CN220154325U - Low temperature coefficient of heat conductivity measuring device - Google Patents
Low temperature coefficient of heat conductivity measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN220154325U CN220154325U CN202321654668.9U CN202321654668U CN220154325U CN 220154325 U CN220154325 U CN 220154325U CN 202321654668 U CN202321654668 U CN 202321654668U CN 220154325 U CN220154325 U CN 220154325U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of heat conductivity coefficient measurement, and provides a low-temperature heat conductivity coefficient measurement device which comprises an adiabatic container, wherein a constant-temperature cold source is contained in the adiabatic container; a calorimetric inner bottle, the interior of which is filled with calorimetric liquid; the heat insulation structure is prepared from a heat insulation material with a measured heat conductivity coefficient, is immersed in a constant temperature cold source and is coated outside the calorimetric inner bottle; the first temperature measuring element is immersed in the constant temperature cold source; a second temperature measuring element immersed in the calorimetric liquid; the top of the heat insulating container is provided with a hole which can be blocked, the hole is used for injecting a constant temperature cold source and loading other components, and the signal wires of the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are led out of the bottom of the heat insulating container through the heat insulating sleeve. A simple measuring device can be assembled through the heat insulating container with the orifice, the heat flow passing through the heat insulating structure is obtained rapidly by utilizing the constant temperature cold source, the calorimetric inner bottle, the calorimetric liquid, the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element, so that the heat conductivity coefficient is calculated, the heat insulating container is convenient to use on the engineering site, and the whole measuring cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of heat conductivity coefficient measurement, in particular to a low-temperature heat conductivity coefficient measurement device.
Background
The low-temperature heat conduction coefficient of the heat insulation material is directly related to the energy-saving effect of the low-temperature engineering after design, construction and operation. In the design calculation or simulation process, the thermal conductivity measurement value as real as possible must be used, so that the design result as close to the actual situation as possible can be obtained, and thus, the use of an excessively large and conservative correction coefficient (the correction coefficient is as high as 1.2-1.4 in the current specification GB 50264-2013) is avoided.
The conventional measuring method of the low-temperature heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulating material is much more complicated than the measuring method of the normal-temperature heat conductivity coefficient, such as a round tube method and a protective hot plate method, the measuring device needs multi-layer heat protection, the measured physical quantity is also quite indirect, the method is reasonable for a cryogenic region or extremely low heat conductivity efficiency (< 2 mW/(m.K)) which needs vacuum as a heat protection means, but the method is excessively complicated for a region with higher temperature (more than or equal to-70 ℃) in ordinary cooling (more than or equal to-40 ℃) or cryogenic.
The low-temperature heat conductivity coefficient measuring method most commonly adopted in practice mainly comprises the following steps:
1. evaporation method: the method uses the evaporation amount of the low-temperature refrigerant (usually liquid nitrogen) in the test chamber as a test method of heat passing through the wall surface constituting the heat insulating material, and has a problem that a perfect heat protection method cannot be found in practice, so that the heat flow corresponding to the evaporation amount has a heat component which is not from the heat flow passing through the object to be measured, resulting in an increase in measurement uncertainty;
2. hot plate protection method under low temperature conditions: this method is actually a low temperature version of the hot plate protection method, using refrigerator assistance to achieve a low temperature environment, which requires excessively good auxiliary insulation conditions at low temperature conditions, often considered to have a large inaccuracy.
Both of the above methods require particularly complex apparatus and stringent experimental conditions.
At present, for the heat insulating material used for cold insulation, on one hand, a curve or a function given in a specification recommendation is often directly used in engineering calculation, and an actual measurement value cannot be used. This is because the measurement of the low-temperature thermal conductivity coefficient of the heat insulating material often requires large and complex measurement equipment, resulting in abnormal high measurement cost and a measurement period far longer than the actual engineering needs. For large-scale heat preservation engineering, the foaming work of the cold preservation material is often required to be carried out on site, and hysteresis caused by the low-temperature heat conductivity coefficient obtained by sampling and detecting the product is often caused to deviate in engineering construction results.
