CN220286778U - Differential pressure liquid inlet valve core - Google Patents
Differential pressure liquid inlet valve core Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN220286778U CN220286778U CN202321029964.XU CN202321029964U CN220286778U CN 220286778 U CN220286778 U CN 220286778U CN 202321029964 U CN202321029964 U CN 202321029964U CN 220286778 U CN220286778 U CN 220286778U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid inlet
- inlet valve
- differential pressure
- liquid
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Safety Valves (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of valves, in particular to a differential pressure liquid inlet valve core, which comprises a liquid inlet valve body, a liquid inlet valve body and a liquid outlet valve body, wherein the liquid inlet valve body is arranged at a liquid inlet end of an inner flow channel; the liquid inlet valve block is movably arranged on the liquid inlet valve body; the liquid inlet spring is used for resetting the liquid inlet valve plate; wherein, the liquid inlet valve plate can be sealed or opened on the liquid inlet hole through the liquid inlet spring; according to the utility model, through the liquid inlet valve plate, the liquid inlet area of the liquid inlet hole can be controlled, so that the liquid inlet resistance of the inner flow passage is increased, and the pressure difference between the inner flow passage and the outer flow passage of the pipe in the pipe pipeline is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of valves, and particularly relates to a differential pressure liquid inlet valve core.
Background
At present, with the gradual improvement of life quality, people are increasingly paying attention to the quality of living water.
The pipeline of common household domestic water comprises a main pipeline for entering a household and a plurality of branches divided into rooms. It is known that when one branch is in water outlet, water in the pipeline generally reaches the user end only through the main pipeline and the branch, no water flow is formed in other branches, and water flow is formed in the main pipeline generally from the water inlet end to the area where the connecting end of the branch is located, and no water flow is formed in the main pipeline at the tail end. This results in the water in the long-term unused branch remaining in the tube and then slowly deteriorating until the next use, leaving a portion of the deteriorated water, which is harmful to the physical health of the user when being used for a long time.
In order to solve the above problems, the applicant designs a differential pressure type pipe-in-pipe liquid outlet pipeline system, the main structure of which comprises a main pipeline and a plurality of branches, wherein the main pipeline consists of a pipe-in-pipe and a pipe joint, and the specific structure of the pipe-in-pipe and the pipe joint can be seen in the utility model CN 207922346U. The main pipeline is provided with an inner main runner and an outer main runner, and the liquid inlet ends of the inner main runner and the outer main runner are communicated with each other and form a pipeline liquid inlet end; the branches are distributed on the main pipeline and are provided with an inner branch flow passage and an outer branch flow passage, and the tail ends of the inner branch flow passage and the outer branch flow passage are communicated with each other to form a pipeline liquid outlet end; the inner branch flow passage and the inner main flow passage are communicated with each other to form an inner flow passage, and the outer branch flow passage and the outer main flow passage are communicated with each other to form an outer flow passage. The system utilizes the characteristic that the inner and outer runners at the tail ends of the pipelines are mutually communicated, when one branch or a plurality of branches are discharged, if the pressure difference is generated between the inner and outer runners, the water in the inner and outer runners can flow mutually, namely, other unopened branches can realize internal flow by utilizing the pressure difference, and the effect of preventing dead water is achieved by auxiliary discharge.
In order to realize the pressure difference type pipe-in-pipe liquid outlet pipeline system, a pressure difference liquid inlet valve core is urgently needed to be designed so as to realize the pressure difference of the inner flow channel and the outer flow channel.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a differential pressure liquid inlet valve core which is simple in structure and can change liquid inlet resistance of an inner runner.
The purpose of the utility model is realized in the following way:
a differential pressure inlet spool for mounting on a tube-in-tube line having an inner flow passage and an outer flow passage, comprising:
the liquid inlet valve body is arranged at the liquid inlet end of the inner flow channel, and at least one liquid inlet hole is formed in the liquid inlet valve body;
the liquid inlet valve block is movably arranged on the liquid inlet valve body; and
the liquid inlet spring is used for resetting the liquid inlet valve plate;
wherein, the liquid inlet valve plate can be sealed or opened on the liquid inlet hole through the liquid inlet spring;
when the liquid inlet end is used for feeding liquid, the liquid inlet valve plate can open the liquid inlet hole, and the liquid inlet resistance of the inner flow channel is increased.
