CN220408723U

CN220408723U - Mechanical arm, robot and industrial production system

Info

Publication number: CN220408723U
Application number: CN202220593525.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张秀坤; 黄善灯; 谢朝钦; 潘鲁锋
Original assignee: Noahtron Intelligence Medtech Hangzhou Co Ltd
Current assignee: Noahtron Intelligence Medtech Hangzhou Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-03-07
Filing date: 2022-03-17
Publication date: 2024-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2032-03-17
Also published as: CN220404114U; CN114711966A; CN114654447A; WO2023168967A1; CN220404113U

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanical arm, a robot and an industrial production system, wherein the mechanical arm comprises a movable platform, a static platform and at least three branched chains respectively connected with the movable platform and the static platform, each branched chain comprises a connecting rod and a moving rod connected with the connecting rod, the connecting rod is rotationally connected with the static platform, and the moving rod is rotationally connected with the movable platform; the mechanical arm further comprises a rotary driving assembly, the connecting rod is provided with a connecting fulcrum connected with the rotary driving assembly, the rotary driving assembly drives the connecting rod to rotate around the first rotary axis by taking the connecting fulcrum as a force action point, the connecting fulcrum is arranged between two ends of the connecting rod, the connecting fulcrum is positioned between two ends of the connecting rod, namely, the connecting fulcrum is positioned at the non-end part of the connecting rod, so that unbalanced moment generated by the dead weight of the branched chain, the movable platform and the load gravity is partially or completely balanced because the connecting fulcrum is positioned at the non-end part.

Description

Mechanical arm, robot and industrial production system

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of medical instruments or industrial equipment, and in particular relates to a mechanical arm, a robot and an industrial production system.

Background

The birth of the minimally invasive surgery overcomes the defects of large wound, large bleeding amount, more complications, large surgical risk and the like in the traditional surgery to a great extent. The minimally invasive surgery can be performed more accurately and stably by assisting a doctor with the surgical robot, and the safety of the surgery is greatly improved. Minimally invasive surgery is becoming a new field of current medical research and clinical application because of the rapid development in recent years, which is favored by medical staff and patients.

The surgical robot mainly comprises a driven arm, a driving arm and an executing assembly, wherein the driven arm is arranged on a supporting upright post, the driving arm is arranged at the front end of the driven arm, and the executing assembly is arranged at the front end of the driving arm. In the operation process, a doctor controls the driven arm and the driving arm through the operation table, so that the aim of controlling the execution assembly to perform operation is fulfilled.

Although the surgical robot brings great convenience for the medical staff to perform the surgical operation, the traditional surgical robot still has a plurality of limitations in clinical manifestations and cannot completely meet the use requirements. For example, the passive arm and the active arm are usually in a series structure, so that the defects of gradual increment of errors, relatively low rigidity and precision exist, and the problems of poor stress, complex structure, high energy consumption and the like exist under a heavy load. For another example, the driving arm adopts a six-branched-chain parallel arm, and is similar to a Stewart platform, so that the movement range of the moving platform is small and the interference is easy; the self-weight is great, the stress is poor, the structure is complex and the energy consumption is high under the heavy load.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a robot arm with at least three parallel branched chains and a robot with the same, which solves at least one technical problem existing in the prior art. Although the foregoing lists several problems in the prior art, it is not meant that the solution of the present disclosure must solve all of the above problems simultaneously.

In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions:

in one aspect of the disclosure, a mechanical arm is provided, the mechanical arm comprises a movable platform, a static platform and at least three branched chains respectively connected with the movable platform and the static platform, the branched chains comprise a connecting rod and a moving rod connected with the connecting rod, the connecting rod is rotationally connected with the static platform, and the moving rod is rotationally connected with the movable platform; the mechanical arm further comprises a rotary driving assembly, the connecting rod is provided with a connecting fulcrum connected with the rotary driving assembly, the rotary driving assembly drives the connecting rod to rotate around a first rotation axis by taking the connecting fulcrum as a force acting point, and the connecting fulcrum is arranged between two ends of the connecting rod.

According to the mechanical arm with the parallel structure, the connecting fulcrums are arranged between the two ends of the connecting rod, so that unbalanced moment generated by the dead weight of the branched chain, the movable platform and the load gravity is partially or completely balanced due to the fact that the connecting fulcrums are positioned at the non-end parts, and at least partial dead weight balance is realized in a self-gravity compensation mode; on the other hand, under the condition of compensating gravity through the rotary driving assembly, the output force arm of the rotary driving assembly is reduced, so that the output torque is reduced; therefore, the loss of the rotary driving assembly on self gravity compensation is reduced, and the loading capacity of the mechanical arm is improved.

In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the connection fulcrum is disposed between a midpoint of the connecting rod and an end of the connecting rod away from the movable platform. So set up, through setting up the connection fulcrum to keeping away from relatively moving the platform, avoid moving the distance between platform and the quiet platform too little, lead to taking place to interfere between the two, avoid the overall dimension of arm too big simultaneously. Under the condition of realizing partial gravity self-balancing, interference between the rear end of the branched chain and the static platform is further avoided.

Optionally, the branched chain has two rotational degrees of freedom relative to the static platform, one of the two rotational degrees of freedom is achieved by a rotational drive assembly driving the connecting rod, the other of the two rotational degrees of freedom is achieved by a second rotational axis about which the connecting rod is located, the first rotational axis intersecting the second rotational axis. So set up, can realize the rotation of branch chain for quiet platform through rotary drive subassembly for the branch chain can rotate around first axis of rotation, also can rotate around the second axis of rotation, and rotate around first axis of rotation and do not have the interference around the rotation of second axis of rotation, make the branch chain can smoothly rotate. On the other hand, by arranging that the connecting fulcrum is located on the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis, partial self-gravity balance is realized in the direction perpendicular to the second rotation axis, and under the condition of movement of the branched chain, the self-gravity of the branched chain is further balanced, so that the output moment of the rotary driving assembly is reduced.

In particular, the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis are mutually perpendicular. So set up, the branch chain can realize two degrees of freedom of rotation around first axis of rotation and second axis of rotation, realizes the rotation of great scope, simple structure is difficult for mutual interference.

Further, the connecting rod is rotationally connected with the static platform through a first connecting component, the rotary driving component is arranged on the static platform, the first connecting component is connected with the rotary driving component through a first rotary shaft and rotationally connected with the connecting pivot through a second rotary shaft, the rotary axis of the first rotary shaft is coincident with the first rotary axis, and the rotary axis of the second rotary shaft is coincident with the second rotary axis. By arranging the rotary driving assembly on the static platform, the dead weight of the moving platform can be reduced, so that the driving load of the rotary driving assembly is reduced, and the loading capacity of the mechanical arm is improved.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, a connecting seat is arranged around the connecting rod, the connecting seat comprises a support plate extending along the axial direction of the connecting rod and side plates connected to two sides of the support plate, connecting fulcrums are respectively arranged on the side plates on two sides, and the connecting rod is connected with the first connecting assembly through the connecting seat. So set up, through set up the connecting seat between connecting rod and first coupling assembling, increased the area of contact between connecting seat and the branched chain, improved the joint strength between first coupling assembling and the branched chain, under the condition of first coupling assembling output effort, improved joint strength and connection stability between the two.

Optionally, the support plate is provided with a hollowed-out part; so can reduce the weight of branched chain, perhaps, the mounting panel is established the connecting rod is in the one side of static platform dorsad, so set up, the position of connection fulcrum can set up according to actual need to further improved the commonality of branched chain, can make full use of and arrange the space, avoid taking place to interfere with between the static platform.

Specifically, the connection fulcrum is arranged between two ends of the side plate along the axial direction of the connecting rod, and the arrangement is such that the distribution of the acting force is more balanced under the condition that the first connecting component outputs the acting force.

Further, the rotary driving assembly comprises a first driving motor, the first connecting assembly comprises a first connecting support, the first connecting support is arranged between the static platform and the branched chain, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are respectively arranged at two ends of the first connecting support, the first connecting support is connected with an output shaft of the first driving motor through the first rotating shaft, and a second end of the first connecting support is connected to the connecting pivot. By arranging the first connecting bracket, the transmission of the rotary driving force between the first driving motor and the branched chain is realized; on the other hand, the first connecting bracket is arranged between the static platform and the branched chain, so that the space structure of the mechanical arm is further optimized, and the whole volume of the mechanical arm is smaller.

Further alternatively, the first connecting bracket is a U-shaped bracket, the U-shaped bracket includes two legs respectively located at opposite ends of the U-shaped bracket and a bottom connecting shaft, an opening of the U-shaped bracket faces the connecting rod, the two legs are respectively connected with the connecting pivot in a rotating manner, and the bottom connecting shaft is connected with the rotary driving assembly. So set up, set up to U type support through first linking bridge, improved the connection stability between first linking bridge and the branched chain.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first rotation axis intersects the second rotation axis at intersection points o, each of the intersection points o being uniformly arranged on and around a first circumference, one of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis being arranged along a radial direction of the first circumference, and the other of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis being arranged along a tangential direction of the first circumference. So set up, evenly arrange on first circumference through crossing point o, can make the branching evenly arrange on first circumference, the structure is more stable, and the atress distributes more balanced.

Optionally, the number of the branched chains is three, and the three branched chains are arranged in a regular triangle around the first circumference. Through setting up the branched chain into regular triangle for the structure is more stable, and the atress distributes more evenly, and when the arm is arranged along the horizontal direction, can make the gravity of branched chain, movable platform and load actuating mechanism distribute in three branched chains as far as possible, and rotation drive subassembly functional loss is little.

Specifically, the mechanical arm further comprises a moving driving assembly, the moving driving assembly is used for moving the moving rod relative to the connecting rod, the moving driving assembly is arranged at one end, far away from the moving platform, of the connecting rod, and at least one part of the moving driving assembly is located at one side, far away from the moving platform, of the connecting pivot. The movable platform is arranged on one side of the connecting pivot far away from the movable platform, and the movable driving assembly has the function of balancing weights and further balances the moment generated by the dead weight of the branched chain, the movable platform and the load gravity.

Further, the branched chain has at least two degrees of freedom of rotation relative to the movable platform, or the rotary driving assembly is arranged on the static platform, or the branched chain is three. The movable platform can rotate and move freely relative to the static platform, so that the executing assembly arranged on the movable platform can be flexibly controlled.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the rotary driving assembly includes a first driving motor, an output shaft of which is connected with the first rotary shaft. The output shaft of the first driving motor is connected with the first rotating shaft, and the transmission of the first driving motor to the rotating driving force of the branched chain is realized.

Optionally, the rotary driving assembly further comprises a worm gear assembly, the first driving motor transmits the rotary driving force to the first connecting assembly through the worm gear assembly, the worm gear assembly comprises a worm wheel and a worm which are meshed with each other, the worm wheel is fixedly connected with the first rotating shaft, and the worm is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the first driving motor in a coaxial mode. The first driving motor is connected with the first connecting assembly through the worm and gear assembly, the transmission ratio between the first driving motor and the branched chain can be changed, the torque force of power transmission is improved, the load capacity of the mechanical arm is improved, and the worm and gear assembly has a self-locking function, so that the operation reliability of the mechanical arm is further improved.

