CN220319726U

CN220319726U - Yaw automatic control device of small wind driven generator

Info

Publication number: CN220319726U
Application number: CN202322069601.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨少楠
Original assignee: Hohhot Delixin Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd; Sunite Zuoqi Boyang Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Hohhot Delixin Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd; Sunite Zuoqi Boyang Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-08-02
Filing date: 2023-08-02
Publication date: 2024-01-09
Anticipated expiration: 2033-08-02

Abstract

The utility model discloses a yaw automatic control device of a small wind driven generator, which structurally comprises a wind wheel, a permanent magnet generator, a revolving body, a tail wing control system, a limiting mechanism and a wind driven generator main controller MCU. The empennage control system is arranged in the revolving body, the worm and gear speed reducer is arranged in the inner cavity of the revolving body, one end of the worm is connected with the direct current motor, the upper end of the worm shaft is provided with a pulley I, a steel wire rope is fixed on the pulley I shaft, and the steel wire rope passes through the guide pipe and the pulley II to be connected with the empennage connecting rod. The device has the advantages that a user only inputs the rated output power set value of the wind driven generator into the MCU, an automatic remote control tail wing control system can be realized, the running mode and the running time of the wind driven generator are in a normal state, stable and reliable running of the wind driven generator is ensured, the device does not influence the inherent passive yaw function of the wind driven generator, and the device is suitable for being applied to various small and medium-sized wind driven generators of 0.05 kW-30 kW.

Description

Yaw automatic control device of small wind driven generator

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a wind driven generator, in particular to a yaw automatic control device of a small wind driven generator.

Background

The wind power generation system is used in small and medium size, and the direction adjusting device is required to adjust the wind power machine to be always aligned with the wind direction to ensure maximum wind energy tracking due to uncertainty of the wind direction. At the same time, however, when the available wind speed range is exceeded, safe operation of the wind turbine may be compromised by overload. In addition, the safety is endangered by the high and low changes of the load carried by the wind driven generator. When the wind speed exceeds the design value, the wind power generation system needs to be protected, and redundant energy is released. Due to randomness and discontinuity of wind energy change, the electric energy output by the generator is unstable, and a controller is required to monitor and control the running state of the wind turbine generator and manage the energy conversion and flow direction output by the generator. Therefore, the random nature and the instability of the load of wind energy often bring about a plurality of difficulties for the development and the utilization of wind energy. In the actual running process of the independent wind turbine, the problem of speed limiting protection of the wind turbine is more remarkable, and especially, the rotating speed of the wind turbine is limited above the rated wind speed, otherwise, the mechanical structure and the electrical device of the wind turbine are damaged. At present, the speed limiting protection of the small and medium-sized independent wind turbine generator is mostly implemented by adopting a mechanical tail folding mode or a loading and unloading load mode. According to the power matching characteristic of the wind turbine and the generator, the rotation speed of the wind turbine can be effectively limited by adopting a loading and unloading load mode below the rated wind speed. And above the rated wind speed, the continuous increase of the unloading load leads the output power of the generator to exceed the rated value thereof, so that the maximum output power of the generator and the safety threshold value of the corresponding electric device are required to be left with larger allowance when the wind turbine generator is designed, and as a result, the cost of the generator is increased and certain potential safety hazard is brought to the system.

