CN220276621U - A carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption, which includes a capture tube, a carbon dioxide gas collection tank, an air pump and a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring component; the capture tube is coaxially arranged from left to right. Fan, air drying assembly, upper sealing valve, carbon dioxide capture net and lower sealing valve; wherein, the inner cavity of the collection pipe between the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve forms a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber; the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber has a collector. The gas port and the exhaust port; wherein, the gas collection port is connected to the carbon dioxide gas collection tank, and the exhaust port is connected to the air extraction pump; the carbon dioxide capture network includes a support ring, a pin, a solid amine and an electric heating wire. This application can continuously capture the carbon dioxide exhaled by people in a confined space and enter the carbon dioxide gas storage tank. On the one hand, it reduces the indoor carbon dioxide content. On the other hand, it is beneficial to the reuse of carbon dioxide, such as facilitating the survival of plants.

Description

A carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption

Technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, in particular to a carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption.

Background technique

With the continuous exploitation and utilization of energy resources in our country, non-renewable resources are decreasing day by day, and the recovery of resources in waste gas has gradually attracted attention. Carbon dioxide accounts for a large proportion of the components of exhaust gas. If carbon dioxide can be separated, recycled and stored, it will not only slow down the greenhouse effect, but also use the collected carbon dioxide to replenish related resources and energy.

Especially with the continuous development of my country's aerospace technology, more and more ecological warehouses will be established in the space environment or other celestial bodies in the future. In the eco-silo, the concentration of carbon dioxide must be controlled. However, both astronauts, animals and plants, and mechanical devices in the warehouse will produce carbon dioxide to a greater or lesser extent in daily life. At the same time, carbon dioxide is also a rare resource in the space environment and can be used as a gas fertilizer and even as a fuel for future aerospace. One of the propellants. Therefore, the capture and recovery of carbon dioxide is very necessary.

There are currently many methods for capturing carbon dioxide, which are mainly divided into physical, chemical and biological methods. Among them, the physical method mainly uses activated carbon for adsorption, but the optimal activation temperature of activated carbon often ranges from 500°C to 800°C, and the adsorption percentage ranges from 17.21% to 27.3%. This makes long-term and efficient adsorption work more energy-intensive. High and dangerous. Moreover, desorption of activated carbon after adsorbing carbon dioxide is also very complicated. It usually requires high-temperature heating or reaction with chemical reagents to desorb.

Some of the above physical methods also use solutions for absorption, which are mainly absorbed or desorbed based on the change of CO ₂ solubility in the solution with pressure. The absorbents used in the _CO2 physical absorption method mainly include solutions such as water, methanol, and propylene carbonate. Most of these methods are carried out at low temperature and high pressure. They have the advantages of large gas absorption, no need for heating for absorbent regeneration, and no corrosion of equipment. They solve the problem of high temperature, but require higher pressure.

Traditional chemical adsorption methods usually use sodium hydroxide to react with carbon dioxide to generate sodium carbonate, thereby adsorbing and fixing carbon dioxide. However, heat will be released during the adsorption process, and it is difficult to desorb after adsorption. It can only be used once, which requires the search for new chemical adsorbents.

The biosorption method mainly uses the photosynthesis of plants to fix carbon dioxide. When the plants are larger, they have a more obvious effect. However, in relatively closed rooms such as space stations, the rate of absorbing carbon dioxide is slower and the effect is not obvious. And maintaining the growth of plants is also more complicated. Usually biosorption methods are used as auxiliary methods and cannot rely mainly on organisms to adsorb and desorb indoor carbon dioxide.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a carbon dioxide capture device based on the adsorption of solid polyethyleneimine in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The carbon dioxide capture device based on the adsorption of solid polyethyleneimine can The carbon dioxide exhaled by space personnel and others is continuously captured and entered into the carbon dioxide gas storage tank. On the one hand, it reduces the indoor carbon dioxide content. On the other hand, it is conducive to the reuse of carbon dioxide, such as facilitating the survival of plants.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is:

A carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption, including a capture tube, a carbon dioxide gas collection tank, an air extraction pump and a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring component.

A fan, an air drying component, an upper sealing valve, a carbon dioxide capture net and a lower sealing valve are coaxially arranged in the collection tube from left to right; among them, the inner cavity of the collection tube between the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve forms a carbon dioxide Adsorption and desorption chamber.

The carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber has a gas collection port and an exhaust port; the gas collection port is connected to the carbon dioxide gas collection tank, and the exhaust port is connected to the air extraction pump.

The carbon dioxide capture net includes support rings, pins, solid amine and electric heating wires.

There are several support rings, arranged concentrically in a radial manner, and the outermost support ring is detachably connected to the collection tube; an annular groove is formed between two adjacent support rings.

A number of pins are evenly distributed in each annular groove along the circumferential direction, and one of the solid amines is set on the outer periphery of each pin.

The electric heating wire is spiral-shaped and embedded in the annular groove of the support ring.

The carbon dioxide concentration monitoring component includes an internal carbon dioxide concentration sensor and an external carbon dioxide concentration sensor; the internal carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used to monitor the carbon dioxide concentration in the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber; the external carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used to monitor the ambient carbon dioxide in the space where the capture tube is located. concentration.

Each solid amine has a cubic structure.

Each solid amine is coaxially set in the middle of the corresponding pin, and there is an annular gap between each solid amine and the inner or outer support ring; the electric heating wire is embedded in the annular gap.

The air pump is a two-way air pump.

Both the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve include a sealing plate, a blocking plate and a blocking motor.

The outer ring of the sealing plate is sealingly connected with the collection tube, and the sealing plate is provided with a vent hole.

The sealing plate can seal and block all the ventilation holes on the sealing plate driven by the sealing motor.

The side of the sealing plate facing the blocking plate is provided with at least two guide sliding plates. The two guiding sliding plates are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the blocking plate and are in sliding cooperation with the outer wall of the blocking plate.

The blocking motor is installed on the inner wall of the collection pipe through the motor bracket, and the blocking plate is installed at the end of the output shaft of the blocking motor.

The ventilation holes are arc-shaped holes evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

The air drying component is an air dryer filled with calcium oxide powder.

The inner diameter of the collection tube is 161mm, the outer diameter is 171mm, and the length is 600mm; the length of the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber is 240mm-250mm, and the thickness of the carbon dioxide capture net is 15mm-25mm.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1. This application designs an adsorbent based on the adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide by solid polyethyleneimine (also called solid amine). The principle of carbon dioxide adsorption by polyethyleneimine solid materials is based on the adsorption of intermolecular forces. The surface of the ethyleneimine solid material has a large number of functional groups such as amino groups and carboxyl groups. These functional groups will form certain voids and pores at the microscopic level. These voids and pores form a molecular sieve-like structure. The molecular size of carbon dioxide is moderate, and it can enter the molecular sieve structure through these gaps and pores, and generate intermolecular forces with the molecular sieve structure on the surface of the solid material. At the same time, polyethyleneimine has the advantages of high adsorption capacity, high selectivity, strong reversibility, strong heat resistance, and strong applicability. Therefore, this application can be used to meet the needs of long-term capture of carbon dioxide at low concentrations in closed rooms such as space stations, and has the advantages of lower energy consumption, lower noise, and long-term operation.

2. This application can solve the problem of indoor carbon dioxide capture. It has good adaptability to closed indoor environments such as space stations and alien bases. It can continuously capture the carbon dioxide exhaled by people in confined spaces and enter the carbon dioxide gas storage tank. On the one hand, it can reduce On the other hand, it is beneficial to the reuse of carbon dioxide, such as facilitating the survival of plants.

3. This application is easy to process, has low cost, is easy to place, has low energy consumption, has low noise, and can run for a long time.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the upper sealing valve or the lower sealing valve in the present utility model.

Figure 3 shows a front view of the carbon dioxide capture net when the electric heating wire is not included in the utility model.

Figure 4 shows a partial axial side enlarged view of the carbon dioxide capture net in the present utility model.

Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of the electric heating wire in the present utility model.

Figure 6 shows a front view of the carbon dioxide capture net when the electric heating wire is embedded in the utility model.

Including:

10. Collection tube; 11. Adsorption and desorption chamber; 12. Gas collection port; 121. Vacuum pump; 122. Carbon dioxide gas collection tank;

13. Exhaust port; 131. Two-way vacuum pump;

20. Fan;

30. Air drying components;

40. Upper sealing valve;

41. Sealing plate; 411. Through hole; 412. Guide slide plate; 42. Blocking plate; 43. Blocking motor; 431. Motor bracket;

50. Carbon dioxide capture net; 51. Support ring; 52. Pin; 53. Solid amine; 54. Annular gap; 55. Electric heating wire;

60. Lower sealing valve;

70. Internal carbon dioxide concentration sensor; 80. External carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

Detailed ways

The present utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and only It is for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and "first", "second", etc. do not mean zero. The importance of the components should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, a carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption includes a capture pipe 10, a carbon dioxide gas collection tank 122, an air extraction pump and a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring component.

A fan 20, an air drying assembly 30, an upper sealing valve 40, a carbon dioxide capture net 50 and a lower sealing valve 60 are coaxially arranged in the collection pipe from left to right; among them, the collection valve between the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve The inner cavity of the tube forms a carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber 11 .

The above-mentioned air drying component is preferably an air drying chamber filled with calcium oxide powder, which can absorb moisture in the air.

In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the collection tube is preferably 161 mm, the outer diameter is preferably 171 mm, and the length is preferably 600 mm; the length of the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber is preferably 240 mm-250 mm.

The carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber has a gas collection port 12 and an exhaust port 13; wherein, the gas collection port is preferably connected to the carbon dioxide gas collection tank through a vacuum pump 121, and the exhaust port is connected to an air extraction pump; further, the air extraction pump is preferably a two-way air extraction pump 131 .

As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, the carbon dioxide capture net includes a support ring 51, a pin 52, a solid amine 53 and an electric heating wire 55.

There are several support rings arranged concentrically in a radial manner, and the outermost support ring and the collection tube are preferably detachably connected by bolts; an annular groove is formed between two adjacent support rings.

In this embodiment, the thickness of the carbon dioxide capture net (that is, the thickness of the support ring) is preferably 15 mm to 25 mm.

A number of pins are evenly distributed in each annular groove along the circumferential direction, and a solid amine is set on the outer periphery of each pin. Further, each solid amine is coaxially sleeved in the middle of the corresponding pin, and each solid amine has an annular gap 54 with the inner or outer support ring.

Furthermore, each solid amine is preferably a cube structure. After being arranged in this way, the contact area between the solid amine and the air is relatively large, and at the same time, the pressure of the wind on the structure is relatively small, which can not only allow the wind to flow out smoothly but also capture the carbon dioxide in it.

As shown in FIG. 2 , both the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve preferably include a sealing plate 41 , a blocking plate 42 and a blocking motor 43 .

The outer ring of the sealing plate is preferably sealingly connected to the collection tube through a sealing gasket, and the sealing plate is provided with a vent hole. In this embodiment, the ventilation holes are preferably arc-shaped holes 411 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

The sealing plate is provided with at least two guide sliding plates 412 on one side facing the blocking plate. The two guiding sliding plates are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the blocking plate and are in sliding cooperation with the outer wall of the blocking plate.

The blocking motor is preferably installed on the inner wall of the collection pipe through the motor bracket 431, and a blocking plate is installed at the end of the output shaft of the blocking motor.

The sealing plate can seal and block all the ventilation holes on the sealing plate driven by the sealing motor.

The above-mentioned electric heating wire is in a spiral shape, as specifically shown in Figures 5 and 6, and is preferably embedded in the annular gap of the support ring.

The carbon dioxide concentration monitoring component includes an inner carbon dioxide concentration sensor 70 and an outer carbon dioxide concentration sensor 80; wherein, the inner carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used to monitor the carbon dioxide concentration in the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber; the outer carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used to monitor the space where the capture tube is located. Ambient carbon dioxide concentration.

In this application, the carbon dioxide capture method preferably includes the following steps.

Step 1. Air drying: The fan starts to fan the air into the collection tube. The air first enters the air drying chamber. In the air drying chamber, the moisture in the air is basically absorbed by calcium oxide, and the circulation speed of the air is reduced at the same time, making it easier for subsequent adsorption. Carbon dioxide is ready.

Step 2. Carbon dioxide capture: The air after drying and deceleration enters the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber through the open upper sealing valve, and is adsorbed by the solid amine (also called solid polyethylenimine) in the carbon dioxide capture net to obtain aminomethyl. acid esters and alkyl carbonates, and the adsorbed air flows out from the opened lower sealing valve.

Step 3. Carbon dioxide concentration monitoring: Use the internal carbon dioxide concentration sensor to real-time monitor the carbon dioxide concentration in the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber; use the external carbon dioxide concentration sensor to real-time monitor the ambient carbon dioxide concentration in the space where the capture tube is located.