Specifically, the rotary driving assembly further comprises a harmonic reducer, the harmonic reducer is connected between the first driving motor and the first connecting assembly, the rotary driving assembly further comprises a driving wheel and a driven wheel which receives rotary driving force from the driving wheel, the driving wheel is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the first driving motor, and the driven wheel is coaxially and fixedly connected with a wave generator of the harmonic reducer. The device is arranged in such a way, the transmission ratio between the rotary driving motor and the first connecting bracket can be changed through the harmonic reducer, and the torque is amplified, so that the torque applied to the branched chain is increased, the driving torque is improved, and the load capacity of the movable platform is improved.

Further optionally, the rotary driving assembly comprises a linear driving assembly, the linear driving assembly is arranged on one side, far away from the movable platform, of the static platform, the linear driving assembly is rotationally connected with the connecting rod through a third connecting assembly, and the third connecting assembly is arranged on one side, far away from the movable platform, of the static platform. The linear driving assembly is arranged in such a way that the linear driving assembly can partially or completely balance the dead weight of the branched chain, the moment generated by the movable platform and the load gravity, and the load capacity of the mechanical arm is improved.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a robot is provided, the robot comprising the mechanical arm as described above.

Optionally, the robot further comprises a base and a control arm mounted on the base, the mechanical arm is connected to the control arm, and the first rotation axis corresponding to at least one branched chain of the mechanical arm extends along a horizontal direction. The first rotation axis corresponding to one of the branched chains extends along the horizontal direction, so that the direction of the output torque of the corresponding rotary driving assembly of the branched chain is along the tangential direction and opposite to the gravity direction, and the output torque is used for compensating gravity, so that the power loss of the rotary assembly is reduced to the maximum extent, and the overall load capacity of the mechanical arm is improved. By the arrangement, the gravity of the branched chain, the movable platform and the load actuating mechanism arranged on the movable platform is uniformly distributed on each branched chain as much as possible, so that the large difference of the load among all the rotary driving components is avoided, and the load balancing capacity of all the rotary components is improved.

Further, the mechanical arm further comprises an executing assembly arranged on the movable platform, the robot comprises at least two mechanical arms, a processing space is formed between the at least two mechanical arms, and the executing assemblies of the at least two mechanical arms are arranged towards the processing space. So set up, the robot that this disclosure provided can have a plurality of arms, and a plurality of arms cooperate to can improve the work efficiency of robot.

Specifically, the robot comprises five mechanical arms, wherein four mechanical arms face each other around the processing space in the same plane, and the other mechanical arms are arranged perpendicular to the plane.

The present disclosure provides for an exemplary embodiment wherein the robot is a surgical robot or an industrial robot.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an industrial production system is provided, the industrial production system includes a processing chamber and the robot as described above, a through hole is formed in a cavity wall of the processing chamber, the mechanical arm further includes an execution assembly mounted on the movable platform, and one end of the execution assembly extends into the processing chamber through the through hole. Through setting up the part of waiting to process in the processing chamber, the execution subassembly stretches into the processing chamber through the through-hole and waits to process the part of waiting to process for operating personnel can carry out the operation under the circumstances that separates with waiting to process the part, can improve the security of operation process.

Optionally, a sealing element is arranged on the through hole, and the sealing element is in sealing connection with the execution assembly. By providing the sealing member, leakage of toxic and harmful gas or dust in the processing chamber can be avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1A is a schematic structural view of a mechanical arm according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a rotational drive assembly arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram of a force analysis of a branch in a robotic arm according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 1D is another schematic structural view of a robotic arm according to a first embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 1E is a front view of the robotic arm of FIG. 1D in a laterally disposed state;

FIG. 1F is a side view of the robotic arm of FIG. 1D in a laterally disposed state;

fig. 1G, 1H, and 1I are schematic views of an arrangement of an execution assembly rotation driving section in a robot arm according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of a robotic arm according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2B is a schematic partial structural view of a robotic arm according to a second embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3A is an exemplary structural schematic diagram of a robotic arm according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3B is a partially exploded schematic illustration of a robotic arm according to a third embodiment of the disclosure;

Fig. 4A is a diagram showing a specific structural example of a robot arm according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4B is a schematic view of a partial structure of the robotic arm shown in FIG. 4A;

fig. 5A is a schematic structural view of a robot arm according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5B is a front view in a state in which a robot arm is laterally arranged according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5C is a side view in a state in which a robot arm according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure is laterally arranged;

fig. 6 is a specific structural schematic diagram of a robot arm according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a robot arm according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8A is a schematic structural view of a mechanical arm according to an eighth embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8B is a schematic view of a partial structure of a rotary drive assembly of a robotic arm according to an eighth embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 8C is a schematic structural view of a second connection assembly of a mechanical arm according to an eighth embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9A is a schematic structural view of a surgical robot according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9B is a schematic view of a console of a surgical robot according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10A to 10D are schematic views of other types of robots according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

Reference numerals illustrate:

100. a base; 200. a column; 300. an adjustment assembly; 400. a mechanical arm; 500. an execution component; 510. telecentric dead point; 600. partition walls; 610. a workpiece; 701. a slide block; 702. a slide rail; 801. a spin column; 802. a column base; 1100. a movable platform; 1200. a static platform; 1300. a branched chain; 1310. a connecting rod; 1320. a moving rod; 1400. a second connection assembly; 1500. a first connection assembly; 1510. a U-shaped bracket; 1600. a rotary drive assembly; 1700. an angle measuring device; 2110. a load rotation drive assembly; 2120. a sensor; 2210. a support plate; 2220. a connecting plate; 2230. a bottom plate; 2240. a motor base; 2520. a connecting seat; 3610. a rotary drive motor; 3620. a worm; 3630. a worm wheel; 3640. a support base; 4340. a telescoping drive assembly; 4610. a rotary drive motor; 4620. a driving wheel; 4630. driven wheel; 4650. a harmonic reducer; 7800. a third connection assembly; 8410. a shaft end pressing plate; 8420. a nut; 8430. a second connection block; 8450. a fourth connecting block; 8610. a rotary drive motor; 8620. a motor mounting seat; 8630. a rotation stopping plate; 8640. spherical hinge; 8641. ball head; 8642. a ball seat; 8650. a guide rod; 8800. a third connection assembly; 8810. a third connecting block; 8820. a bushing; 8830. a third pivot shaft; 8900. and a mechanical arm connecting seat.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present disclosure and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides a robotic arm for a robot, the robotic arm comprising at least three parallel branches and a moving platform and a stationary platform respectively connected with the branches, the robotic arm being applicable to surgical robots or industrial robots. By mounting an actuating assembly, such as a surgical instrument, spray head or welding head, on the movable platform, a surgical operation, a spray operation, a welding operation, or the like may be performed. In particular, in the case of application to surgical robots, flexible control by robotic arms enables doctors to perform complex surgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner. In the following examples, the mechanical arm including three parallel branches is described in detail as applied to a surgical robot, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

The mechanical arm provided by the disclosure adopts the parallel arrangement of at least three branched chains, so that transmission errors of the branched chains are not accumulated and transferred, the phenomenon of partial mutual offset is realized, the control precision and rigidity of the mechanical arm are improved, and the defects of progressive increase of errors, low rigidity and relatively low precision of a serial structure are avoided. As one preferable, three branched chains are provided, and the possibility of motion interference between the branched chains and the dynamic and static platforms is reduced to the greatest extent, so that the motion range of the mechanism is widened to the greatest extent and the convenience of installation is improved to the greatest extent.

As shown in fig. 1A, a mechanical arm 1000 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure includes a movable platform 1100, a stationary platform 1200, and three branches 1300 connected in parallel with the movable platform 1100 and the stationary platform 1200. The branched chain 1300 has two rotational degrees of freedom with respect to the stationary stage 1200 and at least two rotational degrees of freedom with respect to the movable stage 1100.

As an example, the robot arm 1000 may have a 3UPS structure in which U refers to a connection mechanism having two degrees of freedom such as a hook hinge (or referred to as a cross hinge), P refers to a connection mechanism having one degree of freedom such as a kinematic pair, and S refers to a connection mechanism having three degrees of freedom such as a ball hinge. As another example, the robot arm 1000 may also have a 3UCU structure, where C refers to a connection mechanism having two degrees of freedom in directions, such as a cylindrical pair.

Fig. 1A shows an example in which the robot arm 1000 has a 3UPS structure, and the branched chain 1300 is connected to the stationary platform 1200 through the first connection assembly 1500 and connected to the movable platform 1100 through the second connection assembly 1400. The first coupling assembly 1500 has two rotation axes that intersect each other perpendicularly, and the second coupling assembly 1400 has at least two rotation axes that intersect each other perpendicularly. The first connection assembly 1500 may be implemented by a hook hinge such that the branched chain 1300 has two rotational degrees of freedom with respect to the stationary platform 1200. The second link assembly 1400 may be implemented by a spherical hinge (as shown in fig. 1A) or may be implemented by a hook hinge and a bearing forming a composite spherical hinge (as shown in fig. 1D), so that the branched chain 1300 has three degrees of rotational freedom with respect to the movable platform 1100. Under the condition that three rotational degrees of freedom are realized by using the composite spherical hinge, compared with the spherical hinge, the spherical hinge has larger rotational angle and stronger bearing capacity.

The branched chain 1300 includes a connection rod 1310 and a moving rod 1320 connected to the connection rod 1310, and the moving rod 1320 can be telescopically moved and/or rotated with respect to the connection rod 1310. The branched chain 1300 may be implemented by a linear electric cylinder in the prior art, and is connected to the stationary platform 1200 through an electric cylinder bracket. The branched chain 1300 may also be realized by a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, etc., or by a screw assembly plus a rotary driving motor.

In order to control the pose of the movable platform 1100, each branched chain 1300 has two drives, namely a movement drive and a rotation drive, a movement drive assembly may be disposed on the branched chain 1300 for driving the branched chain 1300 to perform telescopic movement, and a rotation drive assembly may be disposed on the static platform 1200 for driving the branched chain 1300 to rotate relative to the static platform 1200, and the movement drive assembly and the rotation drive assembly drive each branched chain 1300 to stretch and/or rotate, so as to drive the movable platform 1100 to perform six-degree-of-freedom movement relative to the static platform 1200. In an example of the present disclosure, the rotational driving is achieved by a first driving motor; the branched chain 1300 is realized by a linear electric cylinder, and a servo motor in the linear electric cylinder is used as a moving driving component and is integrated with the branched chain 1300 into a whole structure. Because each branched chain 1300 is independently driven, the response time length and the movement error of a plurality of branched chains 1300 are not accumulated and transmitted, so that the mechanical arm can realize the accurate control of an execution assembly and improve the safety in the operation process. The connection between the branches and the stationary platform and between them and the rotary drive assembly is described in detail below.