Preferably, the liquid inlet Kong Kaishe is arranged on the side wall of the liquid inlet valve body, and the liquid inlet valve plate is movably arranged on the outer side of the liquid inlet valve body and is used for opening/sealing the liquid inlet hole;
one end of the liquid inlet spring is abutted against the liquid inlet valve plate, and the other end of the liquid inlet spring is abutted against the outer side wall of the inner flow passage.
Preferably, the liquid inlet valve plate is further provided with an outer extension part, the outer extension part is positioned in the outer main runner, and when the outer main runner generates water flow, the liquid inlet valve plate can be driven to move through the outer extension part, and the liquid inlet hole of the inner runner is opened.
Preferably, the outer ring fixing ring further comprises a baffle ring part arranged on the inner side of the outer ring fixing ring and arranged in a staggered mode with the outer extending part, so that a bent liquid inlet channel is formed between the baffle ring part and the outer extending part.
Preferably, the outer side of the outer ring fixing ring is provided with external threads, and the external threads are fixed on the inner side wall of the outer runner.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the retainer ring portion is the same as the outer diameter of the outer extension portion.
Preferably, the liquid inlet valve plate or the liquid inlet valve body is provided with a liquid inlet guide channel communicated with the inside and the outside.
Preferably, the end part of the liquid inlet valve body is provided with a limiting structure for limiting the liquid inlet valve plate to be separated.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the utility model, through the liquid inlet valve plate, the liquid inlet area of the liquid inlet hole can be controlled, so that the liquid inlet resistance of the inner flow passage is increased, and the pressure difference between the inner flow passage and the outer flow passage of the pipe in the pipe pipeline is promoted.
2. The outer extension part is beneficial to controlling the liquid inlet area of the liquid inlet hole according to the flow velocity of the outer flow channel, and the larger the flow velocity is, the larger the liquid inlet area is opened, so that the flow rate of the liquid outlet end can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a differential pressure type tube-in-tube liquid outlet pipeline system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the differential pressure inlet valve core of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in fig. 2.
The meaning indicated by the reference numerals in the figures:
1-a main pipeline; 2-branch; 3-a differential pressure liquid inlet valve core; 4-a differential pressure liquid outlet valve core; 5-water outlet equipment; 7-a total water inlet valve;
11-a liquid inlet end of the pipeline; 12-an inner flow passage; 13-an outer flow channel; 14-end pipe joint; 141-a tube-in-tube mounting end; 142-threaded mounting end; 143-joint inner tube; 144-jointing the outer tube;
21-a liquid outlet end of the pipeline;
31-a liquid inlet valve body; 311-limit structure; 32-liquid inlet holes; 33-a liquid inlet valve plate; 331-an outer extension; 34-a liquid inlet spring; 35-a liquid inlet diversion channel; 37-an outer ring retainer ring; 371-retainer segment.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described with reference to the following specific examples:
the differential pressure liquid inlet valve core of the embodiment is used for being arranged on a pipe-in-pipe pipeline, and the pipe-in-pipe pipeline particularly refers to a differential pressure pipe-in-pipe liquid outlet pipeline system.
As shown in FIG. 1, a differential pressure type pipe-in-pipe liquid outlet pipeline system comprises a main pipeline 1, a plurality of branches 2, a differential pressure liquid inlet valve core 3, a plurality of differential pressure liquid outlet valve cores 4 and a plurality of water outlet devices 5.
The main pipeline 1 and the main bodies of the branches 2 are composed of a pipe-in-pipe and a pipe-in-pipe joint, wherein the pipe-in-pipe comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe and a connecting part arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, and the inner pipe and the outer pipe are coaxially arranged, so that an inner flow channel is formed inside the inner pipe, and an outer flow channel is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. Similarly, the pipe-in-pipe joint includes a joint inner pipe 143, a joint outer pipe 144, and a joint connection portion provided between the joint inner pipe and the joint outer pipe for connecting the pipe-in-pipe and the pipe-in-pipe fitting. The pipe joints in the pipe are divided according to the number of the joints and can be divided into two-way type, three-way type, four-way type and the like; according to the shape, the method can be divided into straight-through type, bent pipe type and the like. In addition, the concrete structure of the pipe-in-pipe and the pipe joint can be seen in the utility model CN 207922346U.
In this embodiment, the main pipeline 1 has an inner main runner and an outer main runner, the liquid inlet ends of the inner main runner and the outer main runner are mutually communicated to form a pipeline liquid inlet end 11, a main water inlet valve 7 connected with a tap water pipe is installed on the pipeline liquid inlet end 11, the main water inlet valve 7 is a common angle valve and corresponds to a main control valve of the system, the main water inlet valve 7 is opened, and the inner main runner and the outer main runner are both communicated with the tap water pipe.