At present, a small and medium-sized wind driven generator in practical application is matched with a passive type non-automatic protection device, namely a passive type yaw mechanism. The yaw mechanism generally adopts the principle of using a tail wing inclined side eccentric wheel. The distance between the horizontal rotation axis of the wind wheel of the wind power generator and the vertical rotation axis of the head of the wind power generator is called the eccentricity. The wind pressure of the wind wheel generates eccentric moment through eccentricity, and deflects the wind wheel to deviate from the main wind direction to regulate the speed. When the wind is large, the eccentric moment can cause the wind wheel to generate a moment which turns along the wind direction, namely the moment is generally called passive yaw, so that the power is reduced. The wind wheel deflects sideways or leans upwards, so that the rotation plane of the wind wheel deviates from the main wind direction, and the windward area is reduced to reduce the absorption power of the wind wheel. When the rotating surface of the wind wheel is laterally deviated to be parallel to the wind direction, the wind wheel can automatically stop, thereby achieving the purposes of speed regulation and wind turbine protection. When the wind speed is reduced, the wind wheel and the machine head restore to the wind direction under the action of the return spring. The existing small and medium-sized wind driven generator adopts the combination of the back inclination angle and the side inclination angle of the tail wing pin shaft, and generates a reset moment under the action of the gravity of the tail wing. Because the structure has low cost and simple structure, the domestic small wind driven generator and the wind driven water lifter basically adopt the passive yaw control mode. Practice proves that the wind control effect is not ideal, and the wind control device has serious hidden trouble, namely under the condition of the same wind speed, when the load is changed greatly, such as the sudden idle load of a generator, the idle load of a water lifter, or the faults of disconnection of a storage battery of a wind turbine, disconnection of a lead, poor contact of a slip ring of the generator and the like, the rotating speed of the wind wheel is suddenly increased, so that the rotating speed is out of control, huge centrifugal force is generated, and serious accidents of 'galloping' and machine destruction occur. Therefore, development of the controller must be enhanced to increase its sensitivity.

For small and medium-sized horizontal axis wind turbines, development of a set of control system which is used for enabling the rotating surface of a wind wheel to be aligned with the wind direction frequently so as to obtain the highest wind energy utilization rate and preventing a wind turbine from being burnt out of control and rectifying control circuits when the load change is large and the wind speed is too high is urgently needed. Based on the above, an actively controlled yaw automatic control system is provided to improve the rotation speed adjustment and power adjustment performances, and the working stability and reliability technologies of the small and medium-sized wind generating set.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the technical problems of the prior wind turbine, and provides a yaw automatic control device of a small wind turbine, which ensures the working stability, reliability, high sensitivity and automatic control of the wind turbine, in particular to realize remote control. According to different rotation speeds of the generators, when the actual rotation speed is lower than the yaw rotation speed, the control system adjusts the deflection angle to the minimum value according to the deflection state of the tail wing, and the tail wing is utilized to automatically catch wind energy of the wind turbine as much as possible; when the actual rotating speed is higher than the yaw rotating speed, the yaw angle of the tail wing is regulated by limiting the mechanical strength, the generator capacity, the safety level of a power device and the like, so that the wind turbine is in a yaw state, the captured wind energy is reduced, and the safe operation of the wind turbine generator set is ensured. The wind turbine has the advantages that the rotating surface of the wind wheel is always aligned with the wind direction, so that the highest wind energy utilization rate is obtained, and the control system of the control circuit can rapidly reflect when the load change is large and the wind speed is overlarge. The possibility of overspeed galloping is completely avoided, and the purpose of active rapid speed regulation is achieved.

The technical problems to be solved by the utility model are realized by the following structures: the yaw automatic control device of the small wind driven generator structurally comprises a wind wheel, a permanent magnet generator, a revolving body, a fan upright post, a tail wing mechanism, a tail wing control system, a limiting mechanism and a wind driven generator main controller MCU.

The permanent magnet generator is fixed on one side of the revolving body through a fixing bolt, and a wind wheel is arranged on the front end shaft of the permanent magnet generator. One end of the tail connecting rod is connected with the revolving body through a tail support and a tail pin shaft, the other end of the tail connecting rod is connected with the tail, the lower end of the revolving body is arranged on a revolving support through two bearings, and the lower end of the revolving support is connected with a stand column of the wind turbine through a fixing bolt.

