CN220352255U - Molten salt electrolysis metallic lithium's device - Google Patents

Molten salt electrolysis metallic lithium's device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN220352255U
CN220352255U CN202320429110.4U CN202320429110U CN220352255U CN 220352255 U CN220352255 U CN 220352255U CN 202320429110 U CN202320429110 U CN 202320429110U CN 220352255 U CN220352255 U CN 220352255U
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lithium
cathode
outlet
anode
electrolysis
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CN202320429110.4U
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曲涛
张文正
孔德全
陈继斌
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Yunnan Tusai Engineering Construction Co ltd
Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Yunnan Tusai Engineering Construction Co ltd
Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for electrolyzing metal lithium by molten salt, which comprises a heating device, a tank body, a top cover, a bottom communication channel, an anode, a cathode, a chlorine outlet, an anode binding post, a feeding port, a middle wall, a cathode binding post, a lithium outlet, a lithium collecting chamber, a cathode cavity outlet, a lithium collecting port and an electrolysis chamber, wherein the bottom communication channel is arranged at the bottom of the tank body; the utility model is provided with the bottom communicating channel, can keep stable liquid level height, ensures stable output of liquid lithium, ensures that the anode is higher than the cathode, ensures that the negative reaction and the positive reaction are independently carried out, does not carry out reverse reaction, sets the gap between the anode and the cathode to be 5-10mm, has longer reaction time with the same liquid amount, can enable the reaction to be more complete, ensures the high electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis cell by the U-shaped heat exchange tube, enables the electrolysis reaction to be more complete, ensures higher purity of the produced lithium, and reduces the operation difficulty.

Description

Molten salt electrolysis metallic lithium's device
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of nonferrous metal metallurgy, and relates to a molten salt electrolysis metal lithium device.
Background
Lithium is the lightest and most active metal in the world, is known as industrial monosodium glutamate, has important strategic resource function, has wide application in various aspects including electric power, aerospace, pharmacy, plastic cement, ceramics, nuclear industry, aerospace engineering, modern manufacturing technology and the like, is an indispensable important part in modern technology and scientific engineering, and has very important status.
The purity of lithium varies and even varies considerably from industry to industry and from field to field. For example, low purity metallic lithium is often used for rubber synthesis, while high purity metallic lithium is widely used in important high-end fields such as lithium batteries, lithium alloys, and nuclear energy, and it is generally required that the purity of lithium is 99.9% or more. The lithium metal with high purity is usually obtained by further rectifying and purifying on the basis of the metal lithium prepared by molten salt electrolysis, which obviously increases the production cost of the high-purity metal lithium, so that the existing electrolysis device is completely necessary to be improved to improve the purity of the product and reduce the cost.
The foreign electrolytic metal lithium is mostly used in the U.S. and German electrolytic tanks, the U.S. separator-free lithium electrolytic tank body is welded by steel plates, the outer wall and the bottom are heated by gas flame, 5 graphite anodes are inserted from the top and are vertically placed, and a cathode is fixed at the tank bottom and is made of low carbon steel. The German cell is made of refractory brick, talc or artificial corundum as lining, cover plate made of same material, operation hole on the cover plate, cathode inserted vertically from the bottom of the cell, cylindrical receiver hanging on the upper part of the cathode for collecting metal lithium floating from the melt, and diaphragm around the receiver. The electrolytic tank in China takes a round tank as a main part, a lithium outlet barrel on a tank cover collects