For ease of installation, the fluid inlet end 11 of the pipe is provided with an end fitting 14, which is one of the pipe fittings for connecting pipes and other equipment. The end pipe joint 14 comprises at least one pipe-in-pipe mounting end 141 for connecting the pipe-in-pipe and at least one threaded mounting end 142 for connecting other devices, wherein the pipe-in-pipe mounting end 141 can be used for connecting the pipe-in-pipe by means of hot melting, clamping, threaded connection and the like, and the threaded mounting end 142 is generally embedded with an internally threaded metal nest at the end part of the outer pipe of the joint. The main inlet valve 7 is mounted on the metal nest.
The number of the branches 2 is distributed on the main pipeline 1 according to the room requirement, each branch is provided with an inner branch runner and an outer branch runner, the tail ends of the inner branch runner and the outer branch runner are communicated with each other and form a pipeline liquid outlet end 21, and the pipeline liquid outlet end 21 is also provided with an end pipe joint 14, so that the water outlet equipment 5 is convenient to install.
The inner branch flow passage and the inner main flow passage communicate with each other and form an inner flow passage 12 of the system, and the outer branch flow passage and the outer main flow passage communicate with each other and form an outer flow passage 13 of the system. The liquid inlet ends of the inner main runner and the outer main runner are respectively the liquid inlet ends of the inner runner 12 and the outer runner 13, and the liquid outlet ends of the inner branch runner and the outer branch runner are respectively the liquid outlet ends of the inner runner 12 and the outer runner 13.
The differential pressure liquid inlet valve core 3 is arranged at the liquid inlet end 11 of the pipeline and is used for increasing the liquid inlet resistance of the liquid inlet end of the inner main runner.
The differential pressure liquid outlet valve cores 4 are arranged on the corresponding branches 2 and used for increasing the liquid outlet resistance of the liquid outlet ends of the outer branch channels, so that the internal flow channels can realize preferential liquid outlet.
When all the water outlet devices 5 are not opened, the inner flow path 12 and the outer flow path 13 are in equilibrium, i.e. in an isobaric state, since they are in communication with each other at the ends of the respective branches.
After the water outlet device 5 of one or more branches 2 is opened, due to the existence of the differential pressure liquid inlet valve core 3 and the differential pressure liquid outlet valve core 4, a pressure difference can be generated between the inner flow channel 12 and the outer flow channel 13, and the pressure of the outer flow channel 13 is higher than that of the inner flow channel 12, so that in the rest branches 2, liquid in the outer flow channel 13 can flow back to the inner flow channel 12 through the corresponding pipeline liquid outlet end 21, and finally flows out through opening the pipeline liquid outlet end 21 of the water outlet device 5, and internal water of all branches of the system can flow at any time, so that the situations of dead water and bad water are prevented.
Specifically, after the water outlet device 5 of one or more branches 2 is opened, the liquid outlet ends of the inner main runner and the outer main runner of the water outlet branch can simultaneously discharge water. But the outflow of water from the outer flow channel 13 is limited to some extent due to the presence of the differential pressure outflow spool 4. At the pipe outlet end 21 of the water outlet branch, the water outlet of the outlet end of the inner flow channel 12 is easier than the water outlet of the outlet end of the outer flow channel 13, so that the pressure of the inner flow channel 12 is released relatively fast, the pressure of the inner flow channel 12 is relatively lower than the pressure of the outer flow channel 13, and a passive pressure difference is generated.
Because the pressure difference liquid inlet valve core 3 limits the water in the inner flow passage 12 from entering from the liquid inlet end, the other part of water in the inner flow passage 12 comes from other unopened branches, namely, in other unopened branches, the water in the outer branch flow passage of the unopened branches can enter the inner main flow passage through the inner branch flow passage of the branch and finally flows out through the inner branch flow passage of the water outlet branch by utilizing the pressure difference and the connectivity of the liquid outlet end 21 of the pipeline. The water flowing out of the outer branch flow passage of the water outlet branch is directly from the outer main flow passage of the main pipeline.
Therefore, as long as any branch is used in the water outlet device 5, the inner branch flow passage and the outer branch flow passage of the other branches are all used for liquid outlet, the whole system can be ensured to have no dead water point, and the water use safety is greatly ensured.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the differential pressure liquid inlet valve core 3 comprises a liquid inlet valve body 31, a liquid inlet valve plate 33, a liquid inlet spring 34 and an outer ring fixing ring 37 which are arranged at the liquid inlet end of the inner main runner.
