CN220240130U - Deep hole processing positioning guide device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a positioning and guiding device for deep hole machining, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The device comprises a plurality of drill sleeves used for accommodating drilling tools, wherein one end of each drill sleeve is close to a processing hole of a workpiece or a processing clamp arranged on the end face of the workpiece, one end of each drill sleeve, which is far away from the workpiece, is provided with a positioning plate, and the drilling axes of the drilling tools are determined in a mode that one side of each drill sleeve is in assembly connection with the processing hole of the workpiece or the processing clamp and the other side of each drill sleeve is in assembly connection with the positioning hole of the positioning plate under the condition that the positioning plate is aligned with the workpiece and the positioning plate is provided with a plurality of positioning holes. The positioning guide device mainly performs positioning guide on a drilling tool in the deep hole machining process, and can inhibit shaking deflection of the drilling tool in the machining process based on support guide of a drilling sleeve structure on the drilling tool when the positioning of the drilling position is accurate, so that machining precision of drilling, reaming and eccentric hole machining processes is improved by matching with a machining clamp of a workpiece.

Description

Deep hole processing positioning guide device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a positioning and guiding device for deep hole machining.

Background

The deep hole processing is mainly aimed at holes with the ratio of the hole depth to the hole diameter being larger than 6, and particularly the hole depth to hole diameter ratio L/d of the deep hole can be larger than 100 under specific application scenes, such as oil cylinder holes, axial oil holes of shafts, hollow main shaft holes, hydraulic valve holes and the like. Because deep hole processing is mostly a processing process in a closed state or a semi-closed state, and the deep hole processing process is complex, factors causing the offset of the hole axis are various, and especially in the deep hole processing process aiming at the large hole depth aperture ratio, the factors such as insufficient cutter bar rigidity, initial deflection of a cutter, dead weight of the cutter bar, processing mode, geometric parameters of the cutter and the like can cause the difficulty in meeting the requirements of processing precision in the deep hole processing process, such as parallelism, coaxiality and the like. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a tool fixture suitable for deep hole machining process with large hole-to-depth aperture ratio.

In the existing work fixture scheme to deep hole processing, for example, patent publication No. CN218745046U discloses an eccentric hole processing fixture, including: the chuck clamps the workpiece to be drilled, acts on the first end part and the second end part of the workpiece to be drilled respectively, and fixes the first end part and the second end part of the workpiece to be drilled on the bearing and the three-jaw chuck respectively; the cushion block is used for contacting with the assembly plane of the workpiece to be drilled, and the cushion block is enabled to move inwards in the radial direction through the clamping of the locking mechanism, so that the workpiece to be drilled is fixed in the chuck; the locking mechanism is used for clamping the workpiece to be drilled, and screwing a bolt on the locking mechanism, so that a cushion block on the locking mechanism moves radially inwards to fix the workpiece to be drilled in the chuck; and the assembly plane is used for fully contacting with the cushion block. The fixture is used for fixing long-axis parts based on chucks for respectively fixing two ends of a workpiece, but for a deep hole machining process of a large hole-to-depth aperture ratio, the fixing effect of the two ends is limited, vibration generated when a drill bit advances to the middle position of the workpiece cannot be effectively restrained, deflection errors exceeding machining precision easily occur in the drill bit, and particularly for the deep hole machining process of the large hole-to-depth aperture ratio, small deflection errors are accumulated based on machining advancing, so that the final forming effect of the workpiece is difficult to meet fine machining requirements.

The patent with the bulletin number of CN215616509U discloses a deep hole drill multi-angle clamp for mold processing, which comprises a base, the riser is installed to base upper end both sides, install left and right sides clamping positioning mechanism on the riser, base upside mid-mounting has the positioning seat, the positioning seat upside is installed and is fixed a position the clamping piece, go up the transmission of positioning clamping piece downside and be connected with first cylinder, go up the constant head tank has all been seted up to the inside constant head tank of positioning clamping piece and positioning seat, the constant head tank sets up to the semicircle groove, and the slipmat is installed to the constant head tank inner wall. The device sets up corresponding centre gripping positioning mechanism at the both sides terminal surface of work piece, and this scheme centre gripping positioning mechanism's setting method can influence by the work piece terminal surface to advance to bore and carry out axial deep hole processing's process.

Based on the above, the fixture for eccentric deep holes in the prior art cannot effectively assist in positioning drilling of a drilling tool and guarantee jitter suppression and precision control in the drilling tool advancing process for the clamping structure and the clamping arrangement mode of the workpiece, especially for the deep hole machining process of a large hole depth aperture ratio and a long shaft workpiece, the hollow structure hole existing in the workpiece to be machined further weakens the integral rigidity of the workpiece, the drilling tool is overlong, the probability of drilling tool jitter deflection is obviously increased under the condition of lacking a supporting positioning structure, and machining precision in the drilling reaming and eccentric hole machining processes is difficult to guarantee.

Furthermore, there are differences in one aspect due to understanding to those skilled in the art; on the other hand, as the inventors studied numerous documents and patents while the present utility model was made, the text is not limited to details and contents of all that are listed, but it is by no means the present utility model does not have these prior art features, the present utility model has all the prior art features, and the applicant remains in the background art to which the rights of the related prior art are added.

Disclosure of Invention

To the at least partial inadequacies of prior art, this application has proposed a deep hole processing location guider, location guider is including a plurality of drill bushing that are used for holding the drilling tool, the drill bushing is close to the processing hole of work piece one end directional work piece or arrange in the processing anchor clamps of work piece terminal surface, drill bushing keeps away from work piece one end and is equipped with the locating plate, wherein, under the condition that locating plate and work piece align to be arranged and the locating plate disposes a plurality of locating holes that allow the drill bushing to pass, the drill bushing is based on one side and the processing hole of work piece or the mode of processing anchor clamps assembly connection and opposite side and locating plate's locating hole assembly connection confirm drilling tool processing axis.

Preferably, the positioning plate is arranged coaxially with the workpiece or aligned based on the marking axis, so that the positions of the positioning holes on the positioning plate correspond to the positions of the processing holes of the workpiece one by one.

Preferably, the positioning guide is further provided with a sleeve for enhancing the overall rigidity of the drill sleeve, wherein the sleeve is arranged in such a way that it surrounds at least part of the length of the drill sleeve.

Preferably, the drill bushing is provided with a first drill bushing for drilling and a second drill bushing for reaming, the first drill bushing and the second drill bushing corresponding to a first size of the drilling tool and a second size of the drilling tool, respectively, wherein the first size is smaller than the second size.

Preferably, the drill bushing is provided with a first drill bushing for drilling and a second drill bushing for reaming and arranged eccentrically with respect to the first drill bushing, such that the first drill bushing and the second drill bushing are arranged in a non-coaxial arrangement inside the casing. Under the condition that the radial distances of the central axes of the first drill bushings are consistent with the central axes of the positioning plates, the central axes of the second drill bushings are coaxially arranged with the central axes of the positioning holes, so that the central axes of the positioning holes are eccentrically arranged relative to the central axes of the first drill bushings.

Preferably, the first drill bushing and the second drill bushing of the drill bushing are detachably connected in a fitting manner, wherein the first drill bushing is arranged close to the workpiece and the second drill bushing is connected in a fitting manner to the end of the first drill bushing remote from the workpiece.

Preferably, the drill bushing is assembled and connected with the positioning hole of the positioning plate through the sleeve, wherein the positioning hole is provided with a set screw, and the set screw is assembled and connected with the positioning plate in a mode that the tail end of the screw is pressed against the surface of the sleeve.

Preferably, the positioning plate is provided with a fool-proof mark for determining the assembly angle of the positioning plate relative to the workpiece, wherein the fool-proof mark at least comprises a shape mark. In addition, the locating plate can be provided with a middle through hole to realize light-weight design.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this application lie in at least:

(1) The positioning guide device is mainly used for positioning and guiding a drilling tool in the deep hole machining process, particularly for a deep hole machining process of a large hole-to-depth aperture ratio and a long shaft workpiece with an axial through hole, and can inhibit shaking deflection of the drilling tool in the machining process based on a drill bushing structure while ensuring accurate positioning of a drilling position, so that the drilling tool, reaming and eccentric hole machining process with high quality are completed by matching with a machining clamp of the workpiece;

(2) The positioning guide device can be provided with a plurality of groups of drill sleeves based on the number of machining holes of a workpiece, and a single group of drill sleeves can be assembled by a plurality of standard drill sleeves with different sizes, so that the drill sleeves can simultaneously meet the requirements of drilling and reaming, and can effectively correct the axis deviation of the holes in the deep hole machining process and obtain the correct geometric shape and size and the surface roughness meeting the requirements;

(3) The single drill bushing of this application still can form based on the eccentric assembly of a plurality of not unidimensional standard drill bushing, compares in prior art directly based on the process that the locating plate carries out eccentric location drilling, carries out eccentric drilling or eccentric reaming based on the eccentric drill bushing that assembles integrative setting, can avoid changing the deviation in drill bushing and the repositioning in-process in order to promote deep hole processingquality in the reaming of drilling.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a machining fixture according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of a processing jig according to an embodiment of the present application.

List of reference numerals

1: a set screw; 2: a positioning plate; 3: a sleeve; 4: a drill sleeve; 5: a workpiece; 6: positioning holes; 7: and (5) processing holes.

Detailed Description

Any direction set forth in this application is provided for reader convenience only and is not a corresponding limitation of this application. In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the utility model.

The present utility model will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The utility model provides a positioning and guiding device, in particular relates to a deep hole machining positioning and guiding device, and particularly relates to an eccentric deep hole machining positioning and guiding device, belonging to the technical field of machining. The positioning guide device mainly performs positioning guide on a drilling tool in the deep hole machining process, particularly aims at the deep hole machining process of a large hole depth aperture ratio and a long shaft workpiece 5 with an axial through hole, and can inhibit drilling tool shaking deflection in the machining process based on a supporting guide structure of the drilling tool when the positioning guide device ensures accurate positioning of a drilling position, so that the machining fixture matched with the workpiece 5 is used for completing high-quality drilling and reaming machining processes.

As shown in fig. 1, the positioning guide of the present application is provided with a plurality of drill bushings 4 for accommodating drilling tools, and the drill bushings 4 serve to determine the position of a machined hole 7 in a workpiece 5, guide a tool for machining, and improve the rigidity of the tool during machining and prevent vibration during machining. Specifically, the drill bushing 4 is configured to have a long-axis type structure with axially disposed guide holes, the guide holes of the drill bushing 4 allow the drilling tool to pass through and act on the machining positions of the workpiece 5, which may correspond to the corresponding positions of the machining holes 7 of the workpiece 5 or the machining jigs disposed at the end surfaces of the workpiece 5, so that the drill bushing 4 can determine the axial positions of the corresponding-sized tools to meet the accuracy requirements in terms of coaxiality and parallelism for deep hole machining.

Further, one end of the drill sleeve 4 close to the workpiece 5 points to a corresponding position of a processing hole 7 of the workpiece 5 or a processing clamp arranged on the end face of the workpiece 5, so that the one end of the drill sleeve 4 close to the workpiece 5 can be assembled and connected with the processing hole 7 or the processing clamp; the end of the drill bushing 4 remote from the workpiece 5 is fitted with a positioning plate 2, the positioning plate 2 is provided with a number of positioning holes 6 allowing the drill bushing 4 to pass through, the positioning plate 2 is arranged in alignment or coaxially with the workpiece 5, and the drill bushing 4 determines the drilling tool machining axis based on the way that one side is in fitting connection with the machining hole 7 or the machining fixture of the workpiece 5 and the other side is in fitting connection with the positioning holes 6 of the positioning plate 2.

Preferably, in order to further improve the structural rigidity of the drill bushing 4 and enhance the guiding and positioning action on the drilling tool, the positioning guide device is further provided with a sleeve 3 which at least surrounds part of the length of the drill bushing 4, and the sleeve 3 can surround the drill bushing 4 in a coaxial arrangement, so that the sleeve 3 can increase the guiding and supporting action of the eccentric sleeve 3 on the drilling tool based on the restraining action on the eccentric sleeve 3, and the positioning guide device is particularly important for the eccentric sleeve 3 with two groups of guide holes, the deep hole machining process with a large hole depth-aperture ratio and the long shaft workpiece 5 with an axial through hole, and is important for accurately positioning and stably maintaining the drilling tool and ensuring the machining precision of drilling holes, reaming holes and eccentric holes.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the drill bushing 4 is configured with a first guide hole using a first-size drilling tool and a second guide hole suitable for a second-size drilling tool, and the first size is smaller than the second size, so that the positioning guide device of the present application can be suitable for a drilling and reaming process, that is, the first-size drilling tool is used for machining an initial hole of the workpiece 5, and then the second-size drilling tool is used for reaming the initial hole, so that the axial deviation of the hole in the deep hole machining process can be effectively corrected, and the correct geometric shape size and the surface roughness meeting the requirements can be obtained.

In particular, to accommodate the reaming process of the eccentric bores, the drill sleeve 4 in the present application is configured as an eccentric drill sleeve 4, i.e. the second pilot bore is eccentrically arranged relative to the first pilot bore such that the central axis of the second pilot bore is parallel to the central axis of the first pilot bore instead of coaxial. For example, the drill sleeve 4 may be assembled from a first drill sleeve provided with a first pilot hole and a second drill sleeve provided with a second pilot hole, with the first drill sleeve being closer to the workpiece 5 than the second drill sleeve, the casing 3 surrounding the first drill sleeve and the second drill sleeve to enhance the overall rigidity of the drill sleeve 4 and the robustness of the fit of the first drill sleeve with the second drill sleeve. During drilling, the first-size drilling tool sequentially passes through the second drilling sleeve and the first drilling sleeve to act on the workpiece 5 to process an initial hole, during reaming, the first drilling tool is contacted with the second drilling tool in an assembly connection mode to only keep the second drilling tool, so that the second-size drilling tool passes through the second drilling sleeve to act on the initial hole to conduct reaming, drilling and reaming can be conducted on the workpiece 5, the eccentric hole can be finally formed, accurate positioning can be conducted on the eccentric hole based on matching of two groups of guide holes of the drilling sleeve 4, continuous guiding support can be conducted on the drilling and reaming process, and accordingly high-quality eccentric hole processing can be achieved on the deep hole processing process of a large hole diameter ratio and the long shaft workpiece 5 with an axial through hole by matching with a processing clamp of the workpiece 5.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the end of the drill bushing 4 away from the workpiece 5 is assembled and connected with the positioning hole 6 arranged on the positioning plate 2 through the sleeve 3 surrounding the drill bushing 4, the positioning plate 2 is aligned with the workpiece 5, and the alignment arrangement comprises coaxial arrangement or alignment based on other marking axes, so that the position of the positioning hole 6 on the positioning plate 2 corresponds to the position of the processing hole 7 of the workpiece 5 or the corresponding position of the processing fixture arranged on the end face of the workpiece 5 one by one, and then the drill bushing 4 can determine the processing axis of the drilling tool based on the assembled and connected at two ends and effectively position, guide and hold the drilling tool during processing by the drill bushing 4. Specifically, the sleeve 3 is assembled with the positioning hole 6 of the positioning plate 2 through the set screw 1, and the set screw 1 can be placed in the same small hole of the positioning hole 6 along the side surface perpendicular to the axis direction of the positioning plate 2, so that the set screw 1 can press the surface of the sleeve 3 with the tail end of the screw to realize stable assembly connection of the sleeve 3 relative to the positioning hole 6. Compared with the mode that the set screw 1 directly acts on the drill bushing 4, the set screw 1 acts on the sleeve 3, so that the drill bushing 4 can be prevented from being damaged, and the normal service life of the drill bushing 4 can be ensured.

Preferably, when the workpiece 5 requires that a plurality of eccentrically disposed machining holes 7 be provided on the end face and that the eccentric directions of the machining holes 7 be different, the positioning plate 2 is provided with a fool-proof mark due to determining the assembly angle of the positioning plate 2 with respect to the workpiece 5, the fool-proof mark may be a shape mark, such as a straight edge or other shape mark, disposed on the positioning plate 2. The locating holes 6 arranged on the locating plate 2 can also be associated with the eccentric directions of the corresponding machining holes 7 to set corresponding eccentric marks, the eccentric marks can be used for indicating the eccentric directions of the corresponding machining holes 7, and the eccentric marks are used for quickly selecting the corresponding locating plate 2 so as to be suitable for the machining requirements of the current workpiece 5.

Preferably, the locating plate 2 is configured to be disc-shaped and coaxially arranged with the workpiece 5, and in order to realize the light weight design of the locating guide device, the locating plate 2 can be provided with a middle through hole in the center, so that the structural rigidity of the locating plate 2 is ensured, the weight of the locating plate 2 is reduced, and the observation and monitoring in the deep hole machining process are facilitated. For example, when the positioning plate 2 is provided with three sets of positioning holes 6 arranged at 120 degree intervals, the positioning guide is configured with three sets of drill bushings 4 correspondingly arranged, and when the eccentric directions of the machining holes 7 corresponding to the three sets of positioning holes 6 are different, the three sets of drill bushings 4 are configured as eccentric drill bushings 4 correspondingly differently arranged in the eccentric directions, so that targeted eccentric hole machining can be realized by matching the machining fixture of the workpiece 5 based on the positioning plate 2 and the eccentric drill bushings 4.

It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and that a person skilled in the art, in light of the present disclosure, may devise various solutions that fall within the scope of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present description and drawings are illustrative and not limiting to the claims. The scope of the utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A positioning and guiding device for deep hole machining is characterized by comprising a plurality of drill sleeves (4) for accommodating drilling tools, wherein one ends of the drill sleeves (4) close to a workpiece (5) are directed to a machining hole (7) of the workpiece (5) or a machining clamp arranged on the end face of the workpiece (5), one ends of the drill sleeves (4) far away from the workpiece (5) are provided with positioning plates (2),

wherein,

in the case of a positioning plate (2) which is arranged in alignment with the workpiece (5) and in which the positioning plate (2) is provided with a number of positioning holes (6) which allow the drill bushing (4) to pass through, the drill bushing (4) determines the drilling axis in such a way that one side is in fitting connection with the machining holes (7) of the workpiece (5) or with the machining fixture and the other side is in fitting connection with the positioning holes (6) of the positioning plate (2).

2. Positioning guide according to claim 1, characterized in that the positioning plate (2) is arranged coaxially with the workpiece (5) or aligned on the basis of a marking axis, such that the positions of the positioning holes (6) on the positioning plate (2) correspond one-to-one with the positions of the machining holes (7) of the workpiece (5).

3. Positioning guide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the positioning guide is further provided with a sleeve (3) for enhancing the overall rigidity of the drill bushing (4),

wherein the casing (3) is arranged in such a way that it encloses at least part of the length of the drill sleeve (4).

4. A positioning and guiding device according to claim 3, characterized in that the drill bushing (4) is provided with a first drill bushing for drilling and a second drill bushing for reaming, which correspond to a first size of drill tool and a second size of drill tool, respectively, wherein the first size is smaller than the second size.

5. A positioning and guiding device according to claim 3, characterized in that the drill bushing (4) is provided with a first drill bushing for drilling and a second drill bushing for reaming and arranged eccentrically with respect to the first drill bushing, such that the first drill bushing and the second drill bushing are placed inside the casing (3) in a non-coaxial arrangement.

6. Positioning guide according to claim 5, characterized in that, with the radial distance of the central axes of several first drill bushings relative to the central axis of the positioning plate (2) kept uniform, the central axis of the second drill bushing is arranged coaxially with the central axis of the positioning hole (6) such that the central axis of the positioning hole (6) is arranged eccentrically relative to the central axis of the first drill bushing.

7. Positioning guide according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the first drill bushing and the second drill bushing of the drill bushing (4) are detachably connected in a fitting manner,

wherein the first drill bushing is arranged close to the workpiece (5), and the second drill bushing is assembled and connected with one end of the first drill bushing far away from the workpiece (5).

8. A positioning guide according to claim 3, characterized in that the drill bushing (4) is fitted through the bushing (3) with the positioning hole (6) of the positioning plate (2),

the positioning holes (6) are provided with set screws (1), and the set screws (1) are used for realizing the assembly connection of the drill bushing (4) and the positioning plate (2) in a mode that the tail ends of the screws are pressed against the surface of the sleeve (3).

9. Positioning guide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the positioning plate (2) is provided with fool-proof markings for determining the assembly angle of the positioning plate (2) relative to the workpiece (5),

wherein, prevent slow-witted sign at least includes shape mark.

10. Positioning guide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the positioning plate (2) is provided with an intermediate through hole.