CN220323045U - Single-particle biological aerosol multispectral combined online detection system - Google Patents
Single-particle biological aerosol multispectral combined online detection system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a single-particle biological aerosol multispectral combined online detection system which is provided with a focusing sample injection unit, a spectrum detection unit, a mass spectrum detection unit and at least one vacuum differential unit, wherein the focusing sample injection unit, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit are all vacuumized, and the vacuum differential unit is used for dividing a space; the spectrum detection unit is provided with a double-beam diameter measurement unit, a fluorescence spectrum detection unit and a Raman spectrum detection unit, the double-beam diameter measurement unit can detect the flight speed of the bioaerosol particles, the fluorescence spectrum detection unit is used for carrying out fluorescence spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles, the Raman spectrum detection unit is used for carrying out Raman spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles, and the mass spectrum detection unit is used for carrying out mass spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles. The utility model can simultaneously detect the particle size, mass spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and Raman spectrum of the bioaerosol particles.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of bioaerosol detection, in particular to a single-particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system.
Background
The biological aerosol is aerosol containing biological particles, including bacteria, viruses, sensitized pollen, mould spores, fern spores, parasitic ova and other biological particles, and has the characteristics of common aerosol, and also has infectivity, sensitization and the like.
Existing techniques for detecting bioaerosols generally include the following three types:
1) The single-particle bioaerosol mass spectrum online detection technology comprises the following steps:
the system adopted in the single-particle bioaerosol mass spectrum online detection technology is generally formed by sequentially connecting a critical hole, a buffer cavity, an aerodynamic lens, an acceleration nozzle, a double-beam diameter measuring unit and a mass spectrum detection unit. The method comprises the steps of using a critical hole to transition external atmospheric pressure to an internal vacuum system, using a buffer cavity to buffer supersonic airflow at the downstream of the critical hole to a stable laminar flow state, using an aerodynamic lens to focus biological aerosol particles into a collimated particle beam, using an acceleration nozzle to accelerate the supersonic airflow, keeping the aerosol particles to continuously make linear motion at the downstream, using a double-beam diameter measuring system to measure the flight time/flight speed and particle size of the particles, further obtaining the vacuum aerodynamic diameter of single particles and predicting the ionization laser triggering time of a downstream mass analysis system, using a pulse laser of a laser analysis ionization flight time mass detection unit to instantly analyze and ionize the surfaces of the particles into ionic states under the accurate striking of the pulse laser, using an acceleration electrode to accelerate and strike the particles onto an ion detector, combining the flight time mass analysis system to obtain mass spectrograms formed by combining positive and negative ion peaks, and further obtaining the particle size and chemical component information of the single biological aerosol particles.
2) The on-line detection technology of the fluorescence spectrum of the biological aerosol comprises the following steps:
the system adopted in the bio-aerosol fluorescence spectrum online detection technology generally comprises a bio-aerosol focusing sample injection nozzle, a fluorescence excitation laser, a fluorescence signal collection module, a fluorescence spectrum detection module and the like. The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out focusing sample injection acceleration on biological aerosol particles by a biological aerosol focusing sample injection nozzle, enabling the biological aerosol particles to form collimated particle beams, irradiating the biological aerosol particles one by one under the excitation light with specific wavelength generated by a fluorescence excitation laser, generating fluorescent signals with certain intensity by fluorescent luminescent substances such as tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe) amino acid, key metabolic substances NADH, NADPH, riboflavin and the like in the biological particles under specific wave bands, and collecting and converging the fluorescent signals emitted by the biological particles into a fluorescence spectrum detection module for analysis by a fluorescence signal collecting module to obtain corresponding fluorescence spectrograms.
3) Raman spectroscopy bioaerosol analysis techniques:
the Raman spectrum bioaerosol analysis technology is similar to the bioaerosol fluorescence spectrum on-line detection technology, and the Raman spectrum bioaerosol analysis technology irradiates bioaerosol particles by emitting laser through a Raman excitation laser, and is collected through a Raman signal collection module, and is detected through a Raman spectrum detection module, and the Raman spectrum bioaerosol analysis technology is different in that:
a) The wavelength ranges of the laser emitted by the fluorescence excitation laser and the Raman excitation laser are different;
b) The spectrum signal generation principle is different: the on-line detection technology of the fluorescent spectrum of the biological aerosol mainly comprises the steps of irradiating fluorescent substances in biological molecules with excitation light in a specific wavelength range, absorbing light energy, and then exciting emergent light longer than the wavelength of incident light, wherein the wavelength of the emergent light usually has a peak value in a specific wave band in a visible light wavelength range, so that the characteristic information of the biological fluorescence is identified; the raman spectrum biological aerosol analysis technology is a scattering spectrum technology for analyzing molecular vibration and rotation energy levels, when the biological aerosol particles are irradiated by laser, elastic scattering and inelastic scattering are generated, the scattering which is the same as the incident light frequency, namely the frequency of photons is unchanged is elastic scattering (such as rayleigh scattering), the scattering which is different from the incident light frequency, namely the frequency of photons is changed is called inelastic scattering (such as raman scattering), and molecular structure information is obtained by analyzing raman scattering spectrum information.
However, each of the three techniques described above has drawbacks:
1) The single-particle bioaerosol mass spectrum online detection technology comprises the following steps: at present, biological aerosol particles can be judged only by vital sign elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and are extremely easy to be interfered by aerosols such as dust, mineral dust and the like. Mainly because the dust and the mineral dust also have rich nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, the same ions can be generated during laser ionization, and the separation from a single mass spectrogram is difficult.
2) The on-line detection technology of the fluorescence spectrum of the biological aerosol comprises the following steps: are extremely susceptible to interference from non-biological aerosols such as smoke, for example, humanoid and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoke can also produce similar fluorescent signals.
3) Raman spectroscopy bioaerosol analysis techniques: the collected molecules can better distinguish single pollen, bacteria and fungi particles, but the collected Raman spectrum information is more, and the components of the bioaerosol particles in the conventional environment are complex and are easily interfered by other non-bioaerosol substances.
The disadvantages of the three technologies are mainly different from the detection principle, and cannot be overcome independently, so that it is desirable to combine the three technologies to comprehensively detect the bioaerosol particles so as to achieve the complementary effect. However, the combination of three techniques will create a number of problems, such as: because three spectrograms of single bioaerosol particles are detected and analyzed simultaneously, the flight path of the bioaerosol particles is increased, the bioaerosol particles can be ensured to fly stably, the positions of all the components and the data acquisition of all the spectrograms of the single bioaerosol particles are designed reasonably, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a single-particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system which can simultaneously detect particle size, mass spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and Raman spectrum of bioaerosol particles.
The aim of the utility model is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a single granule biological aerosol multispectral allies oneself with online detecting system which characterized in that: the device is provided with a focusing sample injection unit, a spectrum detection unit, a mass spectrum detection unit and at least one vacuum difference unit, wherein during detection, biological aerosol particles sequentially pass through the focusing sample injection unit, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit along a straight line, and the vacuum difference unit is arranged between the focusing sample injection unit and the spectrum detection unit and/or between the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit; the focusing sample injection unit is used for focusing the bioaerosol particles into collimated particle beams and accelerating, vacuumizing is carried out in the focusing sample injection unit, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit, the vacuum degree from the focusing sample injection unit to the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit is increased, and the vacuum difference unit is used for dividing the space so that the vacuum degree of the space can be transited from low to high; the spectrum detection unit is sequentially provided with a double-beam diameter measurement unit, a fluorescence spectrum detection unit and a Raman spectrum detection unit along the flight path of the biological aerosol particles, and the biological aerosol particles firstly pass through the double-beam diameter measurement unit during detection; the double-beam diameter measuring unit can detect the flight speed of the bioaerosol particles, the fluorescence spectrum detecting unit is used for carrying out fluorescence spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles, the Raman spectrum detecting unit is used for carrying out Raman spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles, and the mass spectrum detecting unit is used for carrying out mass spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles.
Preferably, the vacuum differential unit is provided with a first vacuum gauge and a differential cone, the differential cone separates the space to form a vacuum isolation space, the middle part of the differential cone is provided with a middle hole, the middle hole is used for passing biological aerosol particles, the first vacuum gauge is used for detecting the vacuum degree of the vacuum isolation space, the vacuum isolation space is provided with a first extraction opening, the first extraction opening is used for being connected with a first molecular pump, and the vacuum isolation space is extracted through the first molecular pump.
Preferably, the diameter of the mesopores increases gradually from the inlet to the outlet.
Preferably, the dual-beam diameter measuring unit is provided with two continuous laser irradiation detecting units, the two continuous laser irradiation detecting units are sequentially arranged along the advancing direction of the bioaerosol particles, and the continuous laser irradiation detecting units continuously emit laser to detect the passed bioaerosol particles.
Preferably, the continuous laser irradiation detection unit includes a continuous laser for irradiating detection laser light to the bioaerosol particles, a scattered light signal collection module for collecting scattered light on the bioaerosol particles, and a photodetector for detecting the scattered light collected by the scattered light signal collection module.