On the other hand, the conventional rule in engineering is to directly neglect the measurement of the low-temperature heat conductivity coefficient, and the normal-temperature heat conductivity coefficient specification value is usually directly given to the cold-insulation heat-insulation material in the current specification, but the normal-temperature heat conductivity coefficient is greatly different from the actual service working condition, and the normal-temperature heat conductivity coefficient is possibly in accordance with the specification requirement due to the difference of the preparation method, but the actual engineering construction result is deviated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a low-temperature heat conductivity coefficient measuring device, which aims to solve the problems that the prior measuring equipment is large and complex, so that the measuring cost is abnormal, and the measuring period is far longer than the actual requirement of engineering.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:
a low temperature thermal conductivity measurement device, comprising:
the heat insulation container is internally provided with a constant temperature cold source;
a calorimetric inner bottle, the interior of which is filled with calorimetric liquid;
the heat insulation structure is prepared from a heat insulation material with a measured heat conductivity coefficient, is immersed in the constant temperature cold source and is coated outside the calorimetric inner bottle;
the first temperature measuring element is immersed in the constant temperature cold source; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
A second temperature measuring element immersed in the calorimetric liquid;
the top of the heat insulation container is provided with a hole which can be blocked, the hole is used for injecting the constant temperature cold source and loading other components, and the signal wires of the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are led out of the bottom of the heat insulation container through the heat insulation sleeve.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the aperture is fitted with a shadow plug with an exhaust elbow.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the insulated container is a dewar having a temperature sensing element socket.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thermostatic heat sink is a dry ice bath.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the calorimetric inner bottle is made of a good conductor of heat.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a metal ingot made of pure metal may replace the hot inner bottle and the calorimetric liquid.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the calorimetric liquid is water.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the insulating structure is a tubular structure having double sided hemispherical heads.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the first and second temperature measuring elements are thermocouples or thermal resistance sensors.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the insulating sleeve is an insulating wrap comprised of an insulating material or a dewar structure.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the heat-insulating container with the orifice can be assembled into a simple measuring device on site, and the constant-temperature cold source, the heat-measuring inner bottle, the heat-measuring liquid, the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are utilized to quickly obtain the heat flow passing through the heat-insulating structure, so that the heat conductivity coefficient is calculated, and the heat-insulating container is convenient to use on engineering site; the parts such as the calorimetric inner bottle, the calorimetric liquid and the like have high universality and low overall measurement cost, and the parts can be used for other purposes after the measurement is completed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be recognized by those of skill in the pertinent art, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present utility model. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present utility model, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the utility model. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the utility model.
Embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present utility model provides a low-temperature thermal conductivity measuring device, comprising:
a heat-insulating container 1, the inside of which is provided with a constant temperature cold source 2;
a calorimetric inner bottle 3, the interior of which is filled with a calorimetric liquid 4;
the heat insulation structure 5 is prepared from a heat insulation material with a measured heat conductivity coefficient, is immersed in the constant temperature cold source 2 and is coated outside the calorimetric inner bottle 3;
the first temperature measuring element 6 is immersed in the constant temperature cold source 2; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
A second temperature measuring element 7 immersed in the calorimetric liquid 4;
wherein, the top of the heat-insulating container 1 is provided with a hole 11 which can be blocked, and is used for injecting the constant temperature cold source 2 and loading other components, and the signal wires of the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are led out of the bottom of the heat-insulating container 1 through the heat-insulating sleeve 8 (namely, the signal wires are wrapped by the heat-insulating sleeve 8 to ensure the accuracy of temperature detection).
In particular, the insulating structure 5 is closed, its hollow interior has a structure similar to the external shape, so that the thickness of the insulating material reaches the interior at all points of the external surface is uniform. When the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulating material used for cold insulation needs to be measured in an engineering construction site, the heat insulating material is made into the heat insulating structure 5 and is wrapped outside the calorimetric inner bottle 3 filled with the calorimetric liquid 4, then the calorimetric inner bottle is filled into the heat insulating container 1 from the orifice 11, then the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are connected and injected into the constant-temperature cold source 2, the constant-temperature cold source 2 transfers the cold energy of the constant-temperature cold source to the calorimetric liquid 4 through the heat insulating structure 5, the temperature of the calorimetric liquid 4 changes (decreases), and the first temperature measuring element 6 and the second temperature measuring element 7 monitor the temperature of the constant-temperature cold source 2 and the temperature of the calorimetric liquid 4 respectively. The reduction in the internal energy can be easily calculated by using the reduction in the temperature of the hot liquid 4 to characterize the amount of heat passing through the insulating structure 5; the heat transfer power can be calculated by using the time and heat of the temperature decrease of the thermal liquid 4; the thermal transfer equation is established using the geometry of the insulating structure 5 for solving the thermal conductivity of the insulating structure 5 under low temperature conditions. That is, a simple measuring device can be assembled on site through the heat insulation container 1 with the orifice 11, and the constant temperature cold source 2, the calorimetric inner bottle 3, the calorimetric liquid 4, the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are utilized to quickly obtain the heat flow passing through the heat insulation structure 5, so that the heat conductivity coefficient is calculated, and the heat insulation container is convenient to use on engineering site; the parts such as the calorimetric inner bottle 3, the calorimetric liquid 4 and the like have high universality and low overall measurement cost, and the parts can be used for other purposes after the measurement is completed.
To avoid that the radiation heat transfer has an influence on the measurement result, the orifice 11 is fitted with a shadow plug 9 with an exhaust elbow 91. After the measuring device is assembled on site, the shading plug 9 can block the orifice 11 to block external light, so that the influence of radiation heat transfer on a measuring result is effectively avoided.
In this embodiment, the insulating container 1 has a temperature measuring element socket, in particular a Dewar, which acts to reduce the heat transfer from the external environment to the inside. The Dewar as the outermost layer is only one of the most commonly used heat insulating means, and any container with heat insulating capability can be used, so that the container made of any heat insulating material, structure, appearance or Dewar structure does not change the essence of the patent.
In this embodiment, the thermostatic heat sink 2 is a dry ice bath. Dry ice baths are inexpensive and efficient means of achieving a stable low temperature environment in a laboratory, and several continuous stable low temperature environments can be achieved after mixing dry ice with different organic solvents. A typical dry ice bath system is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Dry Ice bath System and control temperature
The use of a dry ice bath to obtain a low temperature environment is not the only means, and virtually any refrigeration means that can provide a soak environment or a constant temperature environment can be substituted for the dry ice bath.
The inner heat measuring bottle 3 is made of a good heat conductor (such as steel, copper, aluminum and the like which are metal materials commonly used in common engineering), and is provided with a hole into which the heat measuring liquid 4 can be injected and a second temperature measuring element 7 can be inserted, wherein the hole into which the second temperature measuring element 7 is inserted is positioned at the bottom of the inner heat measuring bottle 3, so that the second temperature measuring element 7 is submerged in the heat measuring liquid 4. The calorimetric inner bottle 3 is filled with a calorimetric liquid 4 with a determined volume (or mass), and the internal energy change before and after the temperature change of the calorimetric inner bottle 3 is as follows:
… … (1)
Wherein:
: an internal energy variation (J);
: the mass (kg) of the metal of the finished calorimetric inner bottle;
: the mass (kg) of the calorimetric liquid contained in the calorimetric inner bottle;
: the specific heat capacity-temperature function (J/(kg.K) -K) of the metal material of the calorimetric inner bottle;
: a specific heat capacity-temperature function (J/(kg.K) -K) of the calorimetric liquid in the calorimetric inner bottle;
: an initial temperature (K) of the calorimetric liquid;
: end temperature (K) of the calorimetric liquid.
The matching of the calorimetric inner bottle 3 filled with the calorimetric liquid 4 with the second temperature measuring element 7 is actually an economic optimization method for measuring the internal energy change, a metal ingot which is made of pure metal (such as copper, silver and aluminum) with high enough heat conductivity is used for replacing the calorimetric inner bottle 3 and the calorimetric liquid 4 and can be used for determining the quality, the metal ingot has no inner cavity, after a certain initial temperature is provided, the internal energy can be accurately measured, namely, the internal energy change rate of the metal ingot is obtained by determining the temperature change rate of the metal ingot, the heat flow through the heat insulation structure 5 is further determined, and the heating process can be realized by an induction heating mode.
In the present embodiment, the calorimetric liquid 4 is a liquid having a determined specific heat capacity-temperature relationship, such as water. When water is used as the calorimetric liquid 4, the internal temperature of the calorimetric inner bottle 3 can reach 95 ℃, and when other suitable liquids are used, the internal temperature can reach more than 200 ℃; the external constant temperature cold source 2 can obtain-78 ℃ when dry ice bath is adopted, and can obtain-196 ℃ when liquid nitrogen is adopted, so as to meet the measurement requirement of low heat conductivity coefficient or low heat flow under the condition of large engineering temperature difference.
The insulating structure 5 is a tubular structure with double sided hemispherical heads. The geometry of the insulation structure 5 is equivalent to a round tube and a spherical shell, whereby the thermal flow equation of the insulation structure can be written as shown in the following formula (2):
… … (2)
Wherein:
Φ: heat flow (W);
lambda: thermal conductivity (W/(mK)) of the heat insulating structure;
t 1 : the temperature (K) of the internal calorimetric liquid;
t 2 : the temperature (K) of an external constant-temperature cold source;
r 1 : the inner radius (m) of a round tube or shell;
r 2 : the outer radius (m) of the round tube or the spherical shell;
l: length (m) of the round tube.
In this embodiment, the first and second temperature measuring elements may be thermocouples or thermal resistance sensors, and the heat insulating sleeve 8 is a heat insulating coating layer, and the heat insulating coating layer may be made of a heat insulating material or a dewar structure.
