CN220357222U - Thermal runaway device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a thermal runaway device, and relates to the technical field of battery safety detection. The thermal runaway device comprises a graphite box body, a refractory piece, a collector and a power supply, wherein a first cavity is formed in the graphite box body, a detection hole is formed in the graphite box body, the refractory piece is placed in the first cavity, a battery is suitable for being placed on the refractory piece, a collection line on the collector penetrates through the detection hole and then stretches into the first cavity, and the power supply is electrically connected with the graphite box body. According to the thermal runaway device, the battery is placed in the graphite box body, the graphite box body is electrified, joule heat is generated in the electrifying process, the battery is heated by utilizing the joule heat to realize thermal runaway triggering of the battery, the batteries of different types can be adapted, and meanwhile, the temperature rising rate is regulated and controlled by adjusting the size of the current and the size of the first cavity.

Description

Thermal runaway device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of battery safety detection, in particular to a thermal runaway device.

Background

In the related art, conventional lithium ion battery thermal safety evaluation methods mainly include hot box test, ARC test, and the like.

The heating control mode of the heating box is mainly to heat the battery arranged inside by using the heating box body, and the heat conduction is diffusion heating. However, since the volume inside the case is large, the propagation rate of heat diffusion by air is also slow, and thus a stepwise heating method is generally required. That is, the case should be kept for a long time after each step of temperature rise to achieve the temperature rise inside the battery to be consistent with the environment, and then the temperature rise is continued in this way until the thermal runaway of the battery. This method generally takes several hours, the test time is long, and the size of the tested cell cannot exceed the size of the test case.

The ARC test is a method for researching the characteristic temperature of a thermal runaway process of a battery by an adiabatic temperature rise method, which requires extremely low temperature rise rate and high test precision and test cavity requirements, thereby bringing the problems of high test equipment cost and prolonged test time, and also cannot perform the ARC test on a battery with a size exceeding the specification of the test cavity.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent, and can improve the adaptability of detection and reduce the detection cost on the premise of not influencing the detection precision.

To this end, embodiments of the present utility model provide a thermal runaway device.

A thermal runaway device according to an embodiment of the utility model includes: the graphite box body is internally provided with a first cavity, and a detection hole is formed in the graphite box body; a refractory member disposed within the first cavity, the refractory member being adapted to receive a battery thereon; the acquisition line on the acquisition device passes through the detection hole and then stretches into the first cavity; and the power supply is electrically connected with the graphite box body.

According to the thermal runaway device provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the battery is placed in the graphite box body, and the graphite box body is electrified, so that the graphite has good heat conduction, electric conduction and processing characteristics, and the electrification process is accompanied with the generation of Joule heat. The graphite box body is electrified, joule heat is generated, the battery is heated by utilizing the joule heat to realize thermal runaway triggering of the battery, the batteries of different types can be adapted, and meanwhile, the temperature rising rate is regulated and controlled by adjusting the current and the size of the first cavity.

In some embodiments, the graphite box is a cylindrical box and the first cavity is circular or polygonal in cross section.

In some embodiments, the thermal runaway device further comprises a first cover plate, a first opening is arranged on the graphite box body, the battery is suitable for being placed into the first cavity through the first opening, and the first cover plate is arranged at the first opening to open and close the first opening.

In some embodiments, a notch structure is disposed at the first opening, a boss structure is disposed on the first cover plate, and the notch structure and the boss structure are disposed in cooperation with each other.

In some embodiments, the thermal runaway device further comprises a graphite spacer disposed within the first cavity to adjust the volume of the first cavity, the refractory piece being disposed on the graphite spacer.

In some embodiments, the thermal runaway device further comprises a refractory support disposed within the first cavity, and a collection wire on the collector is connected to the refractory support.

In some embodiments, the thermal runaway device further comprises a voltage acquisition head and a temperature acquisition head, the voltage acquisition head and the temperature acquisition head are connected to the collector through the acquisition line, and the voltage acquisition head and the temperature acquisition head are arranged on the battery.

In some embodiments, the thermal runaway device further comprises a second cover plate, a second opening is arranged on the graphite box body, the second opening is arranged opposite to the first opening, and the second cover plate is arranged at the second opening to open and close the second opening.

In some embodiments, the refractory member is a non-conductive refractory brick.

In some embodiments, the collector is an electronic information collection device.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. Other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal runaway device according to an embodiment of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the thermal runaway device of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is another cross-sectional view of the thermal runaway device shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a top view of the thermal runaway device shown in fig. 1.

Reference numerals:

the thermal runaway device 100, the graphite box 10, the first chamber 11, the probe hole 12, the first opening 13, the notch structure 131, the second opening 14, the graphite cushion 15, the refractory 20, the battery 21, the collector 30, the collection wire 31, the voltage collection head 32, the temperature collection head 33, the power supply 40, the first cover plate 41, the boss structure 411, and the second cover plate 42.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

In the field of batteries, batteries have been widely used in the fields of 3C, electric vehicles, energy storage and the like at present due to the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, recyclability and the like. At present, china has the world most perfect battery industry chain, the production and marketing of lithium ion batteries occupy the world first for a long time, the market space is expected to reach trillion scale, and the development prospect is wide.

However, with the increasing intervention of lithium ion batteries for life, the requirements on battery performance are also more and more strict, and the main performance of the battery is required to have electrical performance, long-term cycle performance, safety performance and the like. Among these, the most interesting is the safety performance of the battery, which is a decisive factor for determining whether a battery is designed successfully or not, and the safety performance is usually characterized by a battery abuse test, and the abuse test is conventionally classified into electric abuse, mechanical abuse, thermal abuse, and the like.

In the traditional thermal safety evaluation method, the battery is placed in an explosion-proof box body with a fixed size, and then is heated in a diffusion heat transfer mode, so that thermal runaway is generated, the battery cell size is required to be smaller than the size of the test box body, but the battery with a larger size is generated due to the improvement of the current requirements on the battery energy density and the safety performance, and the current thermal safety performance characterization means for the battery with a large size is difficult.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a thermal runaway device 100 according to an embodiment of the present utility model includes a graphite case 10, a refractory 20, a collector 30, and a power source 40.

A first cavity 11 is arranged in the graphite box body 10, and a detection hole 12 is arranged on the graphite box body 10. A refractory member 20 is placed in the first chamber 11, and the refractory member 20 is adapted to receive a battery 21. The collection wire 31 on the collector 30 passes through the detection hole 12 and then extends into the first cavity 11, and the power supply 40 is electrically connected with the graphite box 10.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a refractory 20 is disposed in the first chamber 11, and the refractory 20 may be used to place a battery 21 thereon. Thus, the battery 21 is prevented from directly contacting the graphite case 10, and the safety of the thermal runaway device 100 and the detection accuracy of the thermal runaway of the battery 21 are improved.

According to the thermal runaway device 100 of the embodiment of the present utility model, by placing the battery 21 in the graphite case 10 and energizing the graphite case 10, the energizing process is accompanied by the generation of joule heat due to the good heat conduction, electrical conduction and processing characteristics possessed by graphite itself. The graphite box 10 is electrified, and the joule heat is generated, so that the battery 21 is heated by utilizing the joule heat to realize thermal runaway triggering of the battery 21, the battery 21 with different models can be adapted, the test cost is lower than that of other test methods, and meanwhile, the temperature rising rate is regulated and controlled by regulating the current and the size of the first cavity 11.

As described above, the thermal runaway device 100 according to the embodiment of the present utility model uses the graphite after being energized as a heat source, and triggers thermal runaway of the battery by applying an electric current to the graphite case 10 and heating the battery 21 located in the graphite case 10 by joule heat generated during the energization of the graphite.

In this application, based on the good processability of graphite, graphite box 10 can adapt to the lithium ion battery thermal safety characteristic aassessment of different models, adjusts and controls the rate of heating up through the size of adjusting input current's size and graphite box 10 simultaneously, and the test process can realize the collection of battery voltage signal and characteristic position characteristic temperature signal.

Preferably, the test process is performed by collecting information related to the test process through the collector 30, and the collection line 31 connects the battery 21 and the collector 30 through the detection hole 12 at the side of the graphite case 10.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-4, the graphite box 10 is a cylindrical box and the first chamber 11 is circular or polygonal in cross-section.