The tail wing control system is arranged in the cavity of the rotating body through a bracket, and structurally comprises a direct current motor, a worm gear reducer, a pulley I, a steel wire rope, a pulley II and a bracket, and is used for receiving an MCU instruction and controlling the deflection angle of the tail wing at any time to achieve the expected effect of normal operation of the wind driven generator. So that the wind wheel can obtain effective wind energy, and when the wind speed is too high, the runaway of the rotating speed of the wind wheel is prevented, huge centrifugal force is generated, and serious accidents of 'galloping' and machine destruction occur. The worm gear speed reducer is installed on the support through a fixing bolt, one end of the worm shaft is connected with the direct current motor, the upper end of the worm shaft is provided with a pulley I, a steel wire rope is fixed on the pulley I, and the steel wire rope penetrates through the guide pipe and the pulley II to be connected with the tail wing connecting rod, so that the tail wing is pulled to complete tail connection and release movement.

The speed reduction ratio of the worm gear speed reducer is 100:1.

the limiting mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the revolving body through a support plate, and structurally comprises a support plate, a tail wing release limiting switch KS2, a tail wing tail combining limiting switch KS1, a tail wing release limiting plate and a tail wing tail combining limiting plate. The support plate is welded at the rear part of the revolving body, and the tail fin release limit switch KS2 and the tail fin tail limit switch KS1 are respectively arranged at two sides of the support plate; the tail wing limiting support plate is welded on the tail wing support and can swing left and right along with the tail wing, and when the tail wing is combined and released, the tail wing releasing limit switch KS2 and the tail wing combining limit switch KS1 are instantly touched.

The fin support both sides welding fin and tail limiting plate, fin release limiting plate, its effect prevents that the fin from bumping with the wind wheel. And the tail parallel tail limiting plate and the tail release limiting plate are respectively provided with a shockproof rubber cushion.

The wind turbine main controller adopts an MCU (micro control unit) (Microcontroller Unit), and has the functions of simultaneously receiving voltage sampling input from a wind turbine and battery voltage sampling input through a measuring element, connecting a driving module through a control circuit, controlling a charging module to charge when the output voltage of the wind turbine is smaller than a specified value, collecting voltage and current data generated by the wind turbine, adopting a PID algorithm through a control logic, and ensuring that the wind turbine is at an optimal power point for power generation by the PID algorithm on one hand; on the other hand, damage due to the power generated by the generator exceeding the rated power is prevented.

The working principle of the yaw automatic control device of the small wind driven generator is as follows: the user remotely adjusts the proportional parameter, the integral parameter and the differential parameter through the MCU so as to control the control system, and further adjust the running mode and the running time of the wind driven generator to be in a normal state.

The control logic is as follows: when the Main Controller (MCU) detects that the rotating speed and the power of the wind turbine reach 110% of rated values, the DC24 power supply is controlled to start, the DC is output in the positive direction (left positive electrode and right negative electrode), the actuating mechanism is fully input (DC 24V full-voltage output), the instruction drives the DC motor to operate, the worm gear reducer and the pulley I are driven to rotate, the steel wire rope is automatically tightened to enable the tail wing to rapidly deflect at the maximum power, the tail wing starts to operate in the tail mode when the angle between the tail wing and the normal line of the wind wheel is 180 degrees, and the tail wing limiting support plate is triggered to stop the tail wing limiting switch KS1. Meanwhile, when the tail limiting support plate triggers KS1, the direct current DC24 is disconnected in a delayed mode, and system oscillation is prevented. Pulling to a certain angle, thereby avoiding the main wind direction, reducing the rotation speed of the wind wheel and reducing the output power of the wind driven generator.

After the first tail merging operation is triggered, the controller performs timing control, the tail fin operation is started to be released after the time delay is 10 minutes, at this time, the wind turbine controller outputs the negative voltage to start to release and run until the tail fin limiting support plate triggers the release limiting switch KS2 to stop, and meanwhile, when the tail fin limiting support plate triggers KS1, the direct current DC24 is disconnected after the time delay 2S.

The 2 nd trigger and tail recovery time was 30 minutes, the 3 rd time was 1 hour, the 4 th time was 4 hours, until this timing operation was repeated starting from the next day.