The side wall of the liquid inlet valve body 31 is embedded on the inner wall of the joint inner pipe of the end pipe joint 14, a plurality of liquid inlet holes 32 are circumferentially formed in the outer end of the liquid inlet valve body, and the liquid inlet valve plate 33 is movably arranged on the outer side of the liquid inlet valve body 31 and is used for opening/sealing the liquid inlet holes 32. One end of the liquid inlet spring 34 is abutted against the inner wall step portion of the liquid inlet valve plate 33, and the other end is abutted against the outer side wall step portion of the inner main runner.
Preferably, the end of the liquid inlet valve body 31 is provided with a liquid inlet guide channel 35 connecting the inside and the outside, and the liquid inlet guide channel 35 in this embodiment is preferably a liquid inlet small hole. When the liquid outlet end 21 of the pipeline is opened relatively little, the liquid inlet hole 32 is not opened, and the inner flow passage can be used for carrying out liquid inlet through the liquid inlet guide passage 35, so that the inner flow passage is beneficial to quickly generating liquid flow, and the front preparation is carried out for forming the pressure difference of the inner flow passage and the outer flow passage.
In order that the liquid inlet hole 32 can be opened by the liquid inlet valve plate 33, the liquid inlet valve plate 33 further has an outer extension portion 331, the outer extension portion 331 is preferably an annular flanging structure perpendicular to the main body of the liquid inlet valve plate 33, the outer extension portion 331 is located in the outer main runner, and when the outer main runner generates water flow, the liquid inlet valve plate 33 can be driven to move by the outer extension portion 331, and the liquid inlet hole 32 of the inner main runner is opened. In this embodiment, the larger the water flow action of the outer main flow channel, the larger the opening area of the liquid inlet 32, and the larger the liquid inlet amount of the inner main flow channel, which is beneficial to large-flow liquid outlet.
In order to enable the water flow of the outer main runner to better drive the liquid inlet valve plate 33 to move, the outer ring fixing ring 37 is arranged in the threaded mounting end 142 of the end pipe joint 14, the outer ring fixing ring 37 is annular, external threads are arranged on the outer side of the outer ring fixing ring, the inner side of the outer ring fixing ring is provided with a baffle ring portion 371, the baffle ring portion 371 is annular, the inner diameter of the baffle ring portion is identical to the outer diameter of the outer extending portion 331, the baffle ring portion 371 is arranged in a staggered mode with the outer extending portion 331, the baffle ring portion is located on the front side of the outer extending portion 331, a bent liquid inlet channel is formed between the baffle ring portion 371 and the outer extending portion 331, and when water at the liquid inlet end flows along a pipeline, most of water continuously acts on the outer extending portion 331, so that the liquid inlet valve plate 33 is effectively pushed to move, and the liquid inlet hole 32 is opened.
In order to prevent the liquid inlet valve plate 33 from separating from the liquid inlet valve body 31, a limiting structure 311 is arranged at the end of the liquid inlet valve body 31, and the limiting structure 311 can be a clamp spring or a limiting protrusion.
The differential pressure liquid inlet valve core has the advantages that:
1. when the water outlet of the liquid outlet end 21 of the pipeline is smaller, if the liquid inlet valve plate 33 is not moved, the liquid inlet hole 32 is not opened, and at this time, liquid can be fed through the liquid inlet guide channel 35, so that the liquid is discharged from the inner flow channel, and the pressure difference between the inner flow channel and the outer flow channel is generated.
2. When the water outlet ratio of the pipeline liquid outlet end 21 is larger, the liquid inlet valve plate 33 moves a larger distance, and the liquid inlet hole 32 opens a larger area, so that the liquid inlet of the inner runner is facilitated, and the liquid outlet amount of the inner runner and the outer runner of the pipeline liquid outlet end 21 is ensured. At the same time, the pressure difference between the inner and outer flow channels still exists.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model in this way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the utility model should be covered in the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. A differential pressure inlet valve cartridge for mounting at an inlet end of a tube-in-tube line having an inner flow passage and an outer flow passage, comprising:
a liquid inlet valve body (31) which is arranged at the liquid inlet end of the inner flow channel, wherein at least one liquid inlet hole (32) is formed on the liquid inlet valve body (31);
the liquid inlet valve block (33) is movably arranged on the liquid inlet valve body (31); and
the liquid inlet spring (34) is used for resetting the liquid inlet valve plate (33);
wherein the liquid inlet valve plate (33) can be used for sealing or opening the liquid inlet hole (32) through the liquid inlet spring (34);
when the liquid inlet end is used for feeding liquid, the liquid inlet valve plate (33) can open the liquid inlet hole (32) and increase the liquid inlet resistance of the inner flow channel.