It can be appreciated that the graphite box 10 is a cylindrical box, so that the design and manufacturing cost of the graphite box 10 are lower.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-4, the thermal runaway device 100 further includes a first cover plate 41. The graphite case 10 is provided with a first opening 13, and the battery 21 is adapted to be placed into the first chamber 11 through the first opening 13, and a first cover 41 is provided at the first opening 13 to open and close the first opening 13.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the graphite case 10 is a cylinder, and the first chamber 11 is circular in cross section. The graphite case 10 is provided with the first opening 13 on the top thereof, thereby facilitating the placement of the battery 21 into the first chamber 11 and improving the stability of the battery 21 in the first chamber 11.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first opening 13 is provided with a notch structure 131, and the first cover plate 41 is provided with a boss structure 411, where the notch structure 131 and the boss structure 411 are matched with each other.

It will be appreciated that in the present utility model, the coupling between the first cover plate 41 and the graphite case 10 is made more stable by the cooperation of the notch structure 131 and the boss structure 411.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the thermal runaway device 100 further includes a graphite block 15, the graphite block 15 being disposed within the first chamber 11 to adjust the volume of the first chamber 11, and the refractory piece 20 being placed on the graphite block 15.

It will be appreciated that in the present utility model, depending on the volume of the battery 21, it may be optional to place a graphite spacer 15 within the first chamber 11, the graphite spacer 15 being in direct contact with the graphite housing 10. The graphite spacer 15 can effectively reduce the volume of the first chamber 11, which is beneficial to improving the heating efficiency of the graphite box 10.

In some embodiments, the thermal runaway device 100 further includes a refractory support (not shown) disposed within the first chamber 11 to which the collection wires 31 on the collector 30 are connected.

It will be appreciated that a refractory support may be provided within the first chamber 11 and the collection wire 31 may be secured to the refractory support. Thereby, the stability and safety of the collecting wire 31 during heating are effectively improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the thermal runaway device 100 further includes a voltage acquisition head 32 and a temperature acquisition head 33. The voltage acquisition head 32 and the temperature acquisition head 33 are both connected to the collector 30 through the acquisition line 31, and the voltage acquisition head 32 and the temperature acquisition head 33 are both disposed on the battery 21.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the thermal runaway device 100 further includes a second cover plate 42. The graphite case 10 is provided with a second opening 14, the second opening 14 is disposed opposite to the first opening 13, and a second cover plate 42 is disposed at the second opening 14 to open and close the second opening 14.

It will be appreciated that as shown in fig. 4, the graphite box 10 is cylindrical and the first chamber 11 is circular in cross-section. The second opening 14 is provided on the bottom of the graphite case 10, thereby facilitating the placement of the battery 21 into the first chamber 11 and improving the stability of the battery 21 in the first chamber 11.

In some embodiments, the refractory 20 is a non-conductive refractory brick.

In some embodiments, collector 30 is an electronic information collection device.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present utility model, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A thermal runaway device, comprising:

the graphite box body is internally provided with a first cavity, and a detection hole is formed in the graphite box body;

a refractory member disposed within the first cavity, the refractory member being adapted to receive a battery thereon;

the acquisition line on the acquisition device passes through the detection hole and then stretches into the first cavity;

and the power supply is electrically connected with the graphite box body.

2. A thermal runaway device according to claim 1, wherein the graphite box is a cylindrical box and the first chamber is circular or polygonal in cross section.

3. A thermal runaway device according to claim 2, further comprising a first cover plate provided with a first opening on the graphite case, the battery being adapted to be placed into the first cavity through the first opening, the first cover plate being provided at the first opening to open and close the first opening.

4. A thermal runaway device according to claim 3, wherein a notch structure is provided at the first opening, a boss structure is provided on the first cover plate, and the notch structure and the boss structure are disposed in cooperation with each other.

5. A thermal runaway device according to claim 2, further comprising a graphite spacer disposed within the first chamber to adjust the volume of the first chamber, the refractory member being disposed on the graphite spacer.

6. A thermal runaway device according to claim 2, further comprising a refractory support disposed within the first chamber, a collection wire on the collector being connected to the refractory support.

7. The thermal runaway device of claim 2, further comprising a voltage acquisition head and a temperature acquisition head, wherein the voltage acquisition head and the temperature acquisition head are both connected to the collector by the acquisition line, and wherein the voltage acquisition head and the temperature acquisition head are both disposed on a battery.

8. A thermal runaway device according to claim 3, further comprising a second cover plate provided with a second opening on the graphite case, the second opening being disposed opposite the first opening, the second cover plate being disposed at the second opening to open and close the second opening.

9. A thermal runaway device according to claim 1, wherein the refractory member is a non-conductive refractory brick.

10. The thermal runaway device of claim 1, wherein the collector is an electronic information collection device.