As shown in fig. 1A to 1B and 1D, the connection rod 1310 is provided with a connection fulcrum connected to the rotation driving assembly 1600, and the rotation driving assembly 1600 drives the connection rod 1310 to rotate about the first rotation axis 1301 with the connection fulcrum as a force application point. The connecting pivot is arranged between the two axial ends of the connecting rod 1310, and the connecting pivot is arranged between the two ends of the connecting rod 1310, so that unbalanced moment generated by the self weight of the branched chain 1300, the movable platform 1100 and the gravity of the load is partially or completely balanced because the connecting pivot is positioned at the non-end part, and at least partial self weight force balance is realized in a self weight compensation mode; on the other hand, under the condition of compensating gravity through the rotary driving assembly, the output force arm of the rotary driving assembly is reduced, so that the output torque is reduced; therefore, the loss of the rotary driving assembly on self gravity compensation is reduced, and the loading capacity of the mechanical arm is improved.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection fulcrum is disposed between a midpoint of the connection rod 1310 and an end of the connection rod 1310 remote from the movable platform 1100. By setting the connection pivot to be relatively far away from the movable platform 1100, the distance between the movable platform 1100 and the static platform 1200 is prevented from being too small, interference between the movable platform 1100 and the static platform 1200 is prevented from being caused, and meanwhile, the mechanical arm is prevented from being oversized. Interference between the rear end of the branched chain 1300 and the stationary platform 1200 is further avoided in the case of realizing partial gravity self-balancing.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a moving driving assembly may be disposed at an end of the connection rod 1310 remote from the moving platform 1100, and at least a portion of the moving driving assembly is located at a side of the connection fulcrum remote from the moving platform 1100. The movable driving assembly is arranged on one side of the connecting pivot far away from the movable platform 1100, so that the movable driving assembly has the function of balancing weights, and the moment generated by the dead weight of the branched chain, the movable platform and the load gravity is further balanced.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, one of two rotational degrees of freedom of the branched chain 1300 relative to the stationary platform 1200 is achieved by the rotation of the rotation driving assembly driving the connecting rod 1310 about the first rotation axis 1301, and the other of the two rotational degrees of freedom is achieved by the connecting rod 1310 about the second rotation axis 1302 where the connecting fulcrum is located, and the first rotation axis 1301 intersects the second rotation axis 1302. So set up, can realize the rotation of branch chain 1300 for quiet platform through rotatory drive assembly for the branch chain 1300 can rotate around first axis of rotation 1301, also can rotate around second axis of rotation 1302, and rotate around first axis of rotation 1301 and rotate around second axis of rotation 1302 and do not have the interference, make the branch chain can smoothly rotate. On the other hand, by providing such that the connection fulcrum is located on the second rotation axis 1302, partial self-gravity balance is achieved in a direction perpendicular to the second rotation axis 1302, and in the case where the branched chain moves, the self-gravity of the branched chain or the like is further balanced, thereby reducing the output torque of the rotary drive assembly.

The first rotation axis 1301 and the second rotation axis 1302 intersect at an intersection point o, each intersection point o is on the same circle (hereinafter referred to as a first circle), and the three branched chains 1300 are uniformly distributed around the movable platform 1100 and the static platform 1200 along the circumferential direction of the first circle. Each of the intersecting points o is uniformly arranged around the first circumference on the first circumference, one of the first rotation axis 1301 and the second rotation axis 1302 is arranged along a radial direction of the first circumference, and the other of the first rotation axis 1301 and the second rotation axis 1302 is arranged along a tangential direction of the first circumference. The arrangement can make the branched chain evenly arranged on the first circumference, the structure is more stable, the stress distribution is more balanced, and when the mechanical arm is arranged along the horizontal direction, the gravity of the branched chain, the movable platform and the load executing mechanism can be evenly distributed on the three branched chains as much as possible, and the power loss of the rotary driving assembly is small.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first rotation axis 1301 and the second rotation axis 1302 are perpendicular to each other. So set up, the branched chain can realize the rotation of great scope around first axis of rotation 1301 and second axis of rotation 1302, realizes two degrees of freedom of rotation, and simple structure is difficult for the mutual interference. In this case, the benefit is greatest when the stationary platen 1200 is mounted vertically, i.e., the normal of the stationary platen 1200 is parallel to the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, the stationary platform 1200 may be mounted at any angle with respect to the horizontal plane, which greatly widens the application range of the mechanical arm of the present disclosure.

Fig. 1C shows a schematic force analysis of a branched chain 1300 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1C, the branched chain 1300 is represented by a straight line AB, and the point o represents the intersection o of the first rotation axis 1301 and the second rotation axis 1302, that is, the branched chain 1300 is swingable around the intersection o. Assuming that the center of gravity of the branched chain 1300 is C, the gravity of the branched chain 1300 is G1, and G1 acts on the center of gravity C of the branched chain 1300. Since the mechanical arm is generally inclined in use, when the intersection o is not coincident with the center of gravity C of the branched chain 1300 and the intersection o is located on a side of the center of gravity C away from the movable platform 1100, the gravity G1 applies a torque G1×l1 to the intersection o, the movable platform 1100 applies a gravity force G2 to the point a and a load force G2 applies a torque G2×l2 to the intersection o, and in order to balance the branched chain 1300, the rotary driving assembly 1600 needs to provide a torque T satisfying t=g1×l1+g2×l2, and the direction of the torque T is opposite to the direction of the torque provided by the gravity G1. Alternatively, referring to fig. 1C, the center of gravity C provides a clockwise torque with respect to the intersection o, and the torque T is a counterclockwise torque, but not limited thereto.

Whether the intersection o will be chosen at point C depends on the load capacity of the motor and the interference situation of the parts. According to the mechanical arm disclosed by the embodiment of the disclosure, the position of the intersection point o is reasonably set, so that partial self-weight balance can be realized when the static platform is obliquely installed. The optimal range of the intersection point o is selected through an algorithm, and in the optimal range, the movable platform 1100 has the degree of freedom of a relatively optimal range, the interference of the branched chain at the end of the static platform relative to the static platform is small, and a certain dead weight balance effect is achieved. Therefore, according to the mechanical arm 1000 of the present disclosure, the load balance of the branched structure is better improved than the prior art.

According to the mechanical arm 1000 of the first embodiment of the present disclosure, in actual use, when the stationary platform 1200 forms an angle with the horizontal plane, it is preferable to arrange in the manner shown in fig. 1E and 1F, that is, the rotation axis of one of the first connection assemblies 1500 connected to the rotation driving assembly 1600 is always in a horizontal state, in this embodiment, the first rotation axis of the first connection assembly 1500 extends horizontally, and the second rotation axis extends longitudinally. By the arrangement mode, the gravity of the branched chain 1300, the movable platform 1100 and the load executing mechanism arranged on the movable platform 1100 are uniformly distributed on the three branched chains 1300 as much as possible, the power loss of the rotary driving assembly 1600 on the static platform 1200 is minimum, and the stability of the whole mechanical arm is better.

Optionally, the connection fulcra of the movable platform 1100 and the three branches 1300 are also located on the same circle, hereinafter referred to as a second circle. Preferably, the diameter of the second circle is preferably smaller than that of the first circle, so that the dead weight of the movable platform 1100 and the front end size of the mechanical arm can be reduced, the output torque of the rotary driving motor can be reduced, and the load and control flexibility of the mechanical arm can be improved.

As shown in fig. 1A, a mechanical arm 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application, a rotary driving assembly 1600 is mounted on a stationary platform 1200 and is connected to a branched chain 1300 through a first connection assembly 1500. In the present embodiment, the first connection assembly 1500 has a first rotation shaft whose rotation axis coincides with the first rotation axis 1301 and a second rotation shaft whose rotation axis coincides with the second rotation axis 1302. The first link assembly 1500 is connected to the rotary drive assembly 1600 through a first rotation shaft, and is connected to the branched chain 1300 through a second rotation shaft. In this embodiment, the first rotation axis extends along the radial direction of the first circle, and the second rotation axis extends along the tangential direction of the first circle. The rotation driving unit 1600 is provided on the stationary stage 1200 inside the first circle, and transmits a rotation driving force to the branched chain 1300 through the second rotation shaft by being connected to the first rotation shaft, thereby driving the branched chain 1300 to rotate with respect to the stationary stage 1200. By mounting the rotary drive assembly 1600 on the stationary platform 1200, the dead weight and the moment of inertia of the moving part are reduced as much as possible, the load on the moving platform 1100 is reduced, the control effect of the mechanical arm is improved, the stability of the mechanical arm is higher, and the kinetic energy consumption is reduced; the robot arm 1000 can withstand a larger load than the existing robot employing the robot arm of the serial structure.

Further, the rotary drive assembly is disposed inside the branched chain 1300, specifically, the rotary drive assembly 1600 is disposed radially inside the branched chain 1300 with respect to the first circle described above. So set up, compare with the structure that sets up rotary drive subassembly in the outside of branched chain, can reduce the size of quiet platform, reduce the occupation space of arm, avoid mutual interference between a plurality of arms of robot to improve the flexibility of operation of arm.

The rotary driving assembly 1600 includes a first driving motor, and the first connecting assembly 1500 includes a first connecting bracket disposed between the stationary platen 1200 and the branched chain 1300. The transmission of the rotational driving force between the first driving motor and the branched chain 1300 is realized through the first connection bracket, and the structure of the branched chain 1300 is simplified under the condition that two rotational degrees of freedom of the branched chain 1300 are realized.

As an example, in the case of taking the first circle as a reference, the first connection bracket extends substantially along the radial direction of the first circle, the first rotation shaft is provided at a first end of the first connection bracket, the first end of the first connection bracket is connected to the output shaft of the first driving motor through the first rotation shaft, the first end is a radial inner end of the first connection bracket, the second rotation shaft is provided at a second end of the first connection bracket, the second end of the first connection bracket is connected to the connection fulcrum through the second rotation shaft, the second end is a radial outer end of the first connection bracket, and the branched chain 1300 is combined with the second rotation shaft through the connection fulcrum so as to be connected to a radial outer end of the first connection bracket. By arranging the first connecting bracket, the transmission of the rotary driving force between the first driving motor and the branched chain is realized; on the other hand, the first connecting bracket is arranged between the static platform and the branched chain, so that the space structure of the mechanical arm is further optimized, and the whole volume of the mechanical arm is smaller.