2. The differential pressure inlet valve core of claim 1, wherein: the liquid inlet hole (32) is formed in the side wall of the liquid inlet valve body (31), and the liquid inlet valve plate (33) is movably arranged on the outer side of the liquid inlet valve body (31) and is used for opening/sealing the liquid inlet hole (32);
one end of the liquid inlet spring (34) is abutted against the liquid inlet valve plate (33), and the other end of the liquid inlet spring is abutted against the outer side wall of the inner flow passage.
3. The differential pressure inlet valve core according to claim 2, wherein: the liquid inlet valve plate (33) is further provided with an outer extension part (331), the outer extension part (331) is positioned in the outer flow channel, and when water flow is generated in the outer flow channel, the liquid inlet valve plate (33) can be driven to move through the outer extension part (331), and the liquid inlet hole (32) of the inner flow channel is opened.
4. A differential pressure inlet valve cartridge according to claim 3, wherein: the outer ring fixing ring (37) is further provided with a baffle ring part (371) on the inner side and is arranged in a dislocation mode with the outer extending part (331), so that a bent liquid inlet channel is formed between the baffle ring part (371) and the outer extending part (331).
5. The differential pressure inlet valve core according to claim 4, wherein: the outer side of the outer ring fixing ring (37) is provided with external threads, and the external threads are fixed on the inner side wall of the outer runner.
6. The differential pressure inlet valve core according to claim 4, wherein: the inner diameter of the baffle ring part (371) is the same as the outer diameter of the outer extension part (331).
7. The differential pressure inlet valve core according to claim 2, wherein: the end part of the liquid inlet valve body (31) is provided with a limiting structure (311) for limiting the liquid inlet valve plate (33) to be separated.
8. The differential pressure inlet valve core of claim 1, wherein: the liquid inlet valve plate (33) or the liquid inlet valve body (31) is provided with a liquid inlet guide channel (35) communicated with the inside and the outside.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321029964.XU CN220286778U (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Differential pressure liquid inlet valve core |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321029964.XU CN220286778U (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Differential pressure liquid inlet valve core |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220286778U true CN220286778U (en) | 2024-01-02 |
Family
ID=89342633
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321029964.XU Active CN220286778U (en) | 2023-04-27 | 2023-04-27 | Differential pressure liquid inlet valve core |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220286778U (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-04-27 CN CN202321029964.XU patent/CN220286778U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103375951A (en) | Thermostatic expansion valve with unilateral control function | |
| CN220286778U (en) | Differential pressure liquid inlet valve core | |
| KR200456133Y1 (en) | Apparatus for preventing flowing backward of underground type firehydrant | |
| CN212080232U (en) | Combination valve | |
| CN220286779U (en) | Differential pressure liquid outlet valve | |
| CN107940042B (en) | Anti-blocking one-way valve and central hot water system | |
| US5351524A (en) | Gas leak detection test station | |
| CN203585404U (en) | All-welded automatic back-flushing and filtering ball valve | |
| CN210397791U (en) | Take kitchen tap of pure water function | |
| CN205048047U (en) | But lateral conduit connection structure of noise reduction | |
| CN201575204U (en) | Isolating valve with return-stopping function | |
| CN101191561A (en) | Water heating control valve | |
| CN111810676B (en) | Anti-water-mixing three-way valve and zero-cold-water hot water system | |
| CN209856782U (en) | Negative pressure self-suction fluid dead cavity destruction device | |
| CN217234576U (en) | Large-flow quick-connection normally open electromagnetic valve | |
| CN1023725C (en) | Three-way pipe for pilot fluid and confluence | |
| CN217502760U (en) | One-way non-return ball valve | |
| CN210624167U (en) | Reducing modularization nest of tubes structure | |
| CN117759803A (en) | Fluid communication device | |
| CN116293460A (en) | Passive pressure differential type pipe-in-pipe liquid outlet system | |
| CN207299553U (en) | A kind of water heater safety protects copper valve | |
| CN219734306U (en) | Tap with flowmeter | |
| CN210178997U (en) | Combined double-valve-core check valve | |
| CN219954540U (en) | Pipeline and pipeline system | |
| CN104984506B (en) | Intelligent fire hydrant monitors valve |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |