CN220172888U - Over-discharge protection circuit of lead-acid battery - Google Patents
Over-discharge protection circuit of lead-acid battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN220172888U CN220172888U CN202321473953.0U CN202321473953U CN220172888U CN 220172888 U CN220172888 U CN 220172888U CN 202321473953 U CN202321473953 U CN 202321473953U CN 220172888 U CN220172888 U CN 220172888U
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of lead-acid battery over-discharge protection, and discloses an over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery, which comprises a battery interface, a voltage detection unit, a first switch unit, a second switch unit, an output interface and a control unit; when the lead-acid battery is in actual use, the control unit can know the voltage condition of the lead-acid battery electrically connected with the battery interface through the analog voltage input by the voltage detection unit, and then the second switch unit can be conducted when the voltage of the lead-acid battery is too low, and then the conduction branch of the first switch unit is disconnected, so that the battery interface is disconnected from the output interface, the over-discharge condition of the lead-acid battery is avoided, and the over-discharge protection of the lead-acid battery is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of lead-acid battery overdischarge, in particular to an overdischarge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery.
Background
Batteries, a power supply device, are commonly used for external independent power supply, and can be classified into lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries according to the difference of dielectrics. For lithium batteries, a BMS protection system is often configured to detect and protect charge and discharge of the lithium batteries, so as to ensure normal use of the lithium batteries. However, the lead-acid battery lacks an over-discharge protection circuit, and in actual use, the lead-acid battery is discharged outwards until the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery is discharged. And if the lead-acid battery is in a emptying state for a long time, on one hand, the service life of the lead-acid battery can be greatly shortened, and on the other hand, when the lead-acid battery is charged, if the lead-acid battery charger cannot detect the lead-acid battery, the lead-acid battery cannot be charged, so that the lead-acid battery cannot be normally used.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the background technology, the utility model provides an over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing lead-acid battery lacks the over-discharge protection circuit and has the condition of electric quantity discharge.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: the over-discharge protection circuit of the lead-acid battery comprises a battery interface, a voltage detection unit, a first switch unit, a second switch unit, an output interface and a control unit, wherein the battery interface comprises a positive input interface and a negative input interface, and the output interface comprises a positive output interface and a negative output interface;
the first switch unit comprises a first input end, a first control end and a first output end, wherein the first input end is electrically connected with the positive input interface, and the first output end is electrically connected with the positive output interface;
the second switch unit comprises a second input end, a second control end and a second output end, the first control end is electrically connected with the second input end, the second output end is electrically connected with the negative input interface respectively, the control unit is electrically connected with the second control end and is used for inputting a control signal for controlling the on-off of the second switch unit to the second control end, and the first switch unit provides a conduction branch for conducting the positive input interface and the positive output interface when the second switch unit is turned off and disconnects the conduction branch when the second switch unit is turned on;
the voltage detection unit is electrically connected with the first input end, and is used for inputting an analog voltage signal to the control unit based on the voltage of the first input end, wherein the analog voltage signal is positively correlated with the voltage of the first input end.
In a certain implementation manner, the control unit comprises a singlechip U1 with a model PT60F011A, and a pin eight of the singlechip U1 is electrically connected with the negative input interface.
In some embodiments, the positive input interface is electrically connected to the first input terminal through a fuse F1.
In a certain embodiment, the utility model further comprises an anti-reflection diode D1, wherein the positive input interface is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the anti-reflection diode D1, and the positive electrode of the anti-reflection diode D1 is electrically connected with the negative input interface.
In an embodiment, the voltage detection unit includes a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, and a capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the first input end, the other end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R7, and one end of the resistor R4, the other ends of the capacitor C3 and the resistor R7 are electrically connected to the negative input interface, and the other end of the resistor R4 is electrically connected to the AD input pin of the control unit.
In an embodiment, the first switch unit includes a resistor R1, a zener diode ZD1, and a PMOS transistor Q1, where a source of the PMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1 and a negative electrode of the zener diode ZD1, and is the first input end, a gate of the PMOS transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R1 and a positive electrode of the zener diode ZD1, and is the first control end, and a drain of the PMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the positive output interface, and is the first output end.
In an embodiment, the second switch unit includes a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and a triode Q2, one end of the resistor R2 is the second input end, the other end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected with an emitter of the triode Q2, a base of the triode Q2 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is the second control end, and a collector of the triode Q2 is the second output end.
In a certain embodiment, the utility model further comprises a power supply unit electrically connected with the positive input interface for converting the voltage of the positive input interface into the power supply voltage of the control unit
In an embodiment, the power supply unit includes a first voltage stabilizing unit and a second voltage stabilizing unit, the first voltage stabilizing unit is electrically connected with the positive input interface and is configured to convert a voltage of the positive input interface into a 12V dc voltage, the second voltage stabilizing unit is configured to convert the 12V dc voltage into a 5V dc voltage, and the 5V dc voltage is input to the control unit to supply power.
In a certain embodiment, the first voltage stabilizing unit includes a first voltage stabilizing chip IC1, a capacitor EC1, and a capacitor C1, where an input end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1 is electrically connected to the positive input interface, an output end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor EC1 and one end of the capacitor C1, and a ground end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1, another end of the capacitor EC1, and another end of the capacitor C1 are electrically connected to the negative input interface;
the second voltage stabilizing unit comprises a second voltage stabilizing chip IC2, a capacitor EC2 and a capacitor C2, wherein the input end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2 is configured to input the 12V direct-current voltage, the output end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2 is respectively and electrically connected with one end of the capacitor EC2 and one end of the capacitor C2 and is configured to output the 5V direct-current voltage, and the grounding end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2, the other end of the capacitor EC2 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are respectively and electrically connected with the negative input interface.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: when the lead-acid battery is in actual use, the control unit can know the voltage condition of the lead-acid battery electrically connected with the battery interface through the analog voltage input by the voltage detection unit, and then the second switch unit can be conducted when the voltage of the lead-acid battery is too low, and then the conduction branch of the first switch unit is disconnected, so that the battery interface is disconnected from the output interface, the over-discharge condition of the lead-acid battery is avoided, and the over-discharge protection of the lead-acid battery is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present utility model in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of one implementation of the present utility model in an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power supply unit in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic representations which merely illustrate the basic structure of the utility model and therefore show only the structures which are relevant to the utility model.
As shown in fig. 1, an over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery comprises a battery interface 1, a voltage detection unit 4, a first switch unit 2, a second switch unit 5, an output interface 3, a control unit 6 and a power supply unit 7, wherein the battery interface 1 comprises a positive input interface vin+ and a negative input interface VIN-, and the output interface 3 comprises a positive output interface out+ and a negative output interface OUT-;
the first switch unit 2 comprises a first input end IN1, a first control end CON1 and a first output end OUT1, wherein the first input end IN1 is electrically connected with a positive input interface vin+ and the first output end OUT1 is electrically connected with a positive output interface out+;
the second switch unit 5 comprises a second input end IN2, a second control end CON2 and a second output end OUT2, the first control end CON1 is electrically connected with the second input end IN2, the second output end OUT2 is electrically connected with the negative input interface VIN-and the negative output interface OUT-respectively, the control unit 6 is electrically connected with the second control end CON2 and is used for inputting a control signal for controlling the on-off of the second switch unit 5 to the second control end CON2, the first switch unit 2 provides a conduction branch for conducting the positive input interface vin+ and the positive output interface out+ when the second switch unit 5 is turned off, and the conduction branch is disconnected when the second switch unit 5 is turned on;
the voltage detection unit 4 is electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1, and inputs an analog voltage signal to the control unit 6 based on the voltage of the first input terminal IN1, the analog voltage signal being positively correlated with the voltage of the first input terminal IN 1;
the power supply unit 7 is electrically connected to the positive input interface vin+ and is configured to convert a voltage of the positive input interface vin+ into a power supply voltage of the control unit 6.
During actual use, the control unit 6 can know the voltage condition of the lead-acid battery electrically connected with the battery interface 1 through the analog voltage input by the voltage detection unit 4, and then can conduct the second switch unit 5 when the voltage of the lead-acid battery is too low, and then disconnect the conducting branch of the first switch unit 2, so that the battery interface 1 is disconnected from the output interface 3, the over-discharge condition of the lead-acid battery is avoided, and the over-discharge protection of the lead-acid battery is realized.
In this embodiment, the control unit 6 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the input analog voltage, thereby knowing whether the lead-acid battery has been overdriven.
In the present embodiment, the power supply voltage of the control unit 6 is 5V.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the control unit 6 includes a single-chip microcomputer U1 with a model PT60F011A, a No. eight pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is electrically connected to the negative input interface VIN-, a No. seven pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is configured to receive the analog voltage sent by the voltage detection unit 4, and a No. four pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 inputs a control signal for controlling on/off of the second switch unit 5 to the second control end CON2, where when the control signal is at a high level, the second switch unit 5 is turned on, and when the control signal is at a low level, the second switch unit 5 is turned off.
In fig. 2, the first switch unit includes a resistor R1, a zener diode ZD1 and a PMOS transistor Q1, where a source of the PMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1 and a cathode of the zener diode ZD1, respectively, and is a first input end, a gate of the PMOS transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R1 and an anode of the zener diode ZD1, respectively, and is a first control end, and a drain of the PMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected to a positive output interface, and is a first output end.
In fig. 2, the second switch unit includes a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and a transistor Q2, one end of the resistor R2 is a second input end, the other end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to an emitter of the transistor Q2, a base of the transistor Q2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is a second control end, and a collector of the transistor Q2 is a second output end.
IN fig. 2, to realize the overcurrent protection, the positive input interface vin+ is electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1 through the fuse F1.
In fig. 2, to implement anti-reflection protection, the present utility model further includes an anti-reflection diode D1, wherein the positive input interface vin+ is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the anti-reflection diode D1, and the positive electrode of the anti-reflection diode D1 is electrically connected to the negative input interface VIN-.
IN fig. 2, the voltage detecting unit 4 includes a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, and a capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1, the other end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R7, and one end of the resistor R4, the other ends of the capacitor C3 and the resistor R7 are electrically connected to the negative input interface VIN, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R4 is electrically connected to the AD input pin, i.e., the seventh pin, of the control unit 6. In actual use, an analog voltage signal is input to the control unit 6 by the voltage division of the resistor R5, and the resistor R7.
Specifically, as shown IN fig. 3, the power supply unit 7 includes a first voltage stabilizing unit 70 and a second voltage stabilizing unit 71, where the first voltage stabilizing unit 70 is electrically connected to the first input terminal IN1 and configured to convert the voltage of the first input terminal IN1 into a 12V dc voltage, and the second voltage stabilizing unit 71 is configured to convert the 12V dc voltage into a 5V dc voltage, and the 5V dc voltage is input to the control unit 6 for power supply.
The first voltage stabilizing unit 70 includes a first voltage stabilizing chip IC1, a capacitor EC1, and a capacitor C1, where an input end VIN2 of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1 is electrically connected to the first input end IN1, an output end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor EC1 and one end of the capacitor C1, and a ground end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1, another end of the capacitor EC1, and another end of the capacitor C1 are electrically connected to the negative input interface VIN;
the second voltage stabilizing unit 71 includes a second voltage stabilizing chip IC2, a capacitor EC2 and a capacitor C2, where an input end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2 is electrically connected to one end of the capacitor EC2 and one end of the capacitor C2, and is configured to output a 5V dc voltage, and a ground end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2, another end of the capacitor EC2 and another end of the capacitor C2 are electrically connected to the negative input interface VIN.
In this embodiment, the model of the first voltage regulator chip IC1 is 78M12, and the model of the second voltage regulator chip IC2 is 78M05.
The present utility model has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and it is an object of the present utility model to provide a portable electronic device capable of performing various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical spirit of the present utility model. The technical scope of the present utility model is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (10)
1. The over-discharge protection circuit of the lead-acid battery is characterized by comprising a battery interface, a voltage detection unit, a first switch unit, a second switch unit, an output interface and a control unit, wherein the battery interface comprises a positive input interface and a negative input interface, and the output interface comprises a positive output interface and a negative output interface;
the first switch unit comprises a first input end, a first control end and a first output end, wherein the first input end is electrically connected with the positive input interface, and the first output end is electrically connected with the positive output interface;
the second switch unit comprises a second input end, a second control end and a second output end, the first control end is electrically connected with the second input end, the second output end is electrically connected with the negative input interface respectively, the control unit is electrically connected with the second control end and is used for inputting a control signal for controlling the on-off of the second switch unit to the second control end, and the first switch unit provides a conduction branch for conducting the positive input interface and the positive output interface when the second switch unit is turned off and disconnects the conduction branch when the second switch unit is turned on;
the voltage detection unit is electrically connected with the first input end, and is used for inputting an analog voltage signal to the control unit based on the voltage of the first input end, wherein the analog voltage signal is positively correlated with the voltage of the first input end.
2. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a single-chip microcomputer U1 with a model PT60F011A, and a pin eight of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is electrically connected with the negative input interface.
3. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead acid battery of claim 1 wherein the positive input interface is electrically connected to the first input terminal through a fuse F1.
4. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, further comprising an anti-reflection diode D1, wherein the positive input interface is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the anti-reflection diode D1, and wherein the positive electrode of the anti-reflection diode D1 is electrically connected to the negative input interface.
5. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the voltage detection unit comprises a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7 and a capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected with the first input end, the other end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is electrically connected with one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R7 and one end of the resistor R4 respectively, the other end of the capacitor C3 and the other end of the resistor R7 are electrically connected with the negative input interface respectively, and the other end of the resistor R4 is electrically connected with an AD input pin of the control unit.
6. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein the first switch unit comprises a resistor R1, a zener diode ZD1 and a PMOS transistor Q1, a source electrode of the PMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R1 and a cathode of the zener diode ZD1 respectively, the first input end is the gate electrode of the PMOS transistor is electrically connected with the other end of the resistor R1 and an anode of the zener diode ZD1 respectively, the first control end is the drain electrode of the PMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected with the positive output interface, and the first output end is the first output end.
7. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the second switch unit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a triode Q2, one end of the resistor R2 is the second input end, the other end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected with an emitter of the triode Q2, a base of the triode Q2 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is the second control end, and a collector of the triode Q2 is the second output end.
8. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 1, further comprising a power supply unit electrically connected to the positive input interface for converting the voltage of the positive input interface to a supply voltage of the control unit.
9. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 8, wherein the power supply unit comprises a first voltage stabilizing unit and a second voltage stabilizing unit, the first voltage stabilizing unit is electrically connected with the positive input interface and is configured to convert the voltage of the positive input interface into 12V direct-current voltage, the second voltage stabilizing unit is used for converting the 12V direct-current voltage into 5V direct-current voltage, and the 5V direct-current voltage is input to the control unit for power supply.
10. The over-discharge protection circuit of a lead-acid battery according to claim 9, wherein the first voltage stabilizing unit comprises a first voltage stabilizing chip IC1, a capacitor EC1 and a capacitor C1, an input end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1 is electrically connected with the positive input interface, an output end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1 is electrically connected with one end of the capacitor EC1 and one end of the capacitor C1 respectively, and a ground end of the first voltage stabilizing chip IC1, the other end of the capacitor EC1 and the other end of the capacitor C1 are electrically connected with the negative input interface respectively;
the second voltage stabilizing unit comprises a second voltage stabilizing chip IC2, a capacitor EC2 and a capacitor C2, wherein the input end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2 is configured to input the 12V direct-current voltage, the output end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2 is respectively and electrically connected with one end of the capacitor EC2 and one end of the capacitor C2 and is configured to output the 5V direct-current voltage, and the grounding end of the second voltage stabilizing chip IC2, the other end of the capacitor EC2 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are respectively and electrically connected with the negative input interface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321473953.0U CN220172888U (en) | 2023-06-09 | 2023-06-09 | Over-discharge protection circuit of lead-acid battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321473953.0U CN220172888U (en) | 2023-06-09 | 2023-06-09 | Over-discharge protection circuit of lead-acid battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220172888U true CN220172888U (en) | 2023-12-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321473953.0U Active CN220172888U (en) | 2023-06-09 | 2023-06-09 | Over-discharge protection circuit of lead-acid battery |
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| CN (1) | CN220172888U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-06-09 CN CN202321473953.0U patent/CN220172888U/en active Active
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