In the example shown in fig. 1A, the first connection bracket includes a U-shaped bracket 1510 and a pin shaft, the opening of the U-shaped bracket 1510 faces the connection rod 1310, two legs at one end of the U-shaped bracket 1510 are disposed at both sides of the connection rod 1310, and are connected to the connection rod 1310 through the pin shaft, which may be used as the second rotation shaft of the first connection assembly 1500 in this embodiment. The other end of the U-shaped bracket is provided with a bottom connecting shaft, and the bottom connecting shaft is used as a first rotating shaft and is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a first driving motor arranged on the static platform 1200 and used for applying a rotating driving force to the U-shaped bracket, so that the U-shaped bracket can rotate around the first rotating shaft, and the U-shaped bracket drives the branched chain to rotate around a first rotating axis 1301 relative to the static platform 1200. By adopting the U-shaped bracket 1510, the rotary driving assembly 1600 is stably connected with the branched chain 1300, the structure is simple, larger torque can be transmitted to the branched chain, and the loading capacity of the mechanical arm is improved.

With continued reference to fig. 1A, the mechanical arm according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure further includes an angle measurement device 1700 for measuring a rotational angle of the branched chain 1300 with respect to one of two rotational degrees of freedom of the stationary platform 1200, and a rotational driving assembly 1600 for driving rotation of the branched chain 1300 with respect to the other of the two rotational degrees of freedom of the stationary platform 1200.

The angle measurement device 1700 is mounted on the branched chain 1300, or mounted on the first connection assembly 1500, and can directly obtain the rotation angle of the branched chain 1300 relative to the static platform 1200, thereby reducing errors caused in the operation process and the process of indirectly obtaining the rotation angle of the branched chain. The angle measurement device 1700 may be mounted on one of two rotational shafts of the first coupling assembly 1500. In this embodiment, as shown in the drawings, the angle measurement device 1700 is disposed on the second rotation axis for measuring the rotation angle of the branched chain 1300 around the second rotation axis, and the straight double arrow in fig. 1A shows the extension and contraction direction of the branched chain 1300.

In the example shown in fig. 1A and 1D, the angle measurement device 1700 is an angle encoder for recording the rotation angle of the branched chain 1300 about the second rotation axis. The rotary drive assembly 1600 may itself be provided with an angle measurement function capable of outputting a measurement of the angle of rotation of the branched chain 1300 relative to the stationary platform 1200 about the first axis of rotation. The linear cylinder on the branched chain 1300 can output the displacement amount of the branched moving rod 1320 with respect to the connecting rod 1310. According to the mechanical arm provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the rotation angle of the branched chain around the second rotation axis is measured by using the angle measuring device, the rotation angle of the branched chain around the first rotation axis is obtained by the rotation driving assembly, and the translational displacement of the branched chain is obtained by the movement driving assembly, so that the kinematic positive solution of the mechanical arm can be determined uniquely in real time through an algorithm, and the problem of difficulty in solving the positive kinematic positive solution of the mechanical arm is solved.

Fig. 1D illustrates another exemplary embodiment according to the present disclosure, in which a load rotation driving assembly 2110 is further provided on the movable platform 1100 on the basis of the robot arm of the foregoing embodiment, for driving the load (actuating assembly) to rotate about the normal line of the movable platform 1100 with respect to the movable platform 1100. By further providing the load rotation driving unit 2110 on the movable platform 1100, the rotation angle of the actuator can be further increased, and the control flexibility and the spatial freedom of the actuator can be improved. Particularly, in the case where the rotation angle of the movable platform 1100 in the Z-axis direction is small, the load rotation driving unit 2110 is provided, so that the control flexibility of the load can be greatly improved.

For example, in the mechanical arm shown in fig. 1D, the branched chain 1300 is connected to the movable platform 1100 through a spherical hinge, the spherical hinge in this embodiment is a composite spherical hinge formed by combining a hook hinge and a bearing, and the movable platform 1100 can have a larger movement range relative to the static platform 1200, but the movement range of the movable platform 1100 around the normal line of the movable platform is smaller, so that the rotation angle of the actuating assembly around the normal line direction (Z-axis direction) of the platform 1100 is smaller, and by providing the load rotation driving assembly 2110 between the movable platform 1100 and the actuating assembly, the movement range of the actuating assembly around the normal line direction of the platform 9100 can be increased, and the application range of the mechanical arm is further widened.

The load rotation drive assembly 2110 may be provided on a mobile platform. As an example, the load rotation drive assembly 2110 may be provided on a side of the movable platform 1100 facing away from the stationary platform 1200. Alternatively, the load rotation driving assembly 2110 may be disposed between the execution assembly and the movable platform 1100, but is not limited thereto. Referring to fig. 1G, 1H and 1I, schematic diagrams of a load rotation drive assembly 2110 disposed at different positions of a movable platform 1100 of a robotic arm are shown, respectively. As shown, the load rotation drive assembly 2110 may be fixed to the side of the mobile platform 1100 facing the implement assembly, as shown in fig. 1G; or may be fixed to the side of the movable platform 1100 facing the stationary platform 1200, as shown in fig. 1I; or the middle of the movable platform 1100 may be provided with a through hole through which the load rotation driving assembly 2110 may be further provided, as shown in fig. 1H.

Fig. 2A and 2B illustrate an exemplary structure of a robot arm according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. The mechanical arm of the second embodiment is basically the same in structural principle as the mechanical arm of the first embodiment, and the differences from the mechanical arm of the first embodiment are specifically described below. As shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the first connection assembly 1500 includes a U-shaped bracket 1510, which is the same structure as the U-shaped bracket in the robot arm according to the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, a connector 2520 is provided on the branched chain 1300, and the u-shaped bracket 1510 is connected to the branched chain 1300 through the connector 2520. The connecting base 2520 includes a bracket plate and side plates connected to both sides of the bracket plate, and is generally U-shaped and opened toward the connecting rod 1310, and the connecting base 2520 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the connecting rod 1310 of the branched chain 1300. The connecting seat 2520 wraps the periphery of the branched chain 1300 and is connected with the U-shaped bracket 1510, so that the supporting area of the branched chain 1300 is increased, and the connection strength and stability of the branched chain 1300 and the first connecting assembly 1500 are improved. The connector 2520 may be detachably coupled to the branched chain 1300 for easy replacement.

In the case that the connection base 2520 is fixedly disposed on the branched chain 1300, the connection fulcrum is disposed on a side plate of the connection base 2520 and located between two ends of the side plate along the axial direction of the connection rod 1310, and the first connection assembly 1500 is connected with the branched chain 1300 through the connection fulcrum. By providing the connection block 2520 and providing the connection fulcrum on the connection block 2520, the strength of the force application point is improved, and the distribution of the force is more balanced under the condition that the first connection assembly outputs the force to drive the branched chain 1300 to rotate. In addition, if the connection fulcrum is directly provided on the branched chain 1300 and the connection structure is damaged, the entire standing branched chain may need to be replaced. However, in the second embodiment, by detachably disposing the connection holder on the branched chain 1300, the connection holder 2520 can be directly replaced in the event of damage to the connection structure, reducing maintenance costs and difficulty.

As an example, mounting holes are provided at corresponding positions of the U-shaped bracket 1510, the connection seat 2520, and the branched chain 1300, through which the stopper pin is fixedly connected to the branched chain 1300, and two legs of the U-shaped bracket 1510 are rotatably connected to two side plates of the connection seat 2520 through the stopper pin (not shown), so that the stopper pin serves as one rotation axis of the U-shaped bracket 1510, i.e., serves as a second rotation axis of the U-shaped bracket 1510. Like the robot arm 1000 according to the first embodiment, the angle measuring device 1700 is mounted on the U-shaped bracket 1510 for measuring the rotation angle of the branched chain 1300 with respect to the stationary platform 1200 about the second rotation axis.

Optionally, the support plate is provided with a hollowed-out part; this reduces the weight of the branched chain 1300. Optionally, the mounting plate is arranged on one side of the connecting rod opposite to the static platform, so that the position of the connecting pivot can be set according to actual needs, thereby further improving the universality of the branched chain 1300, fully utilizing the arrangement space and avoiding interference with the static platform.

In the example shown in fig. 2A, stationary platform 1200 is formed in a frame structure including a support plate 2210, a bottom plate 2230, and a connection plate 2220 connecting support plate 2210 and bottom plate 2230, bottom plate 2230 being located on a side of support plate 2210 remote from movable platform 1100. The rotary driving assembly 1600 is a servo motor mounted on the stationary platform 1200 through a motor mount 2240 to be stably coupled between the support plate 2210 and the bottom plate 2230. The output shaft of the servo motor is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft of the U-shaped bracket 1510, and as an example, the output shaft of the servo motor is directly or indirectly connected to the first rotation shaft of the U-shaped bracket 1510. The stationary platform 1200 is substantially located on a side of the first circle away from the movable platform 1100, and accordingly, the rotary driving assembly 1600 is also disposed on a side away from the movable platform 1100, so that the diameter of the first circle is as small as possible, and thus the external dimensions of the mechanical arms 2000 are as small as possible, so as to avoid mutual interference between the plurality of mechanical arms 2000 mounted on the robot.

With continued reference to fig. 2A, the movable platform 1100 may be provided with an executing component 500, where the executing component 500 has a telecentric fixed point 510, and by cooperative coordination of the rotary driving component 1600 and the moving driving component, the movable platform 1100 can be controlled to move relative to the static platform 1200 and drive the executing component 500 to stretch and swing, and a stretch path of the executing component 500 can always pass through the telecentric fixed point 510, so that stability in a working process and accuracy in an operation process of the executing component 500 are improved. When the execution assembly 500 performs operation, the execution assembly can swing by taking the telecentric motionless point as the center, so that only a tiny wound is formed on the surface of the skin of a patient for the execution assembly 500 to pass through, the wound of the patient is small, and the postoperative recovery is fast.

In order to provide accurate force feedback for the operator, the mechanical arm 2000 further includes a sensor 2120, where the sensor 2120 is mounted on the mobile platform 1100 or on the execution assembly 500, and is configured to detect an environmental force and/or an environmental moment received by the execution assembly 500, and feedback the environmental force and/or the environmental moment to the master hand, so that the operator can receive mechanical feedback when performing motion control on the master hand, which is beneficial to improving a use effect of the robot. Alternatively, sensor 2120 may be a force and moment sensor, such as, but not limited to, a six-dimensional force and moment sensor.

The implement assembly 500 and sensor 2120 described in connection with fig. 2A may be equally applicable to robotic arms according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. In order to make the present description more concise, the following descriptions of other embodiments are omitted.

Fig. 3A and 3B illustrate an exemplary structure of a robot arm according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. The structure of the robot arm 3000 of the third embodiment is generally the same as that of the robot arm 2000 of the second embodiment, except for the specific structures of the rotary drive assembly 1600 and the stationary platform 1200 and the transmission structure between the rotary drive assembly 1600 and the first connection assembly 1500.

In the robot arm 3000, the rotational driving assembly 1600 transmits rotational driving force to the first link assembly 1500 through a worm gear assembly. Next, a detailed description will be made with reference to fig. 3A and 3B.

The rotary driving assembly 1600 is mounted on the stationary platform 3200 and connected to the first rotation shaft of the first connecting assembly 1500, for driving the first connecting assembly 1500 to rotate around the first rotation axis relative to the stationary platform 1200, thereby driving the branched chain 1300 to rotate. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3B, the rotary driving assembly 1600 includes a rotary driving motor 3610 and a worm gear assembly, the worm gear assembly includes a worm 3620 and a worm gear 3630, the worm 3620 is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the rotary driving motor 3610 through a transfer shaft, the worm gear 3630 is coaxially and fixedly connected with a first rotation shaft of the U-shaped bracket 1510, and the worm gear 3630 is engaged with the worm 3620. A support 3640 may be further provided on the stationary platform 1200, the first rotation shaft of the U-shaped bracket 1510 may be rotatably coupled to the support 3640 through a bearing, and the worm wheel 3630 may be coupled to a portion of the first rotation shaft of the U-shaped bracket 1510 protruding from the support 3640, such that the U-shaped bracket 1510 is stably supported on the stationary platform 1200.

In this embodiment, the first driving motor is connected with the first connecting component 1500 through the worm gear component, so that the torque of power transmission can be improved, the load capacity of the movable platform 1100 can be improved by controlling the transmission ratio between the first driving motor and the branched chain 1300, and the worm gear component has a self-locking function, so that the operation reliability of the mechanical arm is further improved.

The rotation driving motor 3610 is installed between the support plate 2210 and the bottom plate 2230. The worm gear assembly is positioned on one side of the bottom plate 2230 facing the movable platform 1100, an output shaft of the rotary driving motor 3610 is fixed with the worm 3620, and the worm wheel 3630 is fixedly connected with the U-shaped bracket 1510, so that the driving force of the rotary driving motor 3610 is transmitted to the U-shaped bracket 1510. For example, but not limited to, the rotation driving motor 3610 is disposed on the bottom plate 2230 at a side of the support plate 2210 facing the bottom plate 2230. The worm gear 3630 and the worm 3620 may be disposed at a side of the support plate 2210 facing away from the bottom plate 2230. In order to protect the transmission assembly, the mechanical arm according to the embodiment of the disclosure may further include a static platform housing 3240, and the worm and gear assembly is housed in the static platform housing 3240, so as to prevent an operator from accidentally touching the transmission structure to cause injury, and also protect the transmission structure from dust or other impurities entering the transmission structure. By providing the static platform housing 3240, the safety of the robotic arm is improved.

The bottom plate 2230 is substantially located on a side of the first circle where the connection fulcrum of the branched chain 1300 and the stationary platform 1200 is located, and correspondingly, the rotary driving assembly 1600 is also substantially disposed on a side of the first circle, which is away from the movable platform 1100, so that the diameter of the first circle is prevented from being increased for setting the rotary driving assembly 1600, so that the diameter of the first circle is as small as possible, and the external dimension of the stationary platform of the mechanical arm is reduced as much as possible.

Surgical robots typically have multiple robotic arms through which surgical operations are performed cooperatively. In order to reduce the probability of interference of the mechanical arms during operation, the diameter of the static platform needs to be reduced as much as possible. According to the mechanical arm of the third embodiment of the disclosure, the worm and gear assembly is adopted for transmission, so that a smaller motor can be used, and the diameter of the static platform is reduced.

In the case of power failure or the like due to accidents in the operation, if the mechanical arm cannot maintain the current posture but is deformed under the action of gravity, unexpected consequences can occur. According to the mechanical arm of the third embodiment of the present disclosure, when the lead angle of the worm is smaller than the equivalent friction angle between the meshing wheel teeth, the worm and the worm gear have self-locking property, and since the electric push cylinder adopted by the P pair also has self-locking property, after the equipment is powered off, the mechanical arm 3000 can maintain the current state, thereby avoiding the damage of the mechanical arm to the patient due to the deformation of the self weight, and thus the use safety of the mechanical arm is further improved by using the worm and worm gear assembly to transmit the driving force.

Fig. 4A and 4B illustrate an exemplary structure of a robot arm 4000 according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. The mechanical arm 4000 of the fourth embodiment is identical to the mechanical arm 2000 of the second embodiment in the structural principle, except for the structure and arrangement of the branched driving components and the connection manner between the driving components and the first connection components.

As with the second embodiment described above, the rotary drive assembly 1600 of the fourth embodiment includes a rotary drive motor 4610. Unlike the second embodiment described above, the rotary drive motor 4610 is connected to the U-shaped bracket 1510 via a belt or chain to transmit rotary power to the U-shaped bracket 1510.

As shown in fig. 4A and 4B, the rotary drive assembly 1600 includes a drive pulley 4620, a driven pulley 4630, and a drive belt or chain (not shown). The driving wheel 4620 may be fixedly connected to an output shaft of the rotary driving motor 4610, the driven wheel 4630 may be connected to the U-shaped bracket 1510, the driving wheel 4630 drives the driven wheel 4630 to rotate through a driving belt or a driving chain, and power of the rotary driving motor 4610 may be transmitted to the U-shaped bracket 1510.

Further, in order to enhance the bearing capacity of the rotary driving assembly 1600, the driven wheel 4630 and the connecting shaft of the U-shaped bracket 1510 are connected by a harmonic reducer 4650, but not limited thereto. Specifically, the harmonic reducer 4650 includes a rigid gear, a flexible gear, and a wave generator that receives the rotational driving force of the rotational driving motor 4610 as an input end, and the rigid gear or the flexible gear may be connected to the U-shaped bracket 1510 as an output end.

The transmission ratio between the rotary driving motor 4610 and the U-shaped bracket 1510 can be changed through the harmonic reducer 4650, and the torque is amplified, so that the torque applied to the branched chain 1300 is increased, the driving torque is improved, and the load capacity of the movable platform 1100 is improved.

By using a drive belt or chain to form the rotary drive assembly 1600 as a pulley set, the pulley set is able to amplify torque, enhancing the load carrying capacity of the mobile platform. In addition, because the harmonic gear in the harmonic reducer is simultaneously meshed with a plurality of teeth during transmission, the bearing capacity is high, and larger torque can be born during installation on the side of the mechanical arm, and the bearing capacity of the movable platform can be further enhanced by using the harmonic reducer.

As an example, the driving wheel 4620 may be directly engaged with the driven wheel 4630 to transmit the power of the rotary driving motor 4610 to the U-shaped bracket 1510, or the transmission ratio may be changed by a different gear ratio, in addition to the belt transmission or the chain transmission.

In order to stably support the rotation driving assembly 1600 and the branched chain 1300 and reduce the self weight of the entire robot arm, the stationary platform 1200 is formed in a frame structure. As shown in fig. 4A, a rotary drive motor 4610 is mounted on the connection plate 2220. In the example shown in the drawings, the main body of the rotary drive motor 4610 is disposed outside the connection plate 2220, and the drive shaft is connected to the capstan 4620 after passing through the connection plate 2220. The rotary drive motors 4610 are disposed close to the bottom plate 2230, away from the movable platform 1100, the three rotary drive motors 4610 are arranged at equal intervals, and the extension lines of the output shafts of the three rotary drive motors 4610 intersect at the center of the first circle. Through so setting up, on the one hand for rotary driving motor 4610 staggers with first coupling assembling 1500 along the extending direction of arm and arranges, makes the diameter of the first circle that the connection fulcrum between quiet platform 1200 and the branch chain 1300 is located as far as possible reduce, thereby reduces quiet platform 1200's overall dimension, makes the overall dimension of arm less, avoids mutual interference between a plurality of arms, on the other hand, makes the branched chain structure of arm evenly arrange, atress or transmission stable in structure.

The mechanical arm of the fourth embodiment also includes an arrangement of a branched chain and a movement driving assembly, which is different from the structure shown in the previous embodiment. The branches employed in the foregoing second and third embodiments are arranged coaxially with the movement driving assembly, for example, using a linear electric cylinder of modular arrangement, while in the fourth embodiment according to the present disclosure, a folding electric cylinder is employed. The motor of the folding electric cylinder adopted in the embodiment is installed in parallel with the cylinder body, and the motor drives the screw rod to rotate through the synchronous pulley assembly (a driving pulley, a driven pulley and a synchronous belt). The electric cylinder not only has the characteristic of a linear servo electric cylinder, but also is suitable for occasions with smaller installation positions at ordinary times because of shorter overall length. In addition, the synchronous belt selected by the folding type servo electric cylinder can be used for decelerating, so that the thrust can be amplified, the inertia can be reduced, the rotation moment can be increased, the displacement stroke of the branched chain can be improved, the loading capacity of the movable platform can be improved, and the movement space is larger. In addition, the folding electric cylinder has the characteristics of high strength, small gap and long service life, and has higher control capability and control precision. By adopting the folding electric cylinder, the control precision of the movable platform can be improved as well.

In the mechanical arm of the above embodiment, the electric cylinder of the branched chain movement driving unit may be specifically selected according to the installation place.

Fig. 5A to 5C show a schematic structural view of a robot arm 5000 according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure. The structure of the mechanical arm of the fifth embodiment is different from that of the previous embodiment in the arrangement of the rotary drive assembly. Specifically, in the foregoing embodiment, the rotation driving assembly is disposed inside the branched chain 1300, connected to the first rotation shaft of the first connection assembly 1500 extending in the radial direction of the first circle. In the mechanical arm of the fifth embodiment, the rotation driving assembly 1600 is disposed laterally of the branched chain 1300, arranged along the circumferential direction of the stationary platform 1200, and connected to the first rotation shaft of the first connection assembly 1500 extending along the circumferential direction. More specifically, with respect to a first circle where the connection point between the branched chain 1300 and the stationary platform 1200 is located, the output shaft of the rotary drive assembly 1600 is disposed along a tangential direction of the first circle. The extension lines of the output shafts of the three rotary drive assemblies 1600 intersect to form a regular triangle centered on the center of the first circle.

As shown in fig. 5A, the stationary platform 1200 includes a bottom plate 2230 and a connection plate 2220 fixedly provided on the bottom plate 2230, the connection plate 2220 being provided protruding from a surface of the bottom plate 2230 facing the stationary platform 2200. The first connection assembly 1500 and the rotation driving assembly 1600 are disposed at opposite sides of the connection plate 2220, respectively, and the first connection assembly 1500 may rotate about a first rotation axis and allow the branched chain 1300 to swing about the first rotation axis with respect to the stationary platform 1200. The curved double arrow in fig. 5A shows the direction of oscillation of the branched chain 1300 about the second rotation axis, and the straight double arrow shows the direction of extension and retraction of the branched chain 1300.

As shown in fig. 5A, the second rotation axis of the first connection assembly 1500 extends along the radial direction of the first circle, the first rotation axis of the first connection assembly 1500 is disposed along the tangential direction of the first circle, the rotation driving assembly 1600 is connected to the first rotation axis for driving the branched chain 1300 to rotate about the first rotation axis, and the angle measuring device 1700 is disposed on the second rotation axis for measuring the rotation angle of the branched chain 1300 about the second rotation axis.

