
wherein:
γ, θ, and β are invariant parameters related to the waveguide propagation direction z, γ≡γ (z), θ≡θ (z), β≡β (z); delta is a mismatch constant, delta=0;
γ(z)＝θ+c 1 sin(2θ)+c 2 sin(4θ)；
a1 A2, a3 and a4 are degrees of freedom coefficients, s=zl/L, ZL is the length of waveguide propagation, and L is the waveguide core length; c 1 ＝-1.12，
c 2 ＝0.84。
The technical scheme of the utility model is based on the principle that:
since the waveguide coupling equation has similarity with the schrodinger equation of the two-level atomic system.
The waveguide coupling equation is:
where a+, a-represent two different waveguides, Ω is the coupling efficiency, Δ 1 Indicating the amount of detuning between propagation constants. The waveguide coupling equation of equation (1) above contains an operator like hamiltonian:
the waveguide coupling equation may correspond to a time-containing hamiltonian two-level system with an invariant I (t) set, where the invariant I (t) satisfies an invariant condition. Set the basis vector asUsing the rotation wave approximation, the schrodinger equation for this two-level system can be written as:
wherein, |ψ± (t)>Is the eigenstate of Hamiltonian quantity H (t),the Hamiltonian amount in the above may be written as
Wherein delta is 2 ＝Δ 2 (t) is the time-varying frequency mismatch, Ω R ＝Ω R (t) is the ratio frequency over time,is a phase that varies with time. Equation (1) corresponds to equation (3), and equation (2) corresponds to equation (4), so that the waveguide coupling system can be analogous to a two-level quantum system.
The invariant I (z) can be parameterized according to the waveguide coupling equation
Wherein θ≡θ (z) and β≡β (z) are invariant parameters related to z, and κ is a unit of mm -1 Is a constant of (c). By means of the invariant condition(s),obtain->And->Differential equation of (2)
Wherein a propagation mismatch constant Δ=0 is set.
The optical waveguide power divider system based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory is a 6dB optical power divider, 25% of output is input at the moment, namely P1=4P2, and the initial state of the system is set asThrough system evolution, obtain By using |phi + (z)>Obtaining boundary conditions of
θ(0)＝π，θ(L)＝π/3 (1)
Is a linear function (linear) and satisfies the boundary condition, and the invariant parameter theta (z) is designed as a function form with freedom degree
a n Is a coefficient, taken from the degree of freedom n=4, there is
Wherein s=z L /L，Z L Representing the waveguide propagation length.
θ takes a linear function and is set to satisfyDifferential equation of->The parameter gamma of (2) is
γ(z)＝θ+c 1 sin(2θ)+c 2 sin(4θ) (10)
Wherein the coefficient c is set 1 ＝-1.12，c 2 ＝0.84。
The waveguide spacing was d=b-log (Ω/Ω 0 ) Alpha, b is waveguide core width, omega is coupling efficiency, omega 0 The coupling coefficient is a constant related to the width of the waveguide core, the height of the waveguide core, the incident wavelength and the refractive index of the materials of each layer, and the alpha is a propagation constant and is only related to the width of the waveguide core, the incident wavelength and the refractive index of the materials of each layer. For a 6dB optical power divider, a functional form of parameters theta and gamma meeting boundary conditions is determined, and the parameters can be substituted into a formula (6) to solve the value of the coupling efficiency omega. The coupling efficiency Ω and thus the waveguide spacing D can be determined. Coefficient a when invariant parameter θ n When=0, Ω=pi/L for the directional coupler; for a 6dB optical power splitter Ω=2pi/3L. Therefore, by controlling the value of the waveguide spacing D, a 6dB optical power divider can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the coefficient a in the invariant parameter θ (z) 1 ＝0，a 2 ＝0，a 3 ＝0，a 4 When=0, the invariant parameter θ (z) does not increase the degree of freedom, and the coefficient c in γ (z) 1 ＝-1.12,c 2 =0.84, calculated according to the structure and correlation principle of the 6dB optical power divider: omega shape 0 ＝3.176×10 4 ，α＝8.996×10 5 ，Ω＝1.04×10 -3 Substituting the formula for the waveguide spacing yields d=6.56 μm. Referring to FIG. 2, the present embodiment provides the following invariant parametersCoefficient of θ is a 1 ＝0，a 2 ＝0，a 3 ＝0，a 4 When=0, a numerical simulation of the 6dB optical power divider.
Example 2
A6 dB optical power divider is constructed according to the technical scheme of the embodiment 1, when the coefficient in the invariant parameter theta (z) is a 1 ＝0.048，a 2 ＝-0.054，a 3 ＝0.056，a 4 At = -0.035, the invariant parameter θ (z) is increased by 4 degrees of freedom, 2 degrees of freedom in γ (z); the coefficients c1= -1.12, c2=0.84 in γ (z) are calculated according to the correlation principle in example 1: omega shape 0 ＝3.176×10 4 ，α＝8.996×10 5 ，Ω＝1.17×10 -3 Substituting the formula of waveguide spacing to calculate: d=6.51 μm. Referring to FIG. 3, the coefficient a in the invariant parameter θ (z) is taken for the present embodiment 1 ＝0.048，a 2 ＝-0.054，a 3 ＝0.056，a 4 A numerical simulation diagram of the 6dB optical power divider obtained by = -0.035.
The 6dB optical waveguide power divider system provided by the utility model utilizes the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory and the waveguide coupling theory in the quantum adiabatic shortcut technology, has more advantages compared with the traditional optical power divider in the aspect of designing the waveguide, and increases the degree of freedom in the invariant parameters, so that the 6dB optical power divider provided by the utility model has the advantages of high flexibility and strong adjustability.
Claims (2)
1. A 6dB optical waveguide power splitter system, characterized by: a silicon dioxide bottom cladding layer (2) with the thickness of 3 mu m is covered on a silicon substrate (1), two waveguide cores of benzocyclobutene material are arranged on the bottom cladding layer in parallel, one waveguide core is an input waveguide (3) connected with an incident light emitting device, the other waveguide core is an output waveguide (4) connected with a receiving detection emergent light emitting device, the height h of the waveguide core is 2.4 mu m, the length L is 2000 mu m, and the width b is 2 mu m; the spacing of the two waveguides d=b-log (Ω/Ω 0 )/α，Ω 0 Alpha is a propagation constant, and omega is a coupling efficiency; epoxy resin is coated on the bottom cladding layer and the waveguide core to form an upper cladding layer (5);
the coupling efficiency Ω satisfies the following differential equation set:
wherein:
γ, θ, and β are invariant parameters related to the waveguide propagation direction z, γ≡γ (z), θ≡θ (z), β≡β (z); delta is a mismatch constant, delta=0;
2(z)＝θ+c 1 sin(2θ)+c 2 sin(4θ)；
a 1 ，a 2 ，a 3 ，a 4 s=z as a degree of freedom coefficient L /L，Z L The length of waveguide propagation is L, and the length of waveguide core is L; c 1 ＝-1.12，c 2 ＝0.84。
2. A 6dB optical waveguide power splitter system according to claim 1, characterized in that: coefficient of freedom a 1 ＝a 2 ＝a 3 ＝a 4 =0, coupling efficiency Ω=2pi/3L.
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