Preferably, the fluorescence spectrum detection unit comprises a fluorescence excitation laser, a fluorescence signal collection module and a fluorescence spectrum detection module, wherein the fluorescence excitation laser is used for irradiating fluorescence excitation laser to the bioaerosol particles, the fluorescence signal collection module is used for collecting fluorescence excited on the bioaerosol particles, and the fluorescence spectrum detection module is used for detecting the fluorescence collected by the fluorescence signal collection module.
Preferably, the raman spectrum detection unit comprises a raman excitation laser, a raman signal collection module, an optical fiber and a raman spectrum detection module, wherein the raman excitation laser is used for irradiating near infrared laser to the bioaerosol particles, the raman signal collection module is used for collecting light generated by raman scattering on the bioaerosol particles, the light collected by the raman signal collection module is transmitted to the raman spectrum detection module through the optical fiber, and the raman spectrum detection module is used for detecting the transmitted light.
Preferably, the mass spectrum detection unit comprises a pulse laser, an accelerating electrode, a first ion detector and a second ion detector, wherein the pulse laser faces the accelerating electrode, and pulse laser generated by the pulse laser is used for irradiating bioaerosol particles flying into the accelerating electrode so as to ionize the bioaerosol particles, and generated negative ion fragments and positive ion fragments respectively strike the first ion detector and the second ion detector.
Preferably, the focusing sample injection unit is sequentially provided with a critical hole, a buffer cavity, an aerodynamic lens and an acceleration nozzle from the sample inlet to the sample outlet, and a low vacuum gauge for detecting the vacuum degree of the buffer cavity is arranged on the buffer cavity.
Preferably, the mass spectrum detection unit is provided with a second vacuum gauge, the detection unit is provided with a second air extraction opening communicated with the inner space of the detection unit, the second air extraction opening is used for being connected with a second molecular pump, the inner space of the mass spectrum detection unit is extracted through the second molecular pump, and the second vacuum gauge is used for detecting the vacuum degree of the inner space of the mass spectrum detection unit.
Preferably, the wavelength of the laser light for detection emitted from the dual-beam calliper unit is 400-700 nm, the wavelength of the laser light for detection emitted from the fluorescence spectrum detection unit is 200-420 nm, and the wavelength of the laser light for detection emitted from the raman spectrum detection unit is 780-1300 nm.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
the utility model sequentially sets the double-beam diameter measuring unit, the fluorescence spectrum detecting unit, the Raman spectrum detecting unit and the mass spectrum detecting unit, thereby being capable of simultaneously carrying out particle size detection, fluorescence spectrum detection, raman spectrum detection and mass spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles and improving the accuracy of identifying the bioaerosol particles and the diversity of biological identification.
The utility model has the important design point that the double-beam diameter measuring unit firstly detects the bioaerosol particles, so that the flight speed of the bioaerosol particles can be obtained, the time from the bioaerosol particles to the fluorescence spectrum detecting unit, the Raman spectrum detecting unit and the mass spectrum detecting unit can be known, and the laser of the fluorescence spectrum detecting unit, the Raman spectrum detecting unit and the mass spectrum detecting unit can be ensured to accurately irradiate the bioaerosol particles.
The utility model vacuumizes the inside, and the vacuum environment can ensure that the bioaerosol particles keep stable flying, thereby ensuring that the subsequent laser energy irradiates the bioaerosol particles accurately. The utility model also divides the space through the vacuum differential unit so that the vacuum degree of the space can be stably transited from low to high, and the bioaerosol particles can stably fly.
When the device is used, the biological aerosol sample can be directly input from the focusing sample injection unit for detection without pretreatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the triggering of a laser of the single particle bioaerosol multispectral combination online detection system of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a single particle bioaerosol multispectral combination online detection system of the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of the present utility model, with subsequent system set-up.
The meaning of the reference numerals in the figures:
100-focusing sample introduction unit; 110-critical aperture; 120-buffer chamber; 130-a low vacuum gauge; 140-aerodynamic lenses; 150-accelerating nozzles; 200-a vacuum differential unit; 210-a first vacuum gauge; 220-a first extraction opening; 230-differential cone; 240-vacuum isolation space; 400-a detection unit; 410-a second vacuum gauge; 420-a second extraction opening; 430-a continuous laser; 431-scattered light signal collection module; 432-a photodetector; 450-fluorescence excitation laser; 451-a fluorescent signal collection module; 452-fluorescence spectrum detection module; 460-raman excitation laser; 461-a raman signal collection module; 462-optical fiber; 463-a raman spectrum detection module; 470-pulse laser; 471-accelerating electrode; 472-a first reflective electrode; 473-a first ion detector; 474-a second reflective electrode; 475-second ion detector.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described below with reference to examples.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present utility model and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present utility model, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present utility model can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
Examples:
the principle of the single-particle bioaerosol multispectral online detection system in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the system mainly comprises a focusing sample injection unit, a spectrum detection unit, a mass spectrum detection unit and at least one vacuum differential unit. During detection, the bioaerosol particles sequentially pass through the focusing sample injection unit, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit along a straight line, the focusing sample injection unit, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit are all pumped by a molecular pump, the vacuum degree is sequentially increased, and the molecular pump is connected with a preposed backing pump. And a vacuum difference unit is arranged between the focusing sample injection unit and the spectrum detection unit and/or between the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit, and is used for dividing the space so that the vacuum degree of the space can be transited from low to high.
The focusing sample injection unit is sequentially provided with a critical hole, a buffer cavity, an aerodynamic lens (also called a particle focusing lens or an electric lens) and an acceleration nozzle from a sample injection port to a sample outlet.
When the system operates, the molecular pump is used for carrying out step-by-step vacuumizing, the critical hole is used for transiting external atmospheric pressure to an internal vacuum environment, the buffer cavity is arranged at the downstream of the critical hole and used for buffering supersonic airflow locally generated at the downstream of the critical hole, after the bioaerosol particles are stabilized to a laminar state in the buffer cavity, the bioaerosol particles are focused and transmitted into collimated particle beams through the aerodynamic lens, and the bioaerosol particles are sequentially arranged one by one along a straight line and fly forwards.
The spectrum detection unit is sequentially provided with a double-beam diameter measurement unit, a fluorescence spectrum detection unit and a Raman spectrum detection unit along the flight path of the biological aerosol particles. During detection, the biological aerosol particles pass through the double-beam diameter measuring unit, the double-beam diameter measuring unit can detect the flight speed of the biological aerosol particles, the particle size is obtained through the correspondence of the flight speed, the fluorescence spectrum detection unit is used for carrying out fluorescence spectrum detection on the biological aerosol particles, the Raman spectrum detection unit is used for carrying out Raman spectrum detection on the biological aerosol particles, and the mass spectrum detection unit is used for carrying out mass spectrum detection on the biological aerosol particles.
After the bioaerosol particles focused into the collimated particle beams by the focusing sample introduction unit enter the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit, the bioaerosol particles are subjected to particle size detection, fluorescence spectrum detection, raman spectrum detection and mass spectrum detection one by one, so that the multidimensional component information of single bioaerosol particles is obtained, and further, the high-precision and high-resolution bioaerosol particle online identification analysis can be realized later.
Based on the above principle, this embodiment enumerates a specific structural scheme of a single-particle bioaerosol multispectral combination online detection system as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, the device comprises a focusing sample injection unit 100, two vacuum differential units 200 and a detection unit 400, wherein the detection unit 400 comprises a spectrum detection unit and a mass spectrum detection unit. In this embodiment, two vacuum differential units 200 are continuously disposed between the focusing sample injection unit 100 and the spectrum detection unit, where the spectrum detection unit is connected with the mass spectrum detection unit.
The focusing and sampling unit 100 includes a critical aperture 110, a buffer chamber 120, a low vacuum gauge 130, an aerodynamic lens 140, and an acceleration nozzle 150. The critical hole 110 is usually a round hole arranged in the middle of the thin plate, the typical value of the aperture of the critical hole 110 is 0.08-0.14 mm, the thickness of the thin plate is usually 0.1-0.2 mm, the sample injection flow is usually 100sccm under the normal pressure environment, and the local airflow speed at the downstream of the critical hole 110 can reach Mach 2. The buffer chamber 120 downstream of the critical orifice 110 has a gas pressure in the range of typically 50 to 5000Pa for buffering the high-velocity gas flow locally generated downstream of the critical orifice 110. The aerodynamic lens 140 downstream of the buffer chamber 120 is typically composed of 3-7 circular sheets with a certain spacing, the aperture of the circular sheets being typically designed to be in the range of 1-20 mm for collecting bioaerosol particles of different particle size ranges. The local airflow velocity at the outlet of the acceleration nozzle 150 is typically around mach 1-2, and the particle beam focused by the aerodynamic lens 140 is accelerated. The low vacuum gauge 130 is disposed at a side of the buffer chamber 120 for detecting a vacuum degree of the buffer chamber 120.
Two vacuum differential units 200 are continuously disposed downstream of the focus sample introduction unit 100. The vacuum differential unit 200 is provided with a first vacuum gauge 210 and a differential cone 230, the differential cone 230 separates the space to form a vacuum isolation space 240, the middle part of the differential cone 230 is provided with a middle hole, the diameter of the middle hole is gradually increased from an inlet to an outlet and is in a downward horn shape, the middle hole is used for passing biological aerosol particles, the first vacuum gauge 210 is used for detecting the vacuum degree of the vacuum isolation space 240, the vacuum isolation space 240 is provided with a first air extraction opening 220, the first air extraction opening 220 is positioned at the side edge, the first air extraction opening 220 is used for being connected with a molecular pump, and the vacuum isolation space is pumped through the molecular pump.
Since the vacuum differential unit 200 is in communication with the focus sample introduction unit 100, the vacuum differential unit 200 is evacuated, i.e., the focus sample introduction unit 100 is evacuated.
Wherein, the vacuum pressure in the vacuum isolation space 240 of the vacuum differential unit 200 close to the focusing sample introduction unit 100 is generally controlled to be about 0.1 Pa to 5Pa, and the vacuum pressure in the vacuum isolation space 240 of the vacuum differential unit 200 close to the spectrum detection unit is generally controlled to be 10 Pa -2 ～10 -3 About Pa.
The spectrum detection unit of the detection unit 400 is sequentially provided with a double-beam diameter measurement unit, a fluorescence spectrum detection unit and a Raman spectrum detection unit along the flight path of the bioaerosol particles.
The double-beam diameter measuring unit is provided with two continuous laser irradiation detecting units, the two continuous laser irradiation detecting units are sequentially arranged along the advancing direction of the biological aerosol particles, and the continuous laser irradiation detecting units continuously emit laser to detect the passing biological aerosol particles. By continuously detecting the bioaerosol particles twice, the time between the bioaerosol particles passing through two continuous laser irradiation detection units can be known, and the flight speed of the bioaerosol particles can be known because the distance between the two continuous laser irradiation detection units is fixed. Since the flight speeds of the bioaerosol particles with different particle sizes in the vacuum environment are different, the particle sizes of the corresponding bioaerosol particles, which are also called vacuum aerodynamic diameters, can be correspondingly obtained according to the flight speeds of the bioaerosol particles.
The two continuous laser irradiation detection units have the same structure, each continuous laser irradiation detection unit comprises a continuous laser 430, a scattered light signal collection module 431 and a photoelectric detector 432, the continuous laser 430 faces to the inner side, the continuous laser 430 is used for emitting detection laser and irradiating the detection laser to biological aerosol particles, the scattered light signal collection module 431 is used for collecting scattered light on the biological aerosol particles, the photoelectric detector 432 is connected to the scattered light signal collection module 431, the photoelectric detector 432 is used for detecting the scattered light collected by the scattered light signal collection module, and the photoelectric detector 432 converts the detected scattered light into an electric signal. The wavelength of the detection laser light emitted from the continuous laser 430 of the present embodiment is 400 to 700nm.
The fluorescence spectrum detection unit comprises a fluorescence excitation laser 450, a fluorescence signal collection module 451 and a fluorescence spectrum detection module 452, wherein the fluorescence excitation laser 450 faces to the inner side, the fluorescence excitation laser 450 is used for irradiating fluorescence excitation laser to the bioaerosol particles, the fluorescence signal collection module 451 is used for collecting fluorescence excited on the bioaerosol particles, the fluorescence spectrum detection module 452 is connected to the fluorescence signal collection module 451, the fluorescence spectrum detection module 452 is used for detecting the fluorescence collected by the fluorescence signal collection module 451, and the fluorescence spectrum detection module 452 converts the detected fluorescence into an electric signal. The wavelength of the fluorescence excitation laser light emitted from the fluorescence excitation laser 450 of this embodiment is 200 to 420nm.
The raman spectrum detection unit includes a raman excitation laser 460, a raman signal collection module 461, an optical fiber 462, and a raman spectrum detection module 463, the raman excitation laser 460 faces inward, the raman excitation laser 460 is used for irradiating near infrared laser to the bioaerosol particles, the raman signal collection module 461 is used for collecting light generated by raman scattering on the bioaerosol particles, the raman signal collection module 461 is connected with the raman spectrum detection module 463 through the optical fiber 462, the light collected by the raman signal collection module 461 is transmitted to the raman spectrum detection module 463 through the optical fiber 462, the raman spectrum detection module 463 is used for detecting the transmitted light, and the raman spectrum detection module 463 converts the detected light into an electrical signal. The wavelength of the near infrared laser light emitted from the raman excitation laser 460 of the present embodiment is 780 to 1300nm.