The use of a thermocouple or a thermal resistance sensor as a temperature measuring element is not the only form, the lead wire and the thermocouple or the thermal resistance in the heat insulation sleeve 8 for wrapping the lead wire of the temperature measuring element are eliminated, the vacuum is pumped or not pumped from the inner cavity of the heat measurement inner bottle 3 through the heat insulation sleeve 8, and the temperature value of the heat measurement inner bottle 3 can be obtained through measuring the infrared radiation of the heat measurement inner bottle 3.
The specific measurement and thermal conductivity calculation process is as follows:
1) Measurement data
After the device is assembled, the measured value of the first temperature measuring element 6 in the external refrigerant constant temperature cold source 2 is stabilized after the device is stabilized for a period of time, and the measured value is taken as a measuring origin when the temperature-time curve in the calorimetric inner bottle 3 is basically in a straight line. The measurement is continued for a period of time, causing the temperature of the calorimetric liquid 4 inside the calorimetric inner bottle 3 to drop by a small value.
Recording the temperature t of an external constant temperature cold source 2 2 (K) Measuring time τ(s), initial temperature of calorimetric liquid 4(K) And end temperature->（K）。
2) Numerical solution algorithm
The simultaneous formula (1) and the formula (2) establish an equation as follows (3):
… … (3)
Wherein:
the thermal conductivity lambda of the insulating structure 5 can be calculated.
3) Finite element analysis
The heat flow Φ is also solved by equation (3) in 2), a hollow geometry of geometric dimensions is established with the actual insulation structure 5 using conventional finite element analysis software, the external temperature condition of the geometry is set as the external temperature boundary t in the measured value 2 The internal temperature condition of the geometric body is set as t measured in actual measurement 1 And adjusting a set value of the thermal conductivity coefficient lambda to enable the thermal flow obtained by resolving in the finite element analysis to approach the actual measurement flow, so as to obtain the actual measurement thermal conductivity coefficient lambda. The form of the insulating structure 5 is in fact a simplified structure which facilitates manual resolution, and for the use of finite element analysis methods, the geometry can be of various shapes, but must be internally provided with a cavity to accommodate the calorimetric inner bottle 3.
The finite element analysis method can also model and calculate the heat leaked through the temperature measuring element, so as to obtain a more accurate value of the heat conductivity coefficient.
When a numerical solution algorithm is utilized, the measuring device obtains that the measurement accuracy of the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation structure 5 is within 0% -5%; when the finite element analysis method is utilized, the measurement device obtains the measurement accuracy of the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation structure 5 within 0% -1%. I.e. both methods have a high measurement accuracy.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not limiting to the technical solutions of the present utility model, and any technical solution that can be implemented on the basis of the above embodiments without inventive effort should be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the patent claims of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A low temperature thermal conductivity measuring device, comprising:
the heat insulation container is internally provided with a constant temperature cold source;
a calorimetric inner bottle, the interior of which is filled with calorimetric liquid;
the heat insulation structure is prepared from a heat insulation material with a measured heat conductivity coefficient, is immersed in the constant temperature cold source and is coated outside the calorimetric inner bottle;
the first temperature measuring element is immersed in the constant temperature cold source; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
A second temperature measuring element immersed in the calorimetric liquid;
the top of the heat insulation container is provided with a hole which can be blocked, the hole is used for injecting the constant temperature cold source and loading other components, and the signal wires of the first temperature measuring element and the second temperature measuring element are led out of the bottom of the heat insulation container through the heat insulation sleeve.
2. The low temperature thermal conductivity measurement device of claim 1, wherein said orifice is fitted with a shadow plug with an exhaust elbow.
3. The low temperature thermal conductivity measurement device of claim 1, wherein said thermally insulated container is a dewar having a temperature measuring element socket.
4. A low temperature thermal conductivity measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the constant temperature cold source is a dry ice bath.
5. The low temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity measurement device according to claim 4, wherein said calorimetric inner flask is made of a good conductor of heat.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein a metal ingot made of pure metal is used to replace the hot inner bottle and the calorimetric liquid.
7. The low temperature thermal conductivity measuring device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the calorimetric liquid is water.
8. The low temperature thermal conductivity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein said heat insulating structure is a tubular structure having a double sided hemispherical head.
9. The low temperature thermal conductivity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second temperature measuring elements are thermocouples or thermal resistance sensors.
10. The low temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating jacket is a heat insulating wrapping layer composed of a heat insulating material or a dewar structure.
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| CN202321654668.9U CN220154325U (en) | 2023-06-28 | 2023-06-28 | Low temperature coefficient of heat conductivity measuring device |
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