In actual use, when the stationary platform 1200 is at an angle to the horizontal plane, i.e. the robot arm 5000 is disposed obliquely, it is preferable to arrange in the manner shown in fig. 5B and 5C, i.e. the first rotation axis of the first connection assembly 1500 extending in the tangential direction of the first circle is in a horizontal state, and the second rotation axis is in a vertical state. Specifically, the first rotation shaft of the first connection assembly 1500, which is connected to the rotation driving assembly 1600, is arranged in the horizontal direction. Through this arrangement, the gravity of the branched chain 1300, the movable platform 1100 and the load executing mechanism arranged on the movable platform 1100 is uniformly distributed on the three branched chains as much as possible, the power loss of the rotary driving assembly 1600 on the static platform 1200 is minimum, and the stability of the whole mechanical arm is better.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a robot arm 6000 according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure. The mechanical arm of the sixth embodiment is the same as the mechanical arm of the fifth embodiment in the structural principle, except that:

the rotary driving assembly 1600 of the mechanical arm 6000 may apply the rotary driving force to the first connecting assembly 1500 by using the rotary driving assemblies described in the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, respectively, and the structure of the stationary platform 1200 may be adjusted accordingly according to the arrangement of the rotary driving assembly 1600, which will not be described in detail here.

Further, in the sixth embodiment, the connection block 2520 and the U-shaped bracket 1510 are arranged on the same side of the branched chain, more specifically, in the circumferential direction of the branched chain in the first circle. The connection socket 2520 is substantially U-shaped and has a hollowed-out structure provided thereon, which is substantially the same as the structure described with reference to the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural view of a robot arm 7000 according to a seventh embodiment of the disclosure. The robot arm in this embodiment has a 3RSPS structure.

The mechanical arm 7000 includes a movable platform 1100, a stationary platform 1200, and three branched chains 1300, the branched chains 1300 including a connection rod 1310 and a moving rod 1320, the connection rod 1310 being connected to the stationary platform 1200 through the first connection assembly 1500, the moving rod 1320 being connected to the movable platform 1100 through the second connection assembly 1400. The three branches 1300 are connected between the movable stage 1100 and the stationary stage 1200 and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the first circle.

The robotic arm 3000 also includes a rotational drive assembly 1600 and an angle measurement device 1700. The rotation driving assembly 1600 is mounted on the stationary platform 1200, and the angle measuring device 1700 is mounted on one rotation shaft of the first coupling assembly 1500.

In this embodiment, the angle measurement device 1700 is disposed on a first rotation axis of the first connection assembly 1500, the rotation axis may be a connection axis between the first connection assembly 1500 and the stationary platform 1200, the first connection assembly 1500 is rotatably connected to the stationary platform 1200 through the connection axis, and the angle measurement device 1700 is used for measuring a rotation angle of the first connection assembly 1500 around the first rotation axis.

Unlike the previous embodiments, the rotary drive assembly 1600 is connected to the branched chain 1300 by a third connection assembly 7800. More specifically, first connection assembly 1500 and third connection assembly 7800 are each connected to connecting rod 1310, and third connection assembly 7800 is located on a side remote from mobile platform 1100 with respect to first connection assembly 1500. Stationary platform 1200 is positioned between first coupling assembly 1500 and third coupling assembly 7800. The third connecting assembly 7800 has a first connecting shaft connected to the rotary driving assembly 1600 and a second connecting shaft connected to the branched chain, the first connecting shaft of the third connecting assembly 7800 is fixedly connected coaxially with the output shaft of the rotary driving assembly 1600, and the third connecting assembly 7800 can be rotatably connected to the branched chain 1300 via the second connecting shaft.

One end of the rotary driving assembly 1600 is rotationally connected with the static platform 1200 through a spherical hinge, and the other end of the rotary driving assembly 1600 is fixedly connected with a first connecting shaft of the third connecting assembly 7800. In other words, the connecting rod 1310, the first rotation shaft of the first connecting assembly 1500, and the first connection shaft of the third connecting assembly 7800 are in a plane, and the extension lines are connected to form a triangle. More specifically, the extension line of the first rotation shaft of the first connection assembly 1500 and the extension line of the first connection shaft of the third connection assembly 7800 intersect on the stationary platform 1200, and further, the extension line of the first rotation shaft of the first connection assembly 1500 and the extension line of the first rotation shaft of the third connection assembly 7800 intersect at the spherical hinge. Through making first coupling assembling 1500 for the rotation axis of quiet platform 1200, third coupling assembling 7800 for the rotation axis of quiet platform 1200 and the branch chain 1300 three are in a plane, the extension line interconnect of three forms a triangle-shaped, and a summit of triangle-shaped is located the tie point of third coupling assembling and quiet platform for rotatory drive assembly staggers with first coupling assembling along the extending direction of arm and arranges, can make the diameter of first circle reduce as far as, thereby reduce quiet platform's overall dimension, make the overall dimension of arm less, avoid the mutual interference between a plurality of arms.

According to an aspect of the present embodiment, the rotary driving assembly 1600 includes a second driving motor, the second driving motor includes a motor body and a driving shaft capable of telescoping with respect to the motor body, one of the motor body and the driving shaft is hinged on the stationary platform, the other is rotatably connected with the connecting rod 1310 through the third connecting assembly 7800, three degrees of rotational freedom are provided between the second driving motor and the stationary platform 1200, and one degree of rotational freedom is provided between the second driving motor and the connecting rod 1310.

According to an aspect of the present embodiment, the rotary drive assembly in the present embodiment is a telescopic assembly to convert the linear motion of the rotary drive assembly 1600 into a branched swing. As an example, the second driving motor is a linear driving assembly, for example, a linear driving motor, an air cylinder, an electric cylinder, or the like. As shown in fig. 7, a P pair is formed between stationary platen 1200 and third connection assembly 7800. The third connecting component 7800 is rotatably connected with the branched chain 1300 to form an R pair, one end of the rotary driving component 1600 is fixedly connected with the third connecting component 7800, and the other end is rotatably connected with the static platform 1200 through a spherical hinge, so that an S pair is formed between the rotary driving component 1600 and the static platform 1200.

According to an aspect of the present embodiment, the linear driving assembly is disposed on a side of the stationary platform 1200 away from the movable platform 1100, the linear driving assembly is rotatably connected with the connecting rod 1310 through a third connecting assembly 7800, and the third connecting assembly 7800 is disposed on a side of the stationary platform 1200 away from the movable platform 1100. The linear driving assembly is arranged in such a way that the linear driving assembly can partially or completely balance the dead weight of the branched chain, the moment generated by the movable platform and the load gravity, and the load capacity of the mechanical arm is improved.

According to an aspect of the present embodiment, the branched chain 1300 is capable of extending and contracting, and the branched chain 1300 can be rotated around the connection fulcrum by the direct pushing of the inclined rotation driving assembly 1600, that is, the branched chain 1300 can be rotated around the rotation axis between the connection rod 1310 and the first connection assembly 1500, so that the movable platform 1100 can generate the movement with six degrees of freedom in space by the 3RSPS structure. The rotation angle of the branched chain 1300 around the rotation axis between the connecting rod 1310 and the first connecting assembly 1500, the linear driving displacement amount of the rotation driving assembly 1600, and the telescopic displacement amount of the branched chain 1300 are measured as input parameters by the angle measuring device 1700, so that the pose of the motion platform can be resolved.

According to the embodiment, by tilting the rotary driving assembly 1600, the size of the static platform can be reduced, so that the overall size of the mechanical arm is further reduced, and mutual interference among a plurality of mechanical arms of the surgical robot is avoided.

Because the tilt angle movement range of the load actuating mechanism around the X axis or the Y axis is reduced when the movable platform 1100 rotates around the Z axis, and the rotation movement range around the Z axis is reduced when the movable platform 1100 has a certain tilt angle around the X axis or the Y axis, the mechanism is suitable for the application occasion with smaller rotation angle of the movable platform around the Z axis. The Z-axis direction in the drawing of the present embodiment is parallel to the normal direction of the movable platform 1100, the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are respectively perpendicular to the Z-axis direction, and the X-axis direction is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction.

Fig. 8A, 8B, and 8C are diagrams showing structural examples of a robot arm according to an eighth embodiment of the present disclosure. The mechanical arm of the eighth embodiment has the same structural principle as the mechanical arm of the seventh embodiment, and is of a 3RSPS structure. The difference is that fig. 8A, 8B and 8C further illustrate an exemplary structure for implementing the mechanical arm.

As shown in fig. 8B, the rotary drive assembly 1600 is coupled to the branched chain 1300 by a third pivot shaft 8830 such that the branched chain 1300 can rotate about the axis of the third pivot shaft 8830.

In the example shown in fig. 8B, the rotary drive assembly 1600 includes a motor mount 8620 and a rotary drive motor 8610, the rotary drive motor 8610 being secured to the motor mount 8620. As an example, the rotary driving motor 8610 in the present embodiment may be a linear motor, but is not limited thereto.

Optionally, the rotary drive assembly 1600 is rotatably coupled to the connecting rod 1310 via a third coupling assembly 8800. Specifically, the third connection assembly 8800 includes a third connection block 8810, one end of the third connection block 8810 is fixed to the motor mount 8620, and the other end is rotatably connected to the connection rod 1310 through a bearing. As an example, the third connecting block 8810 may have an L shape, and two arms of the L-shaped third pivot shaft 8830 are connected to the connecting rod 1310 and the motor mount 8620, respectively.

The third connecting block 8810 is connected to an end of the connecting rod 1310 away from the movable platform 1100, and the first connecting assembly 1500 is disposed between the second connecting assembly 1400 and the third connecting assembly 8800 along the extending direction of the branched chain 1300.

Further, the third connecting assembly 8800 further comprises a bushing 8820, the bushing 8820 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 1310 of the branched chain 1300, the third connecting block 8810 is pivotally connected to the third pivot shaft 8830, on one hand, friction and abrasion between the third connecting block 8810 and the connecting rod 1310 are prevented during the rotation of the third connecting block 8810 around the axis of the third pivot shaft 8830, the service life of the connecting rod 1310 is prolonged, and on the other hand, the connecting rod 1310 is also convenient to repair and replace after the third pivot shaft 8830 is damaged.

Referring to fig. 8A, the stationary platform 1200 is rotatably connected to the branched chain 1300 by a first connecting assembly 1500, the first connecting assembly 1500 includes a first connecting bracket having a substantially L-shape, and two arms of the L-shape first connecting bracket are respectively hinged to the connecting rod 1310 and the stationary platform 1200, for example, but not limited to, the two arms are respectively rotatably connected to the connecting rod 1310 and the stationary platform 1200 by bearings.

