CN220127882U - Glass body and light spot adjustable compound laser welding system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a glass body and a compound laser welding system with adjustable light spots, wherein the glass body is of a polyhedral structure and comprises at least one input end face and one output end face, a plurality of output optical fibers connected with a laser are butted on the input end face, the welding system adopts an all-optical fiber structure, light with different wavelengths and different energy densities is subjected to light spot compounding through the glass body, deep fusion welding is realized based on the compound light spots, welding defects can be reduced on the premise of improving laser welding efficiency, weld joint forming is improved, and welding stress and deformation are reduced.

Description

Glass body and light spot adjustable compound laser welding system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a glass body and light spot adjustable compound laser welding system.

Background

Laser deep-melt welding, or so-called deep penetration welding. It is common to weld thicker materials at high laser power. The deep-melting welding laser needs higher laser spot power density, the focused part of the laser beam can gasify metal, a blind hole (namely a deep-melting hole) appears in a metal molten pool, the pressure of metal vapor can block surrounding molten metal, the blind hole is always in an opening state in the welding process, the laser power is mainly absorbed by the melt at the boundary of vapor and melt and the deep-melting hole wall, the focused laser beam and the deep-melting hole continuously move along a welding track, and welding materials are melted in front of the deep-melting hole and are re-solidified at the back to form a welding seam.

The absorptivity of the metal material to the laser is related to the temperature of the metal, and once pinholes appear, the absorptivity of the material to the laser will be abrupt, and the absorptivity is hardly related to the laser wavelength, the metal characteristics and the surface state of the material. Therefore, in general laser deep-melting welding, the laser power density needs to reach the energy requirement of small hole formation, so that the advantages of laser welding can be fully exerted.

However, the diameter of the small holes formed on the metal by the high-energy laser is smaller, the energy density is high, on one hand, the small holes can generate periodic instability, and the welding process can generate molten metal splashes; on the other hand, the welding seam is heated and cooled too fast, and tiny bubbles are easy to generate in the welding seam. In the prior art, laser and semiconductor double beams are commonly applied to metal materials for welding, the semiconductor light spot is low in energy density and large in light spot area, and the laser and semiconductor double beams can be applied to the metal materials for preheating and annealing, so that the problems of splashing, weld defects and the like in the laser welding process are reduced.

However, in the welding process, the requirements of different materials on the energy distribution of the light spot are different, only the highest energy density point is positioned at a proper position in the surface of the workpiece, the obtained welding seam can form a parallel section and obtain the maximum penetration, the energy distribution of the light spot is changed by adjusting the output power of a laser, the energy distribution is limited, and the requirement in the actual processing process cannot be completely met, so that a laser welding system capable of flexibly controlling the energy distribution of the light spot needs to be designed.

Disclosure of Invention

The present utility model has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present utility model is to provide a laser hybrid welding system capable of controlling the energy distribution of a light spot, which generates the type of the light spot with different energy distribution by flexibly changing the position of the output light of a laser, so as to adapt to different welding application requirements.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the glass body is used for a compound laser welding system with adjustable light spots, is of a polyhedral structure and comprises at least one input end face and one output end face, and a plurality of output optical fibers connected with a laser are connected to the input end face in a butt joint mode.

In some embodiments, the interface locations of the output fibers and the glass body may be arranged and combined in a predetermined order and shape according to a desired spot energy distribution.

In some embodiments, the output optical fiber is an input end face that is directly fusion-affixed to the glass body. In some embodiments, the output optical fiber is optically coupled to the glass body by an optical fiber connector.

In some embodiments, the output optical fiber is spatially coupled to the glass body.

In some embodiments, the input end face is provided with at least one optical fiber coupling connection end position which is concave inwards or convex outwards.

In some embodiments, the glass body may be movable as desired to change the position at which the output optical fiber is docked to the input end face of the glass body.

In some embodiments, the input end face and the output end face are planar or curved, the input end face being perpendicular to the central optical axis or at a predetermined oblique angle to the central optical axis, the output end face being perpendicular to the central optical axis.

In some embodiments, when the input end faces of the glass body are multiple, the input end faces are parallel or non-parallel.

The utility model also provides a compound laser welding system with adjustable light spots, which adopts the glass body.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model provides a glass body and use compound laser welding system of this glass body adopts full optic fibre structure, with the laser complex output of multiple different wavelength, different energy density, simultaneously through nimble change laser incident position on the glass body, come the energy distribution of control output facula to the preheating of welding material and annealing time are strictly controlled, accomplish accurate welding, in order to adapt to different welding application demands.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a laser welding system with controllable spot energy distribution provided by the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser-semiconductor hybrid laser welding system capable of controlling the energy distribution of light spots according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing connection between an output end of an output optical fiber and a glass body in a hybrid laser welding system capable of controlling light spot energy distribution according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the output end of the output fiber and the glass body in another compound laser welding system capable of controlling the energy distribution of the light spot according to the embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between an output end of an output optical fiber and an end face of a glass body according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between an output end of another output optical fiber and an end face of a glass body according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid laser welding system employing an optical fiber connector according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a glass body with a connectorized pigtail in the schematic diagram of a hybrid laser welding system employing fiber optic connectors provided in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid laser welding system using spatial coupling according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a glass body with a connecting pigtail in the schematic diagram of the structure of the composite laser welding system using the space coupling method provided in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a high power hybrid laser welding system for precision welding of all-fiber constructions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a composite spot generated by the composite laser welding system of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is an energy distribution plot of a composite spot generated by the composite laser welding system of FIG. 11;

fig. 14 is a flow chart of a method of hybrid laser welding with controllable spot energy distribution.

Detailed Description

The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present utility model described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure for realizing an adjustable light spot in an embodiment of the present utility model. The optical path structure 10 includes at least one first laser 11, at least one second laser 12, at least one first output optical fiber 13 connected to the first laser 11, at least one second output optical fiber 14 connected to the second laser 12, and a glass body 15. The first laser 11 outputs a first laser through a first output optical fiber 13, the second laser 12 outputs a second laser through a second output optical fiber 14, and the first laser and the second laser are incident on a glass body 15 and then form a composite laser spot through beam expansion. The energy distribution of the composite spot may be adjusted by changing the location at which the first and second lasers are incident on the glass body.

The glass body is usually manufactured by turning a quartz body using a carbon dioxide laser or diamond, and is fixed to an end of an output optical fiber for transmitting a light beam by fusion. In the embodiment of the utility model, the shape of the output light spot is changed by adjusting the butt joint position of the first output optical fiber and the second output optical fiber on the glass body, so that the energy distribution of the composite light spot is flexibly controlled.

The first laser and the second laser can be the same wavelength laser with different powers or different wavelengths; the first output optical fiber and the second output optical fiber for transmitting the first laser and the second laser can be directly welded and fixed on the glass body, or can be connected with the glass body through an intermediate piece to realize optical path connection, and can also be connected with the glass body through a space coupling mode to realize optical path connection.

Embodiment one:

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser-semiconductor hybrid laser welding system according to an embodiment of the present utility model. The composite laser welding system 100 comprises a fiber laser oscillator 111, a fiber laser amplifier 112, a plurality of semiconductor lasers 121, a first output optical fiber 130, a plurality of second output optical fibers 140, a beam combiner 122, a glass body 150, a collimation system 160 and a focusing system 170; wherein:

the fiber laser oscillator 111 uses doped fiber as gain medium for generating seed light with wavelