CN220380947U - Experimental device for measure liquid viscosity coefficient - Google Patents
Experimental device for measure liquid viscosity coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN220380947U CN220380947U CN202321803635.6U CN202321803635U CN220380947U CN 220380947 U CN220380947 U CN 220380947U CN 202321803635 U CN202321803635 U CN 202321803635U CN 220380947 U CN220380947 U CN 220380947U
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000005528 Arctium lappa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an experimental device for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient, which belongs to the technical field of liquid viscosity coefficient experimental devices, and comprises a water tank with a notch at the top, wherein an air cushion guide rail which is horizontally arranged and provided with scales is arranged at the top of the water tank, and a sliding block capable of axially moving along the air cushion guide rail is arranged on the air cushion guide rail; the sliding block is connected with a small ball which can be immersed in the liquid to be detected in the water tank; the sliding block is connected with a thin wire, and the other end of the thin wire bypasses a fixed pulley arranged at one end of the air cushion guide rail and is connected with a heavy object, so that the small ball moves horizontally along the axial direction of the air cushion guide rail along with the sliding block; one end of the air cushion guide rail, which is close to the fixed pulley, is provided with a photoelectric door to detect the time of the light shielding sheet arranged on the sliding block passing through the photoelectric door. Compared with the falling ball method in the prior art, the small ball in the liquid to be tested moves horizontally, so that experimental errors caused by uncertain falling tracks of the small ball in the vertically placed water tank can be effectively avoided, and the intuitiveness and accuracy of the experiment are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of liquid viscosity coefficient experimental devices, and relates to an experimental device for measuring liquid viscosity coefficient.
Background
The viscosity coefficient, also known as the internal friction coefficient or viscosity, of a liquid is an important physical quantity describing the nature of the internal friction of the liquid. It characterizes the ability of a liquid to resist deformation, only when there is relative motion in the liquid. The viscosity coefficient is more sensitive to temperature than to material, the viscosity coefficient of a liquid decreases with increasing temperature, whereas a gas increases in a substantially proportional manner. The viscosity coefficient of liquid is studied and measured, and the viscosity coefficient has important effect on the research of material science, engineering technology and other fields. The viscosity coefficient measuring method in the experiment is mainly three methods, namely a falling ball method, a capillary method and a comparative rotation method. The most common and simplest method is a falling ball method, but the method has defects, such as unstable falling track of a small ball, and large experimental error is easy to cause; on the other hand, the falling ball method is not suitable for a liquid having a large viscosity coefficient. This will lead to certain inaccuracy and limitation in the physical teaching process of measuring the viscosity coefficient of the liquid by adopting the traditional falling ball method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, it is an object of the present application to provide an experimental device for measuring the viscosity coefficient of a liquid, so as to achieve an accurate measurement of the viscosity coefficient in a wider range.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:
the experimental device for measuring the viscosity coefficient of the liquid comprises a water tank with a notch at the top, wherein an air cushion guide rail which is horizontally arranged and provided with scales is arranged at the top of the water tank, and a sliding block capable of moving along the axial direction of the air cushion guide rail is arranged on the air cushion guide rail; the sliding block is connected with a small ball which can be immersed in the liquid to be detected in the water tank; the sliding block is connected with a thin wire, and the other end of the thin wire bypasses a fixed pulley arranged at one end of the air cushion guide rail and is connected with a heavy object, so that the small ball moves horizontally along the axial direction of the air cushion guide rail along with the sliding block; one end of the air cushion guide rail, which is close to the fixed pulley, is provided with a photoelectric door to detect the time of the light shielding sheet arranged on the sliding block passing through the photoelectric door.
Optionally, the pellet is located in the center of the trough.
Optionally, the ball and the sliding block are rigidly connected, and the gravity center line of the ball is coincident with the gravity center line of the sliding block.
Optionally, the air rail has an inverted V-shaped guide surface, and the slider has an inverted V-shaped structure that mates with the air rail guide surface.
Optionally, the cross section of the slider is inverted V-shaped.
Optionally, the water tank is cylindrical and the axis is parallel to the air rail.
Optionally, the weight is one or more of a set of weights.
Alternatively, the thin wire and the slider are made of lightweight materials.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the small ball placed in the liquid to be measured moves horizontally along the air cushion guide rail along with the sliding block, and the weight tied at one end of the thin wire in the sliding block system is changed, so that the pulling force applied to the sliding block is changed in the free falling process of the weight, and the time for the small ball to reach a uniform speed when moving in the liquid to be measured is changed. Compared with the ball falling method in the prior art, the ball falling method has the advantages that as the ball in the liquid to be detected moves horizontally, experimental errors caused by uncertain falling tracks of the ball in the vertically placed water tank can be effectively avoided, and the accuracy of experiments is improved. Meanwhile, the utility model can also realize the measurement of the viscosity coefficient of the opaque liquid, and can achieve remarkable effect through simple operation in activities such as teaching, display and the like, so that observers can intuitively and accurately understand the measurement principle and method of the viscosity coefficient of the liquid.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the utility model. The objects and other advantages of the utility model may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the present utility model will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for measuring viscosity coefficient of liquid according to the present utility model.
Reference numerals: the anti-dazzling screen comprises an anti-dazzling screen 1, a sliding block 2, an air cushion guide rail 3, a water tank 4, a small ball 5, a fine wire 6, a photoelectric door 7, a weight 8 and a fixed pulley 9.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present utility model will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present utility model with reference to specific examples. The utility model may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present utility model. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present utility model by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the utility model; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the utility model, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the utility model correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present utility model, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1, an experimental device for measuring viscosity coefficient of liquid is composed of a sliding block system, a fixed pulley 9, an air cushion guide rail 3 provided with scales, a water tank 4 for containing liquid to be measured and a detection photoelectric door 7, wherein the sliding block system comprises a sliding block 2, a small ball 5, a thin wire 6 and a weight 8. The slider 2 in the slider system is arranged above the air cushion guide rail 3, the air cushion guide rail 3 is arranged above the water tank 4, the small ball 5 in the slider system is completely immersed into the liquid to be detected in the water tank 4, the slider 2 is connected with the heavy object 8 through the thin wire 6, the thin wire 6 bypasses the fixed pulley 9 to drive the slider 2 to move on the air cushion guide rail 3 in the process that the heavy object 8 freely falls, and the detection photoelectric door 7 is positioned at a proper position close to the tail end of the air cushion guide rail 3. During experiments, the air cushion guide rail 3 is opened, the weight 8 can drive the sliding block 2 to pass through the photoelectric door 7 in the free falling process, and the time for the sliding block 2 to pass through the photoelectric door 7 is recorded. The viscosity coefficient of the liquid can be obtained through Stokes equation and Reynolds correction by measuring the time taken by the sliding block 2 to pass through the photoelectric gate 7 under the condition of different weights for a plurality of times. In the experiment, before the air cushion guide rail 3 is opened, the air cushion guide rail 3 and the water tank 4 are leveled by using the bubble level.
Compared with the falling ball method in the prior art, the small ball 5 in the liquid to be tested moves horizontally, so that experimental errors caused by uncertain falling tracks of the small ball in the vertically placed water tank can be effectively avoided, and the intuitiveness and accuracy of the experiment are effectively improved.
Optionally, the position of the small ball 5 is in the center of the liquid, and the small ball 5 is rigidly connected with the sliding block 2; the diameter of the small ball 5 should be as small as possible and the diameter of the water tank 4 should be as large as possible within the realizable range; the fine wire 6 is a light rope, and the sliding block 2 and a connecting piece for connecting the sliding block and the small ball are made of light materials as far as possible; the water tank 4 is a horizontally placed cylindrical water tank 4 with two ends of an upper opening sealed, and is arranged right below the air cushion guide rail 3; the slider 2 is provided with a light shielding sheet 1, and the time of the light shielding sheet 1 passing through the photoelectric door 7 is taken as the time of the slider system passing through the photoelectric door 7 in experiments.
The operation method of the utility model is as follows:
1. measurement procedure
(1) An effective viscosity coefficient measuring and calculating system is built by utilizing the designs of an air cushion guide rail, a small ball, a detection photoelectric door, a heavy object, a thin line, a cylindrical water tank and the like.
The physical meaning and measurement mode of each experimental parameter are shown in table 1:
table 1 experimental parameters
| Parameters (parameters) | Meaning of physics | Measurement mode |
| D(cm) | Diameter of cylindrical flume | Vernier callipers |
| d(cm) | Diameter of the pellets | Screw micrometer |
| M and M (g) | Slider system | Electronic scale (precision 0.1 g) |
| t(ms) | Time for light shielding sheet to pass through photoelectric door | Detection photoelectric gate (precision 0.1 ms) |
| L(mm) | Length of cylindrical water tank | Metric ruler (precision 1 mm) |
| W(mm) | Width of shading sheet | Vernier callipers |
| T(℃) | Current temperature | Digital thermometer precision (0.1 ℃ C.) |
The measurement data of each physical quantity are recorded in table 2:
table 2 original test record table
(2) Correctly assembled experimental instrument
(1) The sliding block system is placed on the air cushion guide rail, so that the small ball is completely immersed into the liquid to be detected, the position of the small ball is adjusted, the sliding block system is ensured to be in non-contact with the water tank, and the small ball is positioned in the center of the liquid.
(2) And (3) opening an air source, and leveling the air cushion guide rail by using the bubble level.
(3) The air source is closed, and the thin wire with the weight is connected with the sliding block system.
(3) Detecting photogate installation
When the system reaches a uniform speed, the photoelectric gate is arranged at a proper position at the tail end of the air cushion guide rail, the digital timer is cleared, the air source is opened to start an experiment, and the time t for the two ends of the light shielding sheet to pass through the photoelectric gate is taken 1 And t 2 Recorded in raw experimental data table 3, and measured multiple times (greater than 8).
(4) The weight mass was changed and the experiment was repeated (5 weights of different masses were taken separately in the experiment).
Time t for passing two ends of shading sheet through photoelectric door 1 And t 2 Recorded in raw data table 3, and the reynolds number and uncorrected are calculated.
TABLE 3 time taken for two ends of the gobo to pass through the photogate and corresponding calculated Reynolds number and viscosity coefficient
2. Calculation process
When the small ball moves in the infinitely large liquid, the vortex and the like are not considered, and the viscous force born by the small ball is f= -3 pi eta vd, wherein f is the viscous force born by the small ball; d is the diameter of the pellet; η is the viscosity coefficient of the liquid at the current temperature and v is the speed of the pellet at this time. Under the actual condition, people cannot meet the liquid condition of infinite extension to do experiments, so that the experiment can only do infinite extension correction on a cylindrical solution tank, and the experiment can obtain after infinite extension correction:
where D is the diameter of the cylindrical tank, L is the length of the tank, d=2 r, and r is the radius of the cylinder.
When the air rail is long enough, the weight force balances with the pulling force F of the thin wire, i.e., f=f. For the slide and the pellet (total mass M), f=mg=3pi vηd, therefore:
since the stokes equation is applicable to infinitely large liquids, infinite extension correction is required:
the sliding block system moves towards the right end of the air cushion guide rail under the tensile force of the heavy object, and the stress condition of the system is shown in the right diagram. Because the air rail is leveled, the friction force f of the slider in the horizontal direction Friction of =0, where the slider system is only subjected to a horizontal right pull force f=mg and a horizontal left viscous force F to which the ball is subjected. When the sliding block system moves at a uniform speed:
is provided withThen->Then->The velocity v and the distance S of the horizontal movement of the slider system can be expressed as:
v＝A(1-e -Bt ) (5)
if t=10/B is taken, there is
v＝A(1-e -10 )≈A (7)
Wherein S is the distance during uniform motion, and A is the speed during uniform motion.
In the experiment, an air cushion guide rail and a pulley with smaller friction are selected, so that the friction force is negligible. In order to reduce the system error and facilitate the correction of infinite extension, a cylindrical interface is selected as the water tank, and the shape of the cylindrical interface is shown in figure 1. The infinite extension correction yields f=3pi vηd (1+2.4d/D) (1+1.6d/L). For a cylinder, d=2 r, r is the radius of the cylinder and L is the cylinder length.
Therefore, theoretically, the distance when the ball reaches a uniform speed without considering the friction force is:
in practice, the movement of the object in a uniform and stable liquid is also affected by the Reynolds number (Re), the viscous force being multiplied by the Reynolds number correction term, i.eThe corrected viscous force is:
wherein, (3/16) Re and (19/1080) Re 2 The first order correction and the second order correction of the Stokes formula are respectively performed.
The constant speed can be calculated according to the data table 3
Bringing the velocity v into (3) to obtain an infinitely extensive viscosity coefficient eta Uncorrected and not corrected 。
According to different eta Uncorrected and not corrected And (3) carrying out corresponding primary correction or secondary correction on the viscosity coefficient by using the Reynolds number under the condition (10).
Calculating relative error:
for the viscosity coefficient eta obtained under the same weight 1 And the relative error delta were arithmetically averaged to obtain the final experimental results as shown in table 4 below. (the calculated Reynolds number Re is smaller than 1, so the resistance of the ball in the experiment can be calculated by Stokes formula, and the result is only needed to be corrected by one step.
Table 4 viscosity coefficients and relative errors thereof
η Standard of ＝1.56Pa·s。
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model and not for limiting the same, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental device for measure liquid viscosity coefficient, its characterized in that: the device comprises a water tank with a notch at the top, wherein an air cushion guide rail which is horizontally arranged and provided with scales is arranged at the top of the water tank, and a sliding block capable of axially moving along the air cushion guide rail is arranged on the air cushion guide rail; the sliding block is connected with a small ball which can be immersed in the liquid to be detected in the water tank; the sliding block is connected with a thin wire, and the other end of the thin wire bypasses a fixed pulley arranged at one end of the air cushion guide rail and is connected with a heavy object, so that the small ball moves horizontally along the axial direction of the air cushion guide rail along with the sliding block; one end of the air cushion guide rail, which is close to the fixed pulley, is provided with a photoelectric door to detect the time of the light shielding sheet arranged on the sliding block passing through the photoelectric door.
2. An experimental device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the small ball is positioned at the center of the water tank.
3. An experimental device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the ball and the slide block are rigidly connected, and the gravity center line of the ball is coincident with the gravity center line of the slide block.
4. An experimental device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the air cushion guide rail is provided with an inverted V-shaped guide surface, and the sliding block is provided with an inverted V-shaped structure matched with the guide surface of the air cushion guide rail.
5. An experimental device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the sliding block is in an inverted V shape.
6. An experimental device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the water tank is cylindrical, and the axis is parallel to the air cushion guide rail.
7. An experimental device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the weight is one or more of a set of weights.
8. An experimental device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the thin wire and the sliding block are all made of light materials.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321803635.6U CN220380947U (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Experimental device for measure liquid viscosity coefficient |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321803635.6U CN220380947U (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Experimental device for measure liquid viscosity coefficient |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220380947U true CN220380947U (en) | 2024-01-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321803635.6U Active CN220380947U (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Experimental device for measure liquid viscosity coefficient |
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| CN (1) | CN220380947U (en) |
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- 2023-07-10 CN CN202321803635.6U patent/CN220380947U/en active Active
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