Step 4. Form a closed desorption space: When the difference in carbon dioxide concentration between the adsorption and desorption chamber and the environment is less than the set value or the monitoring value of the carbon dioxide concentration sensor in adjacent moments is significantly reduced, it means that a large part of the carbon dioxide in the air has been absorbed. Adsorption. At this time, the fan is turned off, and the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve are closed at the same time, so that the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber forms a sealed desorption space.

Step 5. Start the two-way air pump: First, use the two-way air pump to extract the air in the closed desorption space through the exhaust port, so that a negative pressure is formed in the closed desorption space, and then close the two-way air pump.

Step 6. Desorption: The electric heating wire begins to heat, preferably to about 130°C, and carbon dioxide begins to desorb from the solid polyethyleneimine.

Step 7. Monitoring of desorbed carbon dioxide concentration: Use an internal carbon dioxide concentration sensor to monitor the carbon dioxide concentration after desorption in step 6 in real time.

Step 8. Capture carbon dioxide: When the carbon dioxide concentration remains basically stable or changes little after desorption, turn off the electric heating wire, turn on the vacuum pump, and pump the desorbed carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide gas collection tank through the gas collection port.

Step 9. Start the two-way air pump again: When all the carbon dioxide is extracted, open the two-way air pump again to pump air into the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber (also called carbon dioxide capture chamber). Then start the blocking motor and open the upper sealing valve. and lower the sealing valve, turn on the fan, re-introduce air, and complete a cycle.

The preferred embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above. However, the present utility model is not limited to the specific details in the above-mentioned embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present utility model, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present utility model. , these equivalent transformations all belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption, characterized by: including a capture pipe, a carbon dioxide gas collection tank, an air pump and a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring component; A fan, an air drying component, an upper sealing valve, a carbon dioxide capture net and a lower sealing valve are coaxially arranged in the collection tube from left to right; among them, the inner cavity of the collection tube between the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve forms a carbon dioxide Adsorption and desorption chamber; The carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber has a gas collection port and an exhaust port; wherein, the gas collection port is connected to the carbon dioxide gas collection tank, and the exhaust port is connected to the air extraction pump; The carbon dioxide capture net includes support rings, pins, solid amine and electric heating wire; There are several support rings, arranged concentrically in a radial manner, and the outermost support ring is detachably connected to the collection tube; an annular groove is formed between two adjacent support rings; A number of pins are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction in each annular groove, and one of the solid amines is set on the outer periphery of each pin; the electric heating wire is in a spiral shape and is embedded in the annular groove of the support ring. ; The carbon dioxide concentration monitoring component includes an internal carbon dioxide concentration sensor and an external carbon dioxide concentration sensor; the internal carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used to monitor the carbon dioxide concentration in the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber; the external carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used to monitor the ambient carbon dioxide in the space where the capture tube is located. concentration. 2. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that: each solid amine has a cubic structure. 3. The carbon dioxide capture device based on the adsorption of solid polyethylene imine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: each solid amine is coaxially set in the middle of the corresponding pin, and each solid amine is connected to the inner side. Or there is an annular gap between the outer support rings; the electric heating wire is embedded in the annular gap. 4. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air pump is a two-way air pump. 5. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper sealing valve and the lower sealing valve both include a sealing plate, a blocking plate and a blocking motor; The outer ring of the sealing plate is sealingly connected to the collection tube, and the sealing plate is provided with a vent hole; The sealing plate can seal and block all the ventilation holes on the sealing plate driven by the sealing motor. 6. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 5, characterized in that: the sealing plate is provided with at least two guide slides on one side facing the blocking plate, and the two guide slides are evenly arranged on The outer periphery of the sealing plate is sealed and slidably matched with the outer wall surface of the sealing plate. 7. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the blocking motor is installed on the inner wall of the collection pipe through the motor bracket, and the output shaft end of the blocking motor is installed. The blocking plate. 8. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 5, characterized in that: the ventilation holes are arc-shaped holes evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. 9. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the air drying component is an air dryer filled with calcium oxide powder. 10. The carbon dioxide capture device based on solid polyethyleneimine adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the capture tube is 161mm, the outer diameter is 171mm, and the length is 600mm; the length of the carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber The thickness of the carbon dioxide capture net is 240mm-250mm, and the thickness of the carbon dioxide capture net is 15mm-25mm.