CN220322260U - Device for detecting play of bearing in vehicle hinge - Google Patents

Abstract

The present utility model relates to an apparatus for play detection of a bearing in a vehicle hinge. The apparatus includes: first and second brackets movable toward and away from each other, first and second structural members of the vehicle hinge device to which bearings are mounted being fixedly mounted on the first and second brackets, respectively; a force measuring device operatively coupled with the first bracket so as to be able to measure a pulling or pressing force exerted by the first bracket on the force measuring device; and a dial gauge operatively coupled to the second bracket so as to be able to measure the displacement of the second bracket. The device can detect the play of the bearing in the vehicle hinge device with a simple structure and simple operation, does not need to take out the bearing from the structural member of the hinge device in a laborious and destructive mode and send the bearing to a professional institution for high-cost inspection, greatly saves the cost and time for bearing detection, and reduces the risk of failure or accident of the vehicle hinge device caused by the selective detection of the bearing.

Description

Device for detecting play of bearing in vehicle hinge

Technical Field

The present utility model relates to the technical field of vehicle hinges, and more particularly to a device for detecting play of a bearing in a vehicle hinge.

Background

Public transportation vehicles such as buses, trams or subways often have two or more cars, with a hinge arrangement typically provided between adjacent cars to allow load transfer between the cars and relative rotation to occur so that the vehicle can traverse a curved path.

The hinge means are of various types, such as fixed hinges, elastic hinges, free hinges, etc. The core component of the various hinge devices is a bearing located inside thereof. The bearing comprises at least two bearing parts (such as a central pin, an inner ring with a spherical outer convex surface and an outer ring with a spherical inner concave surface) which are nested together and can rotate relative to each other, and the bearing parts are respectively arranged on two structural members of the hinging device, and the two structural members are respectively and directly or indirectly fixedly connected with two adjacent carriages of the vehicle. Therefore, the load can be transmitted between two adjacent carriages or the corresponding hinging device structural members through the bearings, and the two carriages or the corresponding hinging device structural members can rotate relatively.

The hinge means, in particular the bearings therein, wear out with use. Depending on the design of the product, the hinge assembly typically requires a comprehensive inspection after 8 to 10 years of use. The hinge assembly should be removed from the vehicle body and, in addition to its structural components, its bearings should be checked for wear, i.e. whether the tolerances or play of the bearings are too bad. Because the bearings of the hinge assembly are located inside, existing inspections require that the bearings be removed from the structure for installation and sent to a professional for inspection. This inspection is time consuming, labor intensive and costly and can result in an overall failure of the structural components of the hinge assembly during the process of removing the bearing. Therefore, only the hinge device and the bearing thereof are often subjected to spot inspection in actual operation, but there is obviously a risk of failure or accident of the vehicle hinge device due to missed inspection.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present utility model to address at least one of the above-mentioned problems and/or other drawbacks in the detection of bearings in existing vehicle hinges.