Fig. 8B shows an enlarged view of a portion of rotary drive assembly 1600, rotary drive assembly 1600 being coupled to stationary platform 1200 by ball joint 8640, ball joint 8640 including ball seat 8642 and ball head 8641, ball seat 8642 being fixable to stationary platform 1200, ball head 8641 being connectable to rotary drive motor 8610, ball head 8641 being rotatably coupled to ball seat 8642 for three degrees of freedom rotation therebetween. Alternatively, the ball seat 8642 and ball head 8641 positions may be interchanged, i.e., the ball seat 8642 may be fixed to the rotary drive motor 8610 and the ball head 8641 may be attached to the stationary platform 1200.

As an example, the ball 8641 is connected to an output shaft of the rotary drive motor 8610. In order to further improve the operational reliability of the rotary drive assembly 1600, the ball 8641 is prevented from rotating relative to the motor mount 8620, and a rotation stop plate 8630 is provided between the ball hinge 8640 and the rotary drive motor 8610. A ball head 8641 is secured to the anti-rotation plate 8630 and a ball seat 8642 is mounted to the stationary platform 1200. By the arrangement, the blocking in the movement process of the branched chain is avoided, and therefore the operation reliability of the mechanical arm is improved.

According to an aspect of the present embodiment, one of the motor mounting bracket and the rotation stop plate is provided with a guide rod parallel to the driving shaft, and the other is provided with a guide hole matched with the guide rod, and the guide rod is slidably disposed in the guide hole. By the arrangement, the running stability of the rotary driving assembly is improved, and the running reliability of the mechanical arm is improved.

In this embodiment, the rotary drive assembly 1600 also includes a guide rod 8650 for guiding sliding movement between the anti-rotation plate 8630 and the motor mount 8620.

In this embodiment, the motor body may be fixed in the motor mounting seat 8620, one of the motor mounting seat 8620 and the rotation stopping plate 8620 is fixedly provided with a guide rod 8650, the other is provided with a guide hole matched with the guide rod 8650, and the guide rod 8650 is slidably inserted into the guide hole, so that the rotation stopping plate 8630 is close to or far from the motor mounting seat 8620 along the extending direction of the guide rod 8650.

As an example, the guide rod 8650 is fixedly disposed on the rotation stopping plate 8630 and extends from a side of the rotation stopping plate 8630 facing away from the stationary platform 1200 in a telescopic direction of an output shaft of the rotation driving motor 8610, and the motor mount 8620 is provided with a guide hole matching the guide rod 8650, in which the guide rod 8650 is slidably disposed. Through setting up the cooperation structure of guiding hole and guide bar, increased the stability of second motor concertina movement, increased simultaneously the connection stability between second motor and the anti-rotating plate, prevent that motor output shaft from distorting the fracture at the great condition of moment of torsion.

As an example, the guide rods 8650 may be two, symmetrically arranged around the driving shaft, respectively arranged in parallel with the output shaft of the rotary driving motor 8610. By providing at least two guide rods 8650, the connection strength between the driving motor and the rotation stopping plate 8630 can be enhanced, and the moving rod of the driving motor is prevented from breaking under the condition of receiving torque.

Fig. 8C shows a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a branched chain 1300 and a movable platform 1100 in a mechanical arm according to an eighth embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 8C, the second connecting assembly 1400 in the present embodiment includes an axial end pressing plate 8410, where the axial end pressing plate 8410 is connected to an end of the moving rod 1320 of the branched chain 1300, so as to be able to approach or separate from the connecting rod 1310 under the driving of the moving rod 1320. For example, but not limited to, the end is an extended end, and the shaft end pressing plate 8410 is extended laterally from the end of the branched chain 1300 in the form of a cantilever beam, i.e., the extending direction of the shaft end pressing plate 8410 is perpendicular to the extending and retracting direction of the branched chain 1300, so as to facilitate connection with the movable platform 1100.

Alternatively, the shaft end pressing plate 8410 may be provided with a through hole, and the end of the moving rod 1320 of the branched chain 1300 may be provided with an external thread, and the end of the moving rod 1320 is connected to the nut after passing through the through hole of the shaft end pressing plate 8410, thereby connecting the shaft end pressing plate 8410 to the moving rod 1320. Alternatively, the shaft end platen 8410 may be fixed to the moving rod 1320 to be pivotally connected to the moving rod 1320 through a bearing, which may be selected according to actual needs. The shaft end pressing plate 8410 may be fixed to the moving rod 1320 while the moving rod 1320 moves in the extending direction thereof with respect to the connecting rod 1310 without rotating. With the movable rod 1320 rotatably extended relative to the connecting rod 1310, the shaft end platen 8410 is pivotally connected to the movable rod 1320, preventing the shaft end platen 8410 from rotating with the movable rod 1320 and thus from seizing.

The second link assembly 1400 further includes a first link block 8430, one end of the first link block 8430 is rotatably coupled to the shaft end pressing plate 8410 through a bearing, and the other end of the first link block 8430 is rotatably coupled to the movable platform 1100. Alternatively, the first connecting block 8430 has an L shape, and two arms of the L-shaped first connecting block 8430 are pivotally connected to the shaft end pressing plate 8410 and the movable platform 1100, respectively.

Further, the second linkage assembly 1400 also includes a second linkage block 8450, the second linkage block 8450 being rotatably coupled between the movable platform 1100 and the first linkage block 8430. As an example, the second link block 8450 is rotatably coupled to the movable platform 1100 by a pin, and the second link block 8450 is rotatably coupled to the first link block 8430 by a bearing, and two pivot axes of the first link block 8430 are perpendicular to each other and to the pin for coupling the second link block 8450 and the movable platform 1100.

In this embodiment, the pivot shaft between the shaft end pressing plate 8410 and the first link 8430 may have a first axis, the pivot shaft between the first link 8430 and the second link 8450 may have a second axis, and the pivot shaft between the second link 8450 and the movable platform 8100 may have a third axis, which are perpendicular to each other, so that the second link assembly 1400 is formed in a structure having three degrees of freedom, such that there are three degrees of rotational freedom between the branched chain 1300 and the movable platform 1100.

By forming the second connection member 1400 in the above manner, the movable platform 1100 in the present embodiment has a smaller diameter than the structure in which the revolute pair is formed by the spherical hinge or the hook hinge, so that the self weight of the movable platform 1100 can be reduced, and the load of the movable platform 1100 can be increased.

With continued reference to fig. 8A, in order to facilitate connection of the mechanical arm 8000 with the base of the bedside mechanical arm tower, the mechanical arm 8000 in this embodiment further includes a mechanical arm connection seat 8900, where the mechanical arm connection seat 8900 is fixed on the static platform 1200 and extends from the static platform 1200 toward a direction away from the moving platform 1100, and a plurality of through holes are provided on a sidewall of the mechanical arm connection seat 8900, so as to facilitate the rotation of the driving assembly 1600 and the passing of each signal line and power line, so as to avoid motion interference.

The mechanical arm provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can be applied to a surgical robot. Referring to fig. 9A, the present embodiment provides a surgical robot that may include a base 100, a control arm including a column 200 provided on the base 100 and an adjustment assembly 300 connected to the column 200, a plurality of robot arms 400 connected to the control arm, and an actuating assembly 500 connected to a front end of each robot arm 400, and the base 100 may be supported on an operation platform, for example, but not limited to, a floor. The adjusting assembly 300 is movably connected between the upright 200 and the mechanical arm 400 to drive the mechanical arm 400 to move, thereby finding a proper operation position.

The executing assembly 500 is disposed on the mechanical arm 400, the mechanical arm 400 can control the moving platform to move relative to the static platform and drive the executing assembly 500 to stretch and swing, the executing assembly 500 can have a preset telecentric fixed point, the swing center of the executing assembly 500 is the telecentric fixed point, and the stretch path of the executing assembly 500 passes through the telecentric fixed point.

In this embodiment, the adjusting assembly 300 is used for performing the function of moving the actuating assembly 500 to move the actuating assembly 500 to a desired position, and the mechanical arm 400 is used for precisely controlling the actuating assembly 500 to further position based on the desired position.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the first rotation axis corresponding to one of the branches of the mechanical arm of the robot extends along the horizontal direction, so that the direction of the output moment of the corresponding rotation driving assembly of the branch is along the tangential direction, opposite to the gravity direction, and the output moment is used for compensating gravity, thereby reducing the power loss of the rotation assembly to the greatest extent and improving the overall load capacity of the mechanical arm. In one embodiment, the mounting position of the branched chain is achieved by positioning and mounting between the mechanical arm 400 and the adjusting assembly 300. By the arrangement, the gravity of the branched chain, the movable platform and the load actuating mechanism arranged on the movable platform is uniformly distributed on each branched chain as much as possible, so that the large difference of the load among all the rotary driving components is avoided, and the load balancing capacity of all the rotary components is improved.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a robot control method, the robot including a control arm and a robot arm as described above, a stationary platform of the robot arm being connected to the control arm, the robot control method comprising: and controlling the control arm to enable the first rotation axis corresponding to at least one branched chain of the mechanical arm to extend along the horizontal direction. In one embodiment, the control arm is directed by the controller to act to control the position of the branches. The first rotation axis corresponding to the at least one branched chain extends along the horizontal direction, so that the direction of the output moment of the rotary driving assembly corresponding to the branched chain is along the tangential direction, opposite to the gravity direction, and the output moment is used for compensating gravity, thereby reducing the power loss of the rotary assembly to the greatest extent and improving the overall load capacity of the mechanical arm.

Referring to fig. 9B, a robot system according to an embodiment of the present invention may include an operation end 900, a robot, and an imaging device (not shown). The manipulation terminal 900 may include a doctor console on which a master hand is provided, and an operator (doctor) may control the manipulation of the robot by manipulating the master hand, more specifically, the pose of a movable platform on the robot arm 400, thereby performing various surgical operations through the actuating assembly 500 mounted on the movable platform.

The mechanical arm provided according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to be applied to a surgical robot, but may be applied to an industrial robot. Fig. 10A to 10D illustrate an industrial robot including a robot arm provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in different application scenarios provided by the present disclosure.

The existing industrial robots for spraying or welding mostly adopt a series mechanism, and convey a welding head/spray head to a preset position to perform welding/spraying operation by means of linkage of a plurality of joints in series, so that the defects of high energy consumption, difficulty in realizing welding in a closed space, low safety, large required closed space and the like exist. In order to realize sealing operation, a production line of serial robots is placed in a relatively closed space to reduce the damage of accidents to the environment, but the serial robots are not intrinsically safe, and the robots operate in an oil mist environment during spraying and still have the danger of causing explosion.

According to the industrial robot provided by the disclosure, the mechanical arm adopts the parallel structure to realize welding/spraying operation, so that the weight is light, and the energy consumption is low. The actuating components such as the welding head and the spray head required by injection welding/spraying operation are arranged on the movable platform of the mechanical arm, and the branched chain drives the movable platform to drive the welding head and the spray head, so that effective welding or spraying operation can be performed.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an industrial production system is provided, the industrial production system includes a processing chamber and a robot as above, a through hole is formed in a cavity wall of the processing chamber, the mechanical arm further includes an executing component mounted on the movable platform, and one end of the executing component extends into the processing chamber through the through hole. Through setting up the part of waiting to process in the processing chamber, the execution subassembly stretches into the processing chamber through the through-hole and waits to process the part of waiting to process for operating personnel can carry out the operation under the circumstances that separates with waiting to process the part, can improve the security of operation process. Optionally, a sealing element is arranged on the through hole and is in sealing connection with the execution assembly. By providing the sealing member, leakage of toxic and harmful gas or dust in the processing chamber can be avoided.

For example, as shown in fig. 10A, a telecentric dead point can be provided on the actuator assembly by a control algorithm, the telecentric dead point being fixed in position relative to the base of the industrial robot and always on the bar on which the welding head/spray head is mounted. The workpiece 610 to be welded/sprayed can be disposed in a closed space and separated from the welding/spraying robot by a partition wall 600, an operation hole is formed in the partition wall 600, an execution assembly on a mechanical arm can pass through the operation hole to perform operation, and the telecentric fixed point is disposed at a perforation position on the partition wall 600, so that the execution assembly swings around the telecentric fixed point, and a telescopic path of the execution assembly passes through the telecentric fixed point, so that effective operation can be performed under the condition of ensuring safety of operators.

The scheme adopts a parallel structure to realize welding/spraying operation, and has the following technical effects: 1. the energy consumption is small. Because the parallel structure has high rigidity and strength, the parallel structure has light weight and low power compared with the serial structure. The mass of the driving part is mostly on the static platform, and the large-range movement is not needed during operation, so the moving mass during operation is small, and the energy consumption is low. 2. The welding of the closed space can be realized. The scheme sets a telecentric fixed point on the support rod of the execution component through a control algorithm, and only needs to open a small hole on the partition wall 600 of the closed space, and the small hole is overlapped with the telecentric fixed point, so that welding operation can be realized. Therefore, the welding robot body is arranged outside the closed space, the closed space is small, and the construction cost is reduced. 3. The safety is high. In the scheme, a telecentric fixed point is arranged on the execution assembly 500 through a control algorithm, and the spraying operation can be realized by only opening a small hole on the partition wall 600 of the closed space and overlapping the telecentric fixed point. Therefore, the spraying robot body is arranged outside the closed space, the explosion risk is avoided, and the intrinsic safety is high.

Fig. 10B illustrates a structural example of an industrial robot in which a robot arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be fixed on a slider 701, and the slider 701 may be moved in an extending direction of a slide rail 702, thereby performing a linear movement operation.

Fig. 10C illustrates another example of a structure of an industrial robot, in which a robot arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be fixed on a rotating column 801 such that the robot arm may rotate with the rotating column 801 with respect to a column base 802 to perform a rotating operation. As an example, the rotation axis of the rotation column 801 is perpendicular to the normal direction of the stationary platform, but not limited thereto.

The static platform is arranged on the slide rail 702 or the rotary column 801, so that the movement range of the robot is further widened, the problems of poor precision, low rigidity and high self-weight large movement energy consumption caused by error accumulation in the process of large load of a serial mechanism robot are overcome, and the weaknesses of small movement range and difficult forward solution of a mechanical arm robot such as STEWART are overcome.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the robot comprises at least two mechanical arms, a processing space is formed between the at least two mechanical arms, and the execution components of the at least two mechanical arms are all arranged towards the processing space. So set up, the robot that this disclosure provided can have a plurality of arms, and a plurality of arms cooperate to can improve the work efficiency of robot.

Fig. 10D shows a machine tool including a plurality of robotic arms that can cooperate simultaneously to perform a machining operation. As an example, the robot comprises five robot arms, wherein four robot arms face each other around the processing space in the same plane, and the other robot arms are arranged perpendicular to the plane.

The existing machine tool has thick rotating main shafts, a plurality of main shafts are difficult to arrange, and the plurality of main shafts are difficult to process simultaneously. With the machine tool of the mechanical arm according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, up to 5 spindles can be arranged in the same machine tool, and workpieces can be machined simultaneously. The multi-shaft simultaneous processing machine tool adopts the main shafts with parallel structures, and can be arranged with at most 5 main shafts in the same machine tool due to the advantages of high rigidity, high strength and small volume of the parallel structures, and can realize simultaneous processing and improve the production efficiency.

In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present disclosure and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

In the description of the present disclosure, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, and communicatively connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this disclosure will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in the specific context.

The described features, structures, or characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the above description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the disclosed aspects may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.

Claims

1. A mechanical arm is characterized by comprising a movable platform, a static platform and at least three branched chains respectively connected with the movable platform and the static platform,

the branched chain comprises a connecting rod and a moving rod connected with the connecting rod, the connecting rod is rotationally connected with the static platform, and the moving rod is rotationally connected with the moving platform;

the mechanical arm further comprises a rotary driving assembly, the connecting rod is provided with a connecting fulcrum connected with the rotary driving assembly, the rotary driving assembly drives the connecting rod to rotate around a first rotation axis by taking the connecting fulcrum as a force acting point, and the connecting fulcrum is arranged between two ends of the connecting rod.

2. The mechanical arm of claim 1, wherein the connection fulcrum is disposed between a midpoint of the connection rod and an end of the connection rod remote from the mobile platform.

3. The mechanical arm of claim 1, wherein the branched chain has two degrees of rotational freedom relative to the stationary platform, one of the two degrees of rotational freedom being effected by the rotational drive assembly driving the connecting rod, the other of the two degrees of rotational freedom being effected by a second axis of rotation about which the connecting rod is located about the connection fulcrum, the first axis of rotation intersecting the second axis of rotation.

4. A robotic arm as claimed in claim 3, in which the first and second axes of rotation are mutually perpendicular.

5. A mechanical arm according to claim 3, wherein the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the stationary platform through a first connecting assembly, the rotary driving assembly is arranged on the stationary platform, the first connecting assembly is connected with the rotary driving assembly through a first rotary shaft and is rotatably connected with the connecting fulcrum through a second rotary shaft, the rotary axis of the first rotary shaft coincides with the first rotary axis, and the rotary axis of the second rotary shaft coincides with the second rotary axis.

6. The mechanical arm according to claim 5, wherein a connecting seat is arranged around the connecting rod, the connecting seat comprises a support plate extending along the axial direction of the connecting rod and side plates connected to two sides of the support plate, the connecting fulcrums are respectively arranged on the side plates on two sides, and the connecting rod is connected with the first connecting assembly through the connecting seat.

7. The mechanical arm according to claim 6, wherein the support plate is provided with a hollowed-out portion; or the support plate is arranged on one side of the connecting rod, which is opposite to the static platform.

8. The mechanical arm according to claim 6, wherein the connecting fulcrum is provided between both ends of the side plate in the axial direction of the connecting rod.

9. The mechanical arm according to claim 5, wherein the rotation driving assembly comprises a first driving motor, the first connecting assembly comprises a first connecting bracket, the first connecting bracket is arranged between the static platform and the branched chain, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are respectively arranged at two ends of the first connecting bracket, the first connecting bracket is connected with an output shaft of the first driving motor through the first rotating shaft, and the second end of the first connecting bracket is connected to the connecting fulcrum.

10. The mechanical arm according to claim 9, wherein the first connecting bracket is a U-shaped bracket, the U-shaped bracket includes two legs respectively located at opposite ends of the U-shaped bracket, and a bottom connecting shaft, an opening of the U-shaped bracket faces the connecting rod, the two legs are respectively connected with the connecting pivot in a rotating manner, and the bottom connecting shaft is connected with the rotation driving assembly.

11. A robotic arm as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first axis of rotation intersects the second axis of rotation at intersection points o, each of the intersection points o being disposed uniformly on and about a first circumference, one of the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation being disposed along a radial direction of the first circumference, the other of the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation being disposed along a tangential direction of the first circumference.

12. The robotic arm of claim 11, wherein the branches are three, the three branches being arranged in a regular triangle about the first circumference.

13. The robotic arm of claim 1, further comprising a movement drive assembly for moving the movement bar relative to the connecting rod, the movement drive assembly disposed at an end of the connecting rod remote from the movable platform, at least a portion of the movement drive assembly being located on a side of the connection fulcrum remote from the movable platform.

14. The mechanical arm of claim 1, wherein the branched chain has at least two degrees of rotational freedom with respect to the movable platform, or the rotational drive assembly is disposed on the stationary platform, or the branched chain is three.

15. The mechanical arm of claim 5, wherein the rotary drive assembly comprises a first drive motor, an output shaft of the first drive motor being coupled to the first rotary shaft.

16. The mechanical arm according to claim 15, wherein the rotation driving assembly further comprises a worm gear assembly, the first driving motor transmits the rotation driving force to the first connecting assembly through the worm gear assembly, the worm gear assembly comprises a worm gear and a worm meshed with each other, the worm gear is fixedly connected with the first rotation shaft, and the worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the first driving motor.

17. The mechanical arm of claim 15, wherein the rotary drive assembly further comprises a harmonic reducer coupled between the first drive motor and the first coupling assembly, the rotary drive assembly further comprising a drive wheel fixedly coupled to an output shaft of the first drive motor and a driven wheel receiving a rotary drive force from the drive wheel, the driven wheel being fixedly coupled coaxially with a wave generator of the harmonic reducer.

18. The mechanical arm of claim 5, wherein the rotary driving assembly comprises a linear driving assembly, the linear driving assembly is arranged on one side of the static platform away from the movable platform, the linear driving assembly is rotatably connected with the connecting rod through a third connecting assembly, and the third connecting assembly is arranged on one side of the static platform away from the movable platform.

19. A robot comprising a robotic arm as claimed in any one of claims 1-18.

20. The robot of claim 19, further comprising a base and a control arm mounted on the base, the robotic arm being coupled to the control arm, the first axis of rotation corresponding to at least one branch of the robotic arm extending in a horizontal direction.

21. The robot of claim 19, wherein the robot further comprises an actuating assembly mounted on the movable platform, the robot comprising at least two of the robot arms, a processing space being formed between the at least two robot arms, the actuating assemblies of the at least two robot arms each being disposed toward the processing space.

22. The robot of claim 21, comprising five of said robotic arms, four of which face each other in a common plane around said process space, the remaining one of said robotic arms being disposed perpendicular to said plane.

23. The robot of claim 19, wherein the robot is a surgical robot or an industrial robot.

24. An industrial production system, characterized in that the industrial production system comprises a processing chamber and the robot of claim 19, wherein a through hole is formed in the cavity wall of the processing chamber, the mechanical arm further comprises an execution assembly arranged on the movable platform, and one end of the execution assembly extends into the processing chamber through the through hole.

25. The industrial production system of claim 24, wherein a seal is disposed on the through-hole, the seal being in sealing connection with the implement assembly.