The mass spectrum detection unit includes a pulse laser 470, an accelerating electrode 471, a first ion detector 473 and a second ion detector 475, the pulse laser 470 faces the middle of the accelerating electrode 471, the pulse laser generated by the pulse laser 470 is used for irradiating the bioaerosol particles flying into the accelerating electrode 472 to ionize the bioaerosol particles, the ionized negative ion fragments and positive ion fragments are reflected by the first reflecting electrode 472 and the second reflecting electrode 474 after being accelerated, and finally, the negative ion fragments and the positive ion fragments impinging on the first ion detector 473 and the second ion detector 475 are respectively detected by the first ion detector 473 and the second ion detector 475.
The mass spectrum detection unit is further provided with a second vacuum gauge 410, the detection unit 400 is provided with a second extraction opening 420 communicated with the internal space of the detection unit, the second extraction opening 420 is used for being connected with a molecular pump, the internal space of the mass spectrum detection unit is extracted through the molecular pump, and the second vacuum gauge 410 is used for detecting the vacuum degree of the internal space of the mass spectrum detection unit.
Wherein the vacuum pressure in the mass spectrum detection unit is generally controlled to be 10 -5 ～10 -7 About Pa. The pulsed laser emitted by the pulsed laser 470 is typically in the ultraviolet range.
When the single-particle bioaerosol multispectral combination online detection system of the embodiment is used for detection, bioaerosol particles enter from the focusing sample injection unit 100 and then sequentially pass through the two vacuum differential units 200, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit. After passing through the focusing sample introduction unit 100, the bioaerosol particles are formed into collimated particle beams, and fly into the detection unit 400 at a certain speed, and the bioaerosol particles of the collimated particle beams are analyzed and detected one by one, so that the particle size, fluorescence spectrum, raman spectrum and time-of-flight mass spectrum information of each bioaerosol particle can be obtained later according to detection data. The online detection system for the single-particle biological aerosol multispectral combination is an online single-particle aerosol analysis device without pretreatment.
The specific operation mode of the single-particle biological aerosol multispectral combined online detection system is as follows:
the bioaerosol particles firstly pass through the critical hole 110, are buffered and stabilized to a laminar state by the buffer cavity 120, enter the aerodynamic lens 140 to be focused into a collimated particle beam, and then pass through the two separation cones 230 in sequence under the acceleration of the supersonic airflow of the acceleration nozzle 150, and keep a certain speed to move forwards and straight in the detection unit 400. In the detection unit 400, first, the bioaerosol particles continuously pass through two continuous laser irradiation detection units with fixed intervals, the detection laser light continuously emitted by the continuous laser 430 of the continuous laser irradiation detection units irradiates on the bioaerosol particles, and scattered light generated after irradiation is collected and converged to the photodetector 432 by the scattered light signal collection module 431. The peak of the electrical signal converted from the scattered light of the single bioaerosol particle captured by the two photodetectors 432 respectively is obtained by obtaining the time between the peaks of the electrical signal captured by the two photodetectors 432, so as to obtain the flight time of the bioaerosol particle between two continuous laser irradiation detection units, and further obtain the flight speed and the vacuum aerodynamic diameter of the bioaerosol particle by conversion. Subsequently, the bioaerosol particles are sequentially irradiated by laser light emitted by the fluorescence excitation laser 450 and the raman excitation laser 460, the generated fluorescence is converged by the fluorescence signal collecting module 451 to the fluorescence spectrum detecting module 452, and the raman scattered signal is processed and transmitted by the raman signal collecting module 461 and is led to the raman spectrum detecting module 463 through the optical fiber 462. Finally, the bioaerosol particles enter the center of the accelerating electrode 471, the time of the bioaerosol particles reaching the center of the accelerating electrode 471 can be predicted according to the flying speed of the bioaerosol particles measured at the upstream, the pulse laser 470 is synchronously triggered to generate pulse laser with certain energy density, the bioaerosol particles reaching the center of the accelerating electrode 471 are ionized, the generated positive ion fragments and negative ion fragments are accelerated back to each other under the action of the electric field of the accelerating electrode 471, enter a field-free flying area, and are subjected to steering movement under the action of the electric field of the first reflecting electrode 472 and the second reflecting electrode 474 to fly to the first ion detector 473 and the second ion detector 475 respectively, so that the flying time of the ion fragments after the single bioaerosol particles are ionized is obtained.
As shown in fig. 4, in the subsequent system, a timing control module, a data acquisition module and a computer can be additionally arranged to be electrically connected with the single-particle bio-aerosol multi-spectrum combination online detection system. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the data information collected by the two photoelectric detectors 432, the fluorescence spectrum detection module 452, the raman spectrum detection module 463, the first ion detector 473 and the second ion detector 475 is collected by the data collection module and then is sent to the computer, so that the particle size, the fluorescence spectrum, the raman spectrum and the time-of-flight mass spectrum information of the single bioaerosol particle can be obtained.
The two photodetectors 432, fluorescence excitation laser 450, raman excitation laser 460, and pulse laser 470 are electrically connected to the timing control module, respectively. The time sequence control module obtains the flight speed of the bioaerosol particles through photoelectric peak signals transmitted back by the two photoelectric detectors 432, so as to control the time of triggering the fluorescence excitation laser 450, the Raman excitation laser 460 and the pulse laser 470 to emit laser, thereby accurately irradiating the bioaerosol particles. A timing diagram for the control module to control the fluorescence excitation laser 450, raman excitation laser 460, and pulsed laser 470 is shown in fig. 2.
The specific photoelectric signal acquisition control process comprises the following steps:
after the bioaerosol particles are focused and accelerated by the focusing sample introduction unit, the bioaerosol particles firstly pass through a first continuous laser irradiation detection unit to generate a first photoelectric peak signal and then are transmitted to a time sequence control module; then, the bioaerosol particles continuously fly through the second continuous laser irradiation detection unit, a second photoelectric peak signal is generated and is transmitted to the time sequence control module, the time difference between the first photoelectric peak signal and the second photoelectric peak signal is converted by the time sequence control module, so that the flight time (shown as t1 in fig. 2) of the bioaerosol particles between the two continuous laser irradiation detection units is obtained, and the flight speed and the vacuum aerodynamic diameter of the corresponding bioaerosol particles are obtained through conversion. Because the resistance of the bioaerosol particles is lower in the vacuum environment, the bioaerosol particles can continuously keep a certain flying speed to continuously move forward in a short distance and a short time, based on the characteristic, the time sequence control module can be utilized to predict the time points (shown as t2, t3 and t4 in fig. 2) of the irradiation positions of the fluorescence excitation laser 450, the Raman excitation laser 460 and the pulse laser 470 when the bioaerosol particles fly to the downstream, and the time sequence control module respectively sends trigger instructions to the corresponding lasers at the corresponding time points to enable the lasers to generate pulse lasers at the corresponding time points. When the biological aerosol particles reach the laser irradiation position of the fluorescence excitation laser, pulse laser generated by the fluorescence excitation laser precisely irradiates the aerosol particles, and generated scattered light signals of the particles are collected and converged by the fluorescence signal collecting module 451, filtered by the optical filter, and enter the fluorescence spectrum detecting module 452, and finally, a corresponding fluorescence spectrum can be obtained through analysis; when the biological aerosol particles continue to fly to the laser irradiation position of the Raman excitation laser 460, pulse laser generated by the Raman excitation laser 460 precisely irradiates the biological aerosol particles, and the generated particle Raman scattering signals are collected by the Raman signal collecting module 461 and then transmitted to the Raman spectrum detecting module 463 through the optical fiber 462, and finally the corresponding Raman spectrum can be obtained through analysis; finally, the bioaerosol particles fly to the center of the accelerating electrode 471, the pulse laser 470 accurately triggers and irradiates the bioaerosol particles, the bioaerosol particles are analyzed and ionized into ionic states, the generated negative ion fragments and positive ion fragments are led out by the electromagnetic acceleration of the accelerating electrode, the moving direction of the ion fragments is turned by the electric field of the reflecting electrode, and the bioaerosol particles fly to the first ion detector 473 and the second ion detector 475, and the corresponding ion mass ratio and the signal intensity are converted according to the flying time of the ion fragments, so that the flying time mass spectrogram of the bioaerosol particles is obtained. The vacuum aerodynamic particle size, fluorescence spectrum, raman spectrum and time-of-flight mass spectrum information of each biological aerosol particle are processed and integrated by a data acquisition module, and then the detection data information of the aerosol particles is stored and displayed in real time by a computer.
The above-mentioned embodiments of the present utility model are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model, and the embodiments of the present utility model are not limited thereto, and all kinds of modifications, substitutions or alterations made to the above-mentioned structures of the present utility model according to the above-mentioned general knowledge and conventional means of the art without departing from the basic technical ideas of the present utility model shall fall within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a single granule biological aerosol multispectral allies oneself with online detecting system which characterized in that: the device is provided with a focusing sample injection unit, a spectrum detection unit, a mass spectrum detection unit and at least one vacuum differential unit, wherein during detection, biological aerosol particles sequentially pass through the focusing sample injection unit, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit along a straight line, and the vacuum differential unit is arranged between the focusing sample injection unit and the spectrum detection unit and/or between the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit; the focusing sample injection unit is used for focusing the bioaerosol particles into collimated particle beams and accelerating, vacuumizing is carried out in the focusing sample injection unit, the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit, the vacuum degree from the focusing sample injection unit to the spectrum detection unit and the mass spectrum detection unit is increased, and the vacuum difference unit is used for dividing the space so that the vacuum degree of the space can be transited from low to high; the spectrum detection unit is sequentially provided with a double-beam diameter measurement unit, a fluorescence spectrum detection unit and a Raman spectrum detection unit along the flight path of the biological aerosol particles, and the biological aerosol particles firstly pass through the double-beam diameter measurement unit during detection; the double-beam diameter measuring unit can detect the flight speed of the bioaerosol particles, the fluorescence spectrum detecting unit is used for carrying out fluorescence spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles, the Raman spectrum detecting unit is used for carrying out Raman spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles, and the mass spectrum detecting unit is used for carrying out mass spectrum detection on the bioaerosol particles.
2. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the vacuum differential unit is provided with a first vacuum gauge and a differential cone, the differential cone separates the space to form a vacuum isolation space, the middle part of the differential cone is provided with a middle hole, the middle hole is used for passing biological aerosol particles, the first vacuum gauge is used for detecting the vacuum degree of the vacuum isolation space, a first extraction opening is arranged on the vacuum isolation space and is used for being connected with a first molecular pump, and the vacuum isolation space is subjected to extraction through the first molecular pump.
3. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 2, wherein: the diameter of the mesopores gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet.
4. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the double-beam diameter measuring unit is provided with two continuous laser irradiation detecting units, the two continuous laser irradiation detecting units are sequentially arranged along the advancing direction of the biological aerosol particles, and the continuous laser irradiation detecting units continuously emit laser to detect the passing biological aerosol particles.
5. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 4, wherein: the continuous laser irradiation detection unit comprises a continuous laser, a scattered light signal collection module and a photoelectric detector, wherein the continuous laser is used for irradiating detection laser to the bioaerosol particles, the scattered light signal collection module is used for collecting scattered light on the bioaerosol particles, and the photoelectric detector is used for detecting the scattered light collected by the scattered light signal collection module.
6. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the fluorescence spectrum detection unit comprises a fluorescence excitation laser, a fluorescence signal collection module and a fluorescence spectrum detection module, wherein the fluorescence excitation laser is used for irradiating fluorescence excitation laser to the bioaerosol particles, the fluorescence signal collection module is used for collecting fluorescence excited on the bioaerosol particles, and the fluorescence spectrum detection module is used for detecting the fluorescence collected by the fluorescence signal collection module.
7. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the Raman spectrum detection unit comprises a Raman excitation laser, a Raman signal collection module, an optical fiber and a Raman spectrum detection module, wherein the Raman excitation laser is used for irradiating near infrared laser to the bioaerosol particles, the Raman signal collection module is used for collecting light generated by Raman scattering on the bioaerosol particles, the light collected by the Raman signal collection module is conveyed to the Raman spectrum detection module through the optical fiber, and the Raman spectrum detection module is used for detecting the conveyed light.
8. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the mass spectrum detection unit comprises a pulse laser, an accelerating electrode, a first ion detector and a second ion detector, wherein the pulse laser faces the accelerating electrode, and pulse laser generated by the pulse laser is used for irradiating bioaerosol particles travelling into the accelerating electrode to ionize the bioaerosol particles, so that generated negative ion fragments and positive ion fragments respectively collide with the first ion detector and the second ion detector.
9. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the focusing sample injection unit is sequentially provided with a critical hole, a buffer cavity, an aerodynamic lens and an acceleration nozzle from a sample inlet to a sample outlet, and a low vacuum gauge for detecting the vacuum degree of the buffer cavity is arranged on the buffer cavity.
10. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the mass spectrum detection unit is provided with a second vacuum gauge, the detection unit is provided with a second extraction opening communicated with the inner space of the detection unit, the second extraction opening is used for being connected with a second molecular pump, the inner space of the mass spectrum detection unit is pumped by the second molecular pump, and the second vacuum gauge is used for detecting the vacuum degree of the inner space of the mass spectrum detection unit.
11. The single particle bioaerosol multispectral combined online detection system of claim 1, wherein: the wavelength of the laser used for detection emitted by the dual-beam diameter measuring unit is 400-700 nm, the wavelength of the laser used for detection emitted by the fluorescence spectrum detecting unit is 200-420 nm, and the wavelength of the laser used for detection emitted by the Raman spectrum detecting unit is 780-1300 nm.
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