According to an aspect of the present utility model there is provided an apparatus for play detection of a bearing in a vehicle hinge arrangement comprising a first structural member and a second structural member hinged to each other, the bearing comprising at least two bearing parts rotatably nested together and having radial play relative to each other, the at least two bearing parts being mounted on the first structural member and the second structural member, respectively. The apparatus comprises: a first bracket and a second bracket movable toward and away from each other, the first structural member and the second structural member being fixedly mounted on the first bracket and the second bracket, respectively; a force measuring device operatively coupled with the first bracket so as to be able to measure a pulling or pressing force exerted by the first bracket on the force measuring device; and a dial gauge operatively coupled with the second bracket so as to be capable of measuring displacement of the second bracket.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a guide rail, the first and second brackets being mounted on the guide rail to be linearly movable along the guide rail.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the guide rail comprises two parallel slide bars, on which both the first and the second bracket are slidably mounted.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the device further comprises a screw arranged parallel to the guide rail, which screw is screw-fittingly connected with the second support such that a rotational movement of the screw causes a linear movement of the second support.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a hand wheel operatively coupled with the lead screw for enabling manual rotation of the lead screw by the hand wheel.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the first bracket includes a first slider mounted on the rail and a first mounting mechanism detachably secured to the first slider for fixedly mounting the first structural member, and the second bracket includes a second slider mounted on the rail and a second mounting mechanism detachably secured to the second slider for fixedly mounting the second structural member.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the force measuring device is a tension and compression sensor with a force element, the first bracket further comprising a first coupling part operatively coupled with the force element, the first bracket being capable of applying a tension or compression force to the tension and compression sensor via the first coupling part.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the second bracket further comprises a second coupling part operatively coupled with the retractable measuring staff of the dial gauge, the displacement of the second bracket being able to be transmitted to the dial gauge by the second coupling part.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the bearing of the vehicle articulation device is a fixed-hinge bearing or an elastic-hinge main bearing or a free-hinge rod end joint bearing.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects: with the detection apparatus according to the present utility model, the hinge device is detached from the vehicle body only when the bearing of the hinge device of the vehicle is inspected, but the bearing is not detached from the structural member of the hinge device, but the structural member with the bearing inside is attached to the detection apparatus; after the two structural members of the hinge device connected via the bearing are fixedly mounted to the two brackets of the detection device, respectively, the force measuring device and the dial indicator in the detection device are zeroed, and the movement of the two brackets is controlled to apply a force of a predetermined reading to the force measuring device by means of one of the structural members, while the corresponding displacement of the other structural member connected via the bearing to the structural member can be measured by the dial indicator and reflect the play in the bearing. Therefore, the detection device according to the utility model can detect the play of the bearing in the vehicle hinge device with a simple structure and a simple operation, and the bearing does not need to be detached from the structural member of the hinge device in a laborious and destructive manner and then sent to a professional institution for high-cost detection, thereby greatly saving the cost and time for bearing detection and correspondingly reducing the risk of failure or accident of the vehicle hinge device caused by the selective detection of the bearing in the prior art.

Drawings

Features and advantages of the present utility model will now be described in detail by way of non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are merely schematic and not necessarily drawn to scale, and which furthermore show only those parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the utility model, and other parts may be omitted or merely briefly mentioned. That is, the present utility model may include other components or elements in addition to those shown in the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for play detection of a bearing in a vehicle hinge device (hereinafter also simply referred to as a detection apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 2 is a perspective view of the detection device shown in fig. 1 from another angle;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a detection device for backlash detection of a fixed hinge bearing in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 4 is a perspective view of the detection device shown in fig. 3 from another angle;

fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the stationary hinge and its bearing shown in fig. 3 and 4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a detection device for play detection of a main bearing of an elastic hinge according to one embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 7 is a perspective view of the detection device shown in fig. 6 from another angle;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a detection device for lash detection of a freely articulating rod end joint bearing according to an embodiment of the utility model;

fig. 9 is a perspective view of the detection apparatus shown in fig. 8 from another angle.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments according to the present utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present utility model to those skilled in the art. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present utility model may be practiced without some of these specific details. Furthermore, it should be understood that the utility model is not limited to specific described embodiments. Rather, any combination of the features and elements described herein is contemplated to implement the utility model, whether or not they relate to different embodiments. Thus, the following aspects, features, embodiments and advantages are merely illustrative and should not be considered elements or limitations of the claims except where explicitly set out in a claim.

Fig. 1 and 2 show perspective views of a detection device according to an embodiment of the utility model. The inspection apparatus may generally be disposed on the base 500 and mounted in place through the base 500, such as on a table or other work surface. The detection device mainly comprises a first 100 and a second 200 carriage, which can be moved close to or far away from each other, a force measuring device 300, and a dial indicator 400.