When the measuring element (actual power) detects that the actual output power is close to the rated power in the deflection process (the specific range can be adjusted by an integral parameter), the actuating mechanism (the direct current voltage regulating circuit) performs voltage reduction control, so that the rotating speed of the driving direct current motor is reduced, the running speed of the tail wing is further reduced, the actuating mechanism stops outputting until the actual power is equal to the rated power, and at the moment, the output voltage of the direct current voltage regulating circuit is zero, so that the driving direct current motor and the tail wing stop running.

When the measuring element (actual power) of the main controller of the wind turbine is smaller than rated power, the executing mechanism (direct current voltage regulating circuit) carries out reverse control, direct current is reversely output (right positive electrode and left negative electrode) to enable the direct current motor and the speed reducer to reversely rotate, at the moment, the pulley I starts to reversely run, and the tail wing is under the action of the gravity moment of the side inclination angle, so that when the tail wing position returns to an initial position 180 degrees with the normal line of the wind wheel, resetting is carried out, and a maximum power generation mode is started. The PID algorithm belongs to a dynamic control method, so that the control mechanism always works in the control of the folding tail wing and the releasing tail wing, the maximum power generation of the wind driven generator is ensured, the operation is performed under the condition of ensuring the safe operation, and a good control effect is achieved.

The yaw automatic control device of the small wind driven generator has the advantages that: 1. the purposes of active yaw and active shutdown of the wind turbine are realized, the stable and reliable operation of the wind turbine is ensured, and the occurrence of the "galloping" machine destroying accident is avoided even under the condition of large wind speed and load variation; 2. the device does not influence the inherent passive yaw function of the wind turbine, the tail fin is connected through the soft steel cable chain, and when the soft steel cable chain is loosened, the tail fin can still be automatically adjusted and can swing back and forth freely; 3. remote control can be achieved. The user only needs to input the rated output power set value of the wind driven generator into the MCU, so that the wind driven generator can realize automatic yaw control. 4. The structure is simple, the weight is light, the installation and the manufacture are convenient, and the device can be applied to various small and medium-sized wind turbines with 0.05kW to 30 kW.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a general structural diagram of a small wind turbine

FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure of the small wind power generator

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a yaw control assembly

FIG. 4 is a view from direction A of FIG. 3

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a limiting mechanism

FIG. 6 is a top view of the limit mechanism structure

FIG. 7 wind turbine tail release schematic

FIG. 8 tail merging schematic view of wind turbine tail fin

Description of the drawings

1 wind wheel 2 permanent magnet generator 3 revolution body 4 revolution support 5 wind turbine upright post 6 tail wing connecting rod 7 tail wing bracket 8 tail wing 9 tail wing control system 10 limit mechanism 11 tail wing pin shaft

9-1 worm gear reducer 9-2 direct current motor 9-3 pulley I9-4 wire rope 9-5 wire rope conduit 9-6 pulley II 9-7 support 9-8 fixing bolt

10-1 fin release limit switch KS 2-2 fin and tail limit switch KS110-3 fin limit support plate 10-4 fin and tail limit plate 10-5 fin release limit plate 10-6 support plate

10-5-1 shockproof rubber pad

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present utility model, a detailed description is made below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the yaw automatic control device of a small wind driven generator are more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus the protection scope of the present utility model is more clearly defined.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the yaw automatic control device of the small wind driven generator structurally comprises a wind wheel 1, a permanent magnet generator 2, a revolving body 3, a revolving support 4, a wind driven generator upright post 5, a tail wing bracket 7, a tail wing 8, a tail wing control system 9, a limiting mechanism 10, a tail wing pin shaft 11 and a wind driven generator main controller MCU.