liquid metal lithium generated by electrolysis, and a temperature control device of the electrolytic tank is arranged outside a tank body. The three electrolytic tanks have the advantages of energy consumption, electric loss exceeding 70kWh/kg, no automation device, lower production efficiency, high production cost, service life of the electrolytic tank not exceeding 3 years, stronger reverse reaction effect, electrolysis efficiency less than 90 percent and purity of an electrolysis product less than 98.5 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a molten salt electrolysis metal lithium device, liCl-KCl electrolyte can obtain high-purity metal lithium after being electrolyzed by the device, and the device can reduce electrolysis energy consumption and production cost.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
a molten salt electrolysis metal lithium device comprises a heating device 1, a tank body 2, a top cover 3, a bottom communication channel 4, an anode 5, a cathode 6, a chlorine outlet 7, an anode binding post 8, an inter-cathode channel 9, a feeding port 11, a middle wall 13, a cathode binding post 14, a lithium outlet 16, a lithium collecting chamber 17, a cathode cavity outlet 18, a lithium collecting port 19 and an electrolysis chamber 20;
the heating device 1 is arranged outside the tank body 2, and the electrolytic chamber 20 and the lithium collecting chamber 17 are arranged in the tank body 2;
the upper parts of the electrolysis chamber 20 and the lithium collecting chamber 17 are separated by a middle wall 13, the bottom parts of the electrolysis chamber 20 and the lithium collecting chamber 17 are communicated by a bottom communicating channel 4,
a top cover 3 is arranged at the top of the tank body 2,
a feed inlet 11 and a lithium outlet 16 are arranged on the top cover 3 above the lithium collecting chamber 17, and a chlorine outlet 7 is arranged on the top cover 3 above the electrolysis chamber 20;
the electrolytic chamber 20 is internally provided with a plurality of cathodes 6 and a plurality of anodes 5, the cathodes 6 and the anodes 5 are alternately arranged, a cathode-anode channel 9 is arranged between the cathodes 6 and the anodes 5, electrolyte is circulated, each cathode 6 is internally provided with a cavity, the top is provided with a trapezoid lithium collecting port 19, the side face is provided with a cathode cavity outlet 18, the cavities, the lithium collecting ports 19 and the cathode cavity outlet 18 are communicated, the cathode cavity outlet 18 is communicated with the lithium collecting chamber 17, and the cathodes 6 and the anodes 5 are respectively connected with the conductive aluminum row through a cathode binding post 14 and an anode binding post 8.
A clamping groove is formed in the middle wall 13 between the electrolysis chamber 20 and the lithium collecting chamber 17, a cathode cavity outlet 18 is clamped in the clamping groove, the cathode cavity outlet 18 is opposite to the lithium collecting chamber 17, and lithium liquid enters the lithium collecting chamber 17.
The molten salt electrolysis metal lithium device further comprises a U-shaped heat exchange tube 21, the U-shaped heat exchange tube 21 is positioned in the lithium collecting chamber 17, one end of the U-shaped heat exchange tube 21 is a heat exchange tube inlet 12, an air pump is arranged at one end of the heat exchange tube inlet 12, the other end of the U-shaped heat exchange tube 21 is a heat exchange tube outlet 15, the heat exchange tube inlet 12 and the heat exchange tube outlet 15 are arranged on the top cover 3, the U-shaped heat exchange tube 21 is used for carrying out U-shaped cooling, and a cooling medium is normal-temperature air and the like.
The bottom of the middle wall 13 and the bottom of the cathode 6 are provided with support columns 10, and the middle wall 13 and the support columns 10 are built by refractory wall bricks.
The gap between the adjacent two cathodes 6 and anodes 5, namely the inter-cathode-anode channel 9, is set to be 5-10mm, the bottoms of the cathodes 6 and the anodes 5 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the top of the anode 5 is higher than the cathode 6.
The chlorine outlet 7 is connected with a sucking pump, a chlorine concentration sensor is arranged at the inlet of the sucking pump, and the sucking pump is connected with a chlorine collecting device.