The first and second brackets 100, 200 are used to fixedly mount and move first and second structural members (described in detail below) of a vehicle hinge assembly, respectively, that are hinged to each other. The vehicle hinge device is connected to the bodies of two adjacent compartments by means of first and second structural members, respectively. To facilitate movement closer to or away from each other, the first and second brackets 100, 200 may be mounted on the same rail, for example. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide rail may include two parallel slide bars 510, 520. The first carriage 100 may comprise a first slide 110 and the second carriage 200 may comprise a second slide 210, the first and second slides 110, 210 each being slidably mounted on a slide bar 510, 520, whereby the first and second carriages are capable of being linearly moved along the slide bars 510, 520 by means of the slides 110 and 210, respectively. In order to secure the stability of the installation and sliding, for example, the first slider 110 may be fitted over the slide bars 510, 520 by means of four protrusions 111 provided at four corners of the bottom surface thereof, and the second slider 210 may be fitted over the slide bars 510, 520 by means of four protrusions 211 provided at four corners of the bottom surface thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the guide rails are not limited to the form of the slide bars 510, 520, but may also be configured, for example, as slide grooves provided in the base 500 for sliding the carriages 110, 210 therein along.

The force measuring device 300 is configured to be operatively coupled with the first bracket 100 so as to be able to measure a pulling or pressing force exerted by the first bracket 100 on the force measuring device 300. In this application, "operatively coupled" means that two objects are connected, joined, or in contact with each other so as to be able to transfer forces and/or movements between the two objects. In the illustrated embodiment, the force measuring device 300 is configured as a tension/compression sensor capable of measuring both a tensile force applied thereto and a compressive/thrust force applied thereto. The tension and compression sensor has a force element 310, for example in the form of a measuring rod, for operative coupling with the first bracket 100 in order to receive a pulling or pressing force/pushing force exerted by the first bracket on the tension and compression sensor. More specifically, the force-receiving member 310 is detachably mounted at its distal end with a measuring head 311 for directly receiving the force applied by the first bracket. The force measuring device or pull pressure sensor 300 may be fixed to a support 530 and further mounted to the base 500 via the support 530.

The dial indicator 400 is operatively coupled to the second bracket 200 so as to be able to measure the displacement of the second bracket 200. More specifically, the dial gauge 400 may have, for example, a retractable measuring rod 410 operatively coupled with the second bracket 200 to be extended or retracted by the second bracket to measure the displacement of the second bracket in the extension direction or the retraction direction. The dial indicator 400 may be secured to the support 540 and further mounted to the base 500 via the support 540.

In order to facilitate the handling of the movements of the two holders 100, 200, the detection device may further comprise a threaded spindle 550 arranged parallel to the guide rail or the two slide bars, the second carriage 210 with which the second carriage is provided may be coupled in a screw-fitting manner to the threaded spindle 550, for example by means of a projection 213 provided on its bottom surface, i.e. a spindle-nut pair is formed between the second carriage 200 and the threaded spindle 550, so that a linear movement of the second carriage 200 along the slide bars 510, 520 can be brought about by a rotation of the threaded spindle 550. In order to facilitate the handling of the rotation of the screw 550, the detection device may for example be provided with a hand wheel 560 operatively coupled to the screw 550, so that the screw 550 may be simply rotated manually by the hand wheel 560.

A description will be given below of how play detection is performed on a bearing in a vehicle hinge device using a detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present utility model, with reference to fig. 3 to 5. In fig. 3 to 5, a bearing for fixing the hinge is described as an example. As shown in the drawings, the stationary hinge, which is a vehicle hinge device, includes a first structural member 610 and a second structural member 620 hinged to each other, which are fixedly coupled to the bodies of the adjacent two compartments, respectively. Bearings are mounted in the first and second structural members as core components of the hinge assembly and include at least two bearing components rotatably nested together such that the first and second structural members are also rotatable relative to one another. For the stationary hinge shown in fig. 5, the bearing 700 includes a pin 710, an inner ring member 720, and an outer ring member 730 that are nested together. The pin 710 is secured to the second structural member 620, the outer ring member 730 is secured to the first structural member 610, and the inner ring member 720 is sandwiched between the pin 710 and the outer ring member 730. The inner ring member 720 is rotatably coupled thereto about the pin 710, and the inner ring member 720 is coupled to the spherical concave surface of the outer ring member 730 by its spherical convex surface to form a spherical hinge. Dust rings 740, 750 may be provided at the upper and lower sides of the junction between the inner and outer ring members 720, 730, respectively, to prevent foreign substances such as dust from entering into the gap between the inner and outer ring members. Radial play exists between the pin 710 and the inner ring member 720 and between the inner ring member 720 and the outer ring member 730, and these radial play become larger as the bearing 700 wears in use.

In order to detect the above-mentioned play in the bearing 700, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the entire stationary hinge (including the first and second structural members 610, 620 and the bearing 700 therein) detached from the vehicle body may be directly mounted to the detecting apparatus according to the present utility model. More specifically, the first and second structural members 610, 620 may be fixedly mounted to the first and second brackets 100, 200, respectively, for example. To accomplish such mounting, the first and second brackets may include first and second mounting mechanisms, respectively, for fixedly mounting the first and second structural members 610, 620, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, the first mounting mechanism may include a horizontal mounting member 121 and a vertical mounting member 122, while the second mounting mechanism may include a horizontal mounting member 221 and a vertical mounting member 222. The first structural member 610 may be secured to the vertical mounting member 122 and optionally supported on the horizontal mounting member 121, for example, by fasteners, while the second structural member 620 may be secured to the vertical mounting member 222 and optionally supported on the horizontal mounting member 221, for example, by fasteners. The first mounting mechanism may be removably secured to the first carriage 110 by the horizontal mounting member 121, such as by fasteners, and the second mounting mechanism may be removably secured to the second carriage 210 by the horizontal mounting member 221, such as by fasteners, such that the positions of the first and second mounting mechanisms on the first and second carriages, respectively, may be adjusted to some degree, as appropriate, by removing the fasteners. After the above-described installation process is completed, the first and second brackets 100, 200 are coupled to each other by the first and second structural members 610, 620 hinged to each other by the fixed hinge.

The first bracket 100 movement may be adjusted to be operatively coupled with the force measuring device or tension and compression sensor 300 either before or after the installation process described above. More specifically, the first bracket 100 may be provided with a first coupling part 130 with a notch 131, for example; the force element 310 of the pull and press sensor 300 is passed through the slot 131 and the measuring head 311 of the force element end is located in the gap between the first mating part 130 and the vertical mounting part 122 of the first mounting mechanism on the first bracket 100. The diameter of the measuring head 311 is larger than the width of the notch 131 and cannot be removed from the notch 131, whereby the first bracket can exert a pulling force on the pull-press sensor 300 by contact or engagement between the first coupling part 130 and the measuring head 311. When the first bracket 100 is moved and adjusted as described above, the measuring head 311 is just contacted with the notch edge of the first coupling part 130, so that the tension reading of the tension and compression sensor 300 is just zero or equal to a predetermined tiny value, and thus the zeroing or zero clearing of the tension and compression sensor is completed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is also conceivable to design the support 530 for mounting the force measuring device or the tension and compression sensor, for example, to be slidable along the above-mentioned guide rail, so that the force measuring device is zeroed by moving the adjustment support 530 and the force measuring device mounted thereon.

The dial indicator 400 may be zeroed before or after zeroing the force measuring device 300 as described above. For this purpose, the operative coupling between the dial indicator 400 and the second bracket may be achieved, for example, by adjusting the position of the dial indicator 400 (for example, the support 540 for mounting the dial indicator 400 may be designed to slide along the above-described guide rail) or adjusting the extension length of the retractable measuring staff 410 of the dial indicator 400 such that the tip of the retractable measuring staff 410 contacts the second bracket 200. More specifically, the second stand 200 may be provided with the second coupling part 230, for example, and the distal end of the retractable measuring staff 410 is brought into contact with the second coupling part 230. The readings are then zeroed or cleared, for example, by rotating the dial of the dial indicator 400.

After the zeroing operation for the force measuring device 300 and the dial indicator 400 is completed as described above, the hand wheel 560 may be manually rotated, which in turn rotates the lead screw 550, such that the second bracket 200, which is in threaded engagement with the lead screw 550, moves along the slide bars 510, 520 toward the hand wheel 560, along with the second structural member 620 of the stationary hinge fixedly mounted thereto. At this point, the retractable lever 410 of the dial indicator 400 will retract and its reading will reflect the amount of displacement of the second bracket 200 in real time. Such movement of the second structural member 620 will pull the first structural member 610 and the first bracket 100 fixedly attached thereto through the bearing 700 also tends to move toward the handwheel 560, and such movement of the first bracket 100 will exert a pulling force on the pull pressure sensor 300 through the measurement head 311 (but the first bracket 100 is not actually moving). Rotation of the handwheel 560 is stopped when the tension reading of the tension sensor 300 increases from a previous zero or minute value to a predetermined reading (e.g., 100 newtons). The predetermined reading is set such that when the tension and compression sensor 300 reaches the predetermined reading or is subjected to a corresponding tension, the tension applied by the second structural member 620 to the first structural member 610 through the bearing 700 is sufficient to cause the respective bearing components (the pin 710, the inner ring component 720 and the outer ring component 730) in the bearing 700 to move radially relative to each other to completely eliminate the radial play therebetween. Thus, the final reading of the dial indicator 400 when the hand wheel 560 is stopped can be indicative of the amount of radial play in the bearing 700. By comparing the size of the play measured by the dial indicator 400 with a predetermined threshold (e.g., ±0.1 mm), it is possible to determine whether the radial play in the bearing 700 has exceeded, and thus whether the wear condition of the bearing 700 has reached its useful life.

In the above embodiment, the pulling force is applied to the pull pressure sensor 300 by rotating the handwheel 560 to move the first and second brackets toward the handwheel to detect radial play in the bearing 700. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that radial play in the bearing 700 may also be detected by applying pressure/thrust to the pull pressure sensor 300 by rotating the handwheel 560 to move the first and second brackets in a direction away from the handwheel. In this case, it is necessary to adaptively adjust the measuring head 311 and the first coupling member 130 of the pull pressure sensor 300 so that the first coupling member can transmit pressure/thrust to the measuring head 311; in addition, the retractable measuring staff 410 of the dial indicator 400 will extend under the spring force following the movement of the second bracket 200 (not retract as in the above embodiment).

In both embodiments described above (applying tension and compression respectively to the bearing) it is assumed that the radial play in the bearing to be detected is symmetrical on both radial sides, so that a single-sided radial play is measured. In order to improve the detection precision, a tensile force (or a compressive force) can be applied to the bearing according to the method of any embodiment, so that the play in the bearing exists on one radial side only; then according to another embodiment, the bearing is pressed (or pulled) to measure the radial play as well, but the radial play measured in this way will be radial on both sides, and the judgment of the wear condition of the bearing can be performed by only comparing half of the radial play with the above predetermined threshold (for example + -0.1 mm).

Fig. 6 and 7 show schematic diagrams of play detection of a main bearing 700 of another vehicle hinge device, i.e. an elastic hinge, using a detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present utility model, respectively. In the embodiment shown in fig. 6 and 7, the first structural member 610 of the main bearing 700 of the elastic hinge is one of two adjusting bars (or forked bars) of the elastic hinge, which is fixedly mounted on the first mounting mechanism of the first bracket by means of a metal rubber bearing 611 at its end; and the second structural member 620 is a bearing housing of the main bearing, which is fixed to the second mounting mechanism of the second bracket. The basic structure and detection of the main bearing 700 of the elastic hinge is similar to that of the above-described fixed hinge bearing, and will not be repeated here. In the detecting apparatus shown in fig. 6 and 7, the second coupling member 230 provided to the second bracket is different from the second coupling member in the detecting apparatus shown in fig. 3 and 4 in thickness (i.e., length in the extending direction of the slide bar) mainly because the elastic hinges mounted on the first and second brackets are different in span in the extending direction of the slide bar from the above-described fixed hinges. By designing the second adapting means with different thickness, the detection of different types of hinge means bearings can be adapted with the same set of detection equipment. According to the characteristics of the main bearing of the elastic hinge, when the radial play is detected, the hand wheel 560 is rotated to load the tension and compression sensor, and the hand wheel can be stopped rotating when the reading of the sensor is 200N; furthermore, the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value, which is ultimately used for evaluating the measured radial play, may be, for example, ±2 mm.

Fig. 8 and 9 show schematic diagrams of play detection of a rod end joint bearing of a further vehicle articulation, i.e. a free articulation, with a detection device according to an embodiment of the utility model, respectively. In the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, the free hinge has two identical rod end joint bearings 700 and 800 at both ends. For one of the rod end joints, the first structural member 610 is a freely hinged tie rod and the other rod end joint is located at the opposite end of the tie rod and fixedly mounted to the first mounting mechanism of the first bracket via the other rod end joint; and the second structural member 620 is a pin extension of the one rod end knuckle bearing itself that is secured to the second mounting mechanism of the second bracket. The basic construction and detection of each rod end knuckle bearing is also similar to the fixed hinge bearing described above and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the example illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 measures the aggregate radial play of two rod end joint bearings, and that a half of this radial play may be compared to the predetermined threshold value described above to evaluate the wear condition of the bearings. In addition, according to the characteristics of the rod end joint bearing of the free hinge, when the radial play is detected, when the pulling and pressing sensor is loaded with pulling force by rotating the hand wheel 560, the hand wheel can be stopped rotating when the reading of the sensor is 100N; furthermore, the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value, which is ultimately used for evaluating the measured radial play, may be, for example, ±0.35 mm.

With the above-described detecting apparatus according to the embodiments of the present utility model, the hinge device is only required to be detached from the vehicle body at the time of inspecting the bearing of the vehicle hinge device, but the bearing is not required to be detached from the structural member of the hinge device, but the structural member with the bearing inside is required to be attached to the detecting apparatus. The detection equipment provided by the utility model can detect the play of various types of bearings in the vehicle hinge device with a simple structure and a simple operation, and the bearings do not need to be detached from structural members of the hinge device in a laborious and destructive mode and then sent to a professional institution for high-cost detection, so that the cost and time for bearing detection are greatly saved, and the risk of faults or accidents of the vehicle hinge device caused by the selective detection of the bearings in the prior art is correspondingly reduced.

Other embodiments of the utility model will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the utility model following, in general, the principles of the utility model and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the utility model pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the utility model being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (9)

1. An apparatus for play detection of a bearing in a vehicle hinge arrangement, the vehicle hinge arrangement comprising a first structural member and a second structural member hinged to each other, the bearing comprising at least two bearing components rotatably nested together and having radial play relative to each other, the at least two bearing components being mounted on the first structural member and the second structural member, respectively, the apparatus being characterized by comprising:

a first bracket and a second bracket movable toward and away from each other, the first structural member and the second structural member being fixedly mounted on the first bracket and the second bracket, respectively;

a force measuring device operatively coupled with the first bracket so as to be able to measure a pulling or pressing force exerted by the first bracket on the force measuring device; and

a dial gauge operatively coupled with the second bracket to enable measurement of displacement of the second bracket.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

the first bracket and the second bracket are mounted on the guide rail to be linearly movable along the guide rail.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

the guide rail comprises two parallel slide bars, and the first bracket and the second bracket are both slidably arranged on the two slide bars.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

a threaded spindle arranged parallel to the guide rail is also included, which is connected in a screw-fitting manner to the second support such that a rotational movement of the threaded spindle causes a linear movement of the second support.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

a hand wheel is also included that is operatively coupled with the lead screw so that the lead screw can be manually rotated by the hand wheel.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein,

the first support comprises a first sliding seat arranged on the guide rail and a first installation mechanism detachably fixed on the first sliding seat and used for fixedly installing the first structural member, and the second support comprises a second sliding seat arranged on the guide rail and a second installation mechanism detachably fixed on the second sliding seat and used for fixedly installing the second structural member.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

the force measuring device is a tension and compression sensor with a force element, the first bracket further comprises a first mating component operatively coupled with the force element, and the first bracket is capable of applying tension or compression to the tension and compression sensor through the first mating component.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

the second bracket further includes a second mating member operatively coupled with the retractable dial rod of the dial gauge, the displacement of the second bracket being transmittable to the dial gauge through the second mating member.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein,

the bearing of the vehicle hinging device is a fixed hinge bearing or an elastic hinge main bearing or a free hinge rod end joint bearing.