The permanent magnet generator 2 is fixed on one side of the revolving body 3 through a fixing bolt, and a wind wheel 1 is arranged on the front end shaft of the permanent magnet generator. One end of the tail connecting rod 6 is connected with the revolving body 3 through a tail support 7 and a tail pin shaft 11, the other end of the tail connecting rod is connected with the tail 8, the lower end of the revolving body 3 is arranged on the revolving support 4 through a bearing, and the lower end of the revolving support 4 is connected with the upright post 5 of the wind turbine through a fixing bolt.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the tail control system 9 is installed in the revolving body 3 through a bracket 9-7, the structure comprises a direct current motor 9-2, a worm gear reducer 9-1, a pulley I9-3, a steel wire rope 9-4, a pulley II 9-6 and a bracket 9-7, the worm gear reducer 9-1 is installed on the bracket 9-7 through a fixing bolt 9-8, one end of a worm is connected with the direct current motor 9-2, the upper end of a worm wheel shaft is provided with the pulley I9-3, the steel wire rope 9-4 is fixed on the shaft of the pulley I9-3, and the steel wire rope 9-4 is connected with the tail connecting rod 6 through a guide pipe 9-5 and the pulley II 9-6.

The reduction ratio of the worm gear reducer 9-1 is 100:1.

as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the limit mechanism 10 is mounted at the tail end of the revolving body 3 through a support plate 10-6, and the structure comprises a support plate 10-6, a tail release limit switch KS210-1, a tail end combining limit switch KS110-2, a tail end combining limit plate 10-4 and a tail end release limit plate 10-5. The support plate 10-6 is welded at the rear part of the revolving body 3, and the tail fin release limit switch KS210-1 and the tail fin tail limit switch KS110-2 are respectively arranged at two sides of the support plate 10-6; the tail limiting support plate 10-3 is welded on the tail support 7 and can rotate left and right along with the tail connecting rod 6 and the tail 8.

The two sides of the tail support 7 are welded with tail parallel tail limiting plates 10-4 and tail release limiting plates 10-5. The tail parallel tail limiting plate 10-4 and the tail release limiting plate 10-5 are respectively provided with a shockproof rubber pad 10-5-1.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a small-size aerogenerator drifts automatic control device, the structure includes wind wheel, permanent magnet generator, solid of revolution, gyration support, fan stand, fin support, fin control system, stop gear, fin round pin axle, wind turbine main control unit MCU, its characterized in that: the permanent magnet generator is fixed on one side of the revolving body through a fixing bolt, a wind wheel is arranged on a front end shaft of the permanent magnet generator, one end of a tail connecting rod is connected with the revolving body through a tail support and a tail pin shaft, and the other end of the tail connecting rod is connected with the tail;

the lower end of the revolving body is arranged on a revolving support through a bearing, and the lower end of the revolving support is connected with a stand column of the wind turbine through a fixing bolt;

the tail wing control system is arranged in the rotating body cavity through a bracket and structurally comprises a direct-current motor, a worm gear reducer, a pulley I, a steel wire rope, a pulley II and a bracket; the worm and gear speed reducer is arranged on the bracket through a fixing bolt, one end of the worm is connected with the direct current motor, the upper end of a worm wheel shaft is provided with a pulley I, a steel wire rope is fixed on the pulley I shaft, and the steel wire rope passes through the guide pipe and the pulley II to be connected with the tail wing connecting rod;

the limiting mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the revolving body through a support plate, the structure comprises a support plate, a tail release limiting switch KS2, a tail parallel tail limiting switch KS1, a tail limiting support plate, a tail parallel tail limiting plate and a tail release limiting plate, the support plate is welded at the rear part of the revolving body, the tail release limiting switch KS2 and the tail parallel tail limiting switch KS1 are respectively arranged at two sides of the support plate, and the tail limiting support plate is welded on a tail support;

and tail fins are welded on two sides of the tail fin support, and tail fin limiting plates and tail fin releasing limiting plates are welded on two sides of the tail fin support.

2. The yaw automatic control device of the small wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein: and the tail fin parallel tail limiting plate and the tail fin release limiting plate are respectively provided with a shockproof rubber pad.