The heating device 1 is a heating resistor.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
the utility model generates high-purity lithium through electrolysis, reduces the power consumption of the electrolytic lithium, realizes the automation of equipment, greatly saves the production power consumption and labor cost, and has the advantages of simple operation, high yield, safety, high product purity and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the structure of the device;
FIG. 2 is a structural side view of the device;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the structure of the device;
FIG. 4 is a top cross-sectional view (A-A) of the structure of the device;
FIG. 5 is a top cross-sectional view (B-B) of the structure of the device;
FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view (C-C) of the structure of the device;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the positional relationship between the cathode and anode of the device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a U-shaped heat exchange tube;
in the figure: the device comprises a 1-heating device, a 2-tank body, a 3-top cover, a 4-bottom communication channel, a 5-anode, a 6-cathode, a 7-chlorine outlet, an 8-anode binding post, a 9-cathode-anode channel, a 10-supporting column, an 11-feeding port, a 12-heat exchange tube inlet, a 13-middle wall, a 14-cathode binding post, a 15-heat exchange tube outlet, a 16-lithium outlet, a 17-lithium collecting chamber, a 18-cathode cavity outlet, a 19-lithium collecting port, a 20-electrolysis chamber and a 21-U-shaped heat exchange tube.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
The molten salt electrolysis metal lithium device has the advantages of low energy consumption, high purity lithium generation, automation of equipment, great saving of production power consumption and labor cost, simplicity in operation, high yield, safety, high product purity and the like.
The utility model relates to a molten salt electrolysis metal lithium device, which is shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, and comprises a heating device 1, a tank body 2, a top cover 3, a bottom communication channel 4, an anode 5, a cathode 6, a chlorine outlet 7, an anode binding post 8, an inter-cathode-anode channel 9, a support column 10, a feed inlet 11, a heat exchange tube inlet 12, a middle wall 13, a cathode binding post 14, a heat exchange tube outlet 15, a lithium outlet 16, a lithium collecting chamber 17, a cathode cavity outlet 18, a lithium collecting port 19, an electrolysis chamber 20 and a U-shaped heat exchange tube 21;
the side surface of the tank body 2 is externally provided with a heating device 1, the heating device 1 is a heating resistor, the tank body 2 is formed by welding carbon steel, and an electrolysis chamber 20 and a lithium collecting chamber 17 are arranged in the tank body 2;
the electrolysis chamber 20 is separated from the middle wall 13 which is built by refractory bricks at the middle upper part of the lithium collecting chamber 17, the middle wall 13 is supported by the support column 10 which is built by refractory bricks at the bottom, the electrolysis chamber 20 and the lithium collecting chamber 17 are communicated by the bottom communicating channel 4,
a top cover 3 is arranged at the top of the tank body 2,
a top cover 3 above the lithium collecting chamber 17 is provided with a feed inlet 11, a lithium outlet 16, a heat exchange tube inlet 12 and a heat exchange tube outlet 15, one end of the heat exchange tube inlet 12 is provided with an air pump, the other end of the heat exchange tube inlet 12 is connected with a U-shaped heat exchange tube 21, the U-shaped heat exchange tube 21 is positioned in the lithium collecting chamber 17, the other end of the U-shaped heat exchange tube 21 is connected with the heat exchange tube outlet 15, the heat exchange tube in the lithium collecting chamber 17 is formed by connecting a plurality of U-shaped tubes in series, the U-shaped cooling is performed, and a cooling medium is normal temperature air;
a chlorine outlet 7 is also arranged on the top cover 3 above the electrolysis chamber 20, the chlorine outlet 7 is connected with a sucking pump, a chlorine concentration sensor is arranged at the inlet of the sucking pump, and the sucking pump is connected with a chlorine collecting device;
the electrolytic chamber 20 is internally provided with 5 cathodes 6 and 4 anodes 5, the cathodes 6 and the anodes 5 are alternately arranged, the cathodes 6 are supported by a bottom support column 10, the support column is built by refractory bricks, a cavity is arranged in each cathode 6, the top is provided with a trapezoid lithium collecting port 19, the side face is provided with a cathode cavity outlet 18, the cavity, the lithium collecting port 19 and the cathode cavity outlet 18 are communicated, a clamping groove is formed in a middle wall 13 between the electrolytic chamber 20 and the lithium collecting chamber 17, the cathode cavity outlet 18 is clamped in the clamping groove, the cathode cavity outlet 18 is opposite to the lithium collecting chamber 17, lithium liquid enters the lithium collecting chamber 17, and the cathodes 6 and the anodes 5 are respectively connected with a conductive aluminum row through a cathode binding post 14 and an anode binding post 8; the gap between two adjacent cathodes 6 and anodes 5, namely, the inter-cathode channel 9 is set to be 5-10mm, the bottoms of the cathodes 6 and the anodes 5 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the top of the anode 5 is higher than the cathode 6, the independent progress of the cathode and anode reactions is ensured, the reverse reaction is not performed, the voltage of external power supply equipment is 5-6.5V, the current is 2-60kA, the outer wall of the tank body 2 is provided with heat preservation refractory bricks for heat preservation, and the thermocouple is arranged in the tank body 2 for monitoring the internal temperature.
The application mode of the utility model is as follows:
in the operation process, electrolyte (50% KCl-50% LiCl electrolyte) of the lithium collecting chamber 17 is filled into the electrolytic chamber 20 through the bottom communicating channel 4 and the cathode-anode channel 9, the liquid level of the electrolytic chamber 20 and the lithium collecting chamber 17 is kept consistent, the heating device 1 heats the inside of the tank body 2 to 390-450 ℃, the cathode 6 and the anode 5 are connected with a 5-6.5V and 2-60kA power supply, the electrolyte fully contacts with the polar plate at a gap between the cathode and the anode, metallic lithium generated by the cathode 6 floats on the upper layer of the electrolytic chamber 20, chlorine generated by the anode 5 floats on the upper part of the liquid level of the electrolytic chamber 20 at a gap between the anode and the cathode, when chlorine is generated in the tank body 2, a chlorine concentration sensor senses the chlorine, a chlorine pump is started, the chlorine gas is discharged from the chlorine gas outlet 7 and is collected by adopting a chlorine gas collecting device, the generation of the chlorine gas drives substances in the tank body 2 to flow, liquid metal lithium and electrolyte generated by the electrolysis chamber 20 flow into a cathode cavity from a lithium collecting opening 19 above the cathode 6, then flow into a lithium collecting chamber 17 from a cathode cavity outlet 18, the metal lithium floats on the upper layer of the lithium collecting chamber 17, the floating liquid metal lithium is sucked out by a siphoning device at a lithium outlet 16 to obtain ideal purity metal lithium, normal temperature air is introduced into the lithium collecting chamber 17 from a heat exchange tube inlet 12 by an air pump, heat in the tank body 2 is absorbed, hot gas is discharged from a heat exchange tube outlet 15, and the inside of the tank body 2 is kept at a stable low energy consumption temperature.
The utility model improves the distance between the cathode and the anode plates, increases the contact area between the electrolyte and the anode plates, ensures that the reaction is more complete, improves the electrolysis efficiency to more than 90 percent, reduces the pressure drop, reduces the heat loss and can reduce the energy loss to 45kWh/kg.
According to the utility model, air is completely isolated in the tank, a product is sucked out in a sealing way by the siphon device, the U-shaped heat exchange tube 21 is used as a heat exchange device to be isolated from gas in the tank body 2, chlorine is pumped out unidirectionally, no oxidation reaction of produced metallic lithium is ensured, the chlorine pumping device timely pumps out the produced chlorine through the sensor, the produced metallic lithium is stored in the lithium collecting chamber to isolate the chlorine, the reverse reaction is reduced, and the purity of the produced metallic lithium is higher than 99%.
According to the utility model, the product lithium is automatically sucked out by the siphoning device, and the chlorine is automatically discharged, so that the manual operation cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the heat preservation effect in the tank body 2 is good, the metal lithium is not easy to separate out from the inner wall, the corrosion is reduced, and the service life is greatly prolonged.

Claims (7)

1. The device for electrolyzing metal lithium through molten salt is characterized by comprising a heating device (1), a tank body (2), a top cover (3), a bottom communication channel (4), an anode (5), a cathode (6), a chlorine outlet (7), an anode binding post (8), a cathode-anode channel (9), a feeding port (11), a middle wall (13), a cathode binding post (14), a lithium outlet (16), a lithium collecting chamber (17), a cathode cavity outlet (18), a lithium collecting port (19) and an electrolysis chamber (20);
a heating device (1) is arranged outside the tank body (2), and an electrolysis chamber (20) and a lithium collecting chamber (17) are arranged in the tank body (2);
the upper parts of the electrolysis chamber (20) and the lithium collecting chamber (17) are separated by a middle wall (13), the bottom of the electrolysis chamber (20) and the lithium collecting chamber (17) are communicated by a bottom communication channel (4),
a top cover (3) is arranged at the top of the tank body (2),
a feed inlet (11) and a lithium outlet (16) are arranged on the top cover (3) above the lithium collecting chamber (17), and a chlorine outlet (7) is arranged on the top cover (3) above the electrolysis chamber (20);
a plurality of cathodes (6) and a plurality of anodes (5) are arranged in the electrolysis chamber (20), the cathodes (6) and the anodes (5) are alternately arranged, an inter-anode channel (9) exists between the cathodes (6) and the anodes (5), a cavity is formed in each cathode (6), a trapezoid lithium collecting opening (19) is formed in the top of each cathode, a cathode cavity outlet (18) is formed in the side face of each cathode, the cavity, the lithium collecting opening (19) and the cathode cavity outlet (18) are communicated, the cathode cavity outlet (18) is communicated with the lithium collecting chamber (17), and the cathodes (6) and the anodes (5) are connected with a conductive aluminum row through cathode binding posts (14) and anode binding posts (8) respectively.
2. The apparatus for molten salt electrolysis of metallic lithium according to claim 1, wherein: a clamping groove is formed in the middle wall (13) between the electrolysis chamber (20) and the lithium collecting chamber (17), and a cathode cavity outlet (18) is clamped in the clamping groove.
3. The apparatus for molten salt electrolysis of metallic lithium according to claim 1, wherein: the lithium ion battery pack also comprises a U-shaped heat exchange tube (21), wherein the U-shaped heat exchange tube (21) is positioned inside the lithium collection chamber (17), one end of the U-shaped heat exchange tube (21) is provided with a heat exchange tube inlet (12), one end of the heat exchange tube inlet (12) is provided with an air pump, the other end of the U-shaped heat exchange tube (21) is provided with a heat exchange tube outlet (15), and the heat exchange tube inlet (12) and the heat exchange tube outlet (15) are arranged on the top cover (3).
4. The apparatus for molten salt electrolysis of metallic lithium according to claim 1, wherein: the bottoms of the middle wall (13) and the cathode (6) are provided with supporting columns (10), and the middle wall (13) and the supporting columns (10) are built by refractory wall bricks.
5. The apparatus for molten salt electrolysis of metallic lithium according to claim 1, wherein: the channel (9) between the cathode and the anode is 5-10mm, the bottoms of the cathode (6) and the anode (5) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the top of the anode (5) is higher than the cathode (6).
6. The apparatus for molten salt electrolysis of metallic lithium according to claim 1, wherein: the chlorine outlet (7) is connected with a sucking pump, a chlorine concentration sensor is arranged at the inlet of the sucking pump, and the sucking pump is connected with a chlorine collecting device.
7. The apparatus for molten salt electrolysis of metallic lithium according to claim 1, wherein: the heating device (1) is a heating resistor.
CN202320429110.4U 2023-03-08 2023-03-08 Molten salt electrolysis metallic lithium's device Active CN220352255U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202320429110.4U CN220352255U (en) 2023-03-08 2023-03-08 Molten salt electrolysis metallic lithium's device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202320429110.4U CN220352255U (en) 2023-03-08 2023-03-08 Molten salt electrolysis metallic lithium's device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN220352255U true CN220352255U (en) 2024-01-16

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ID=89476593

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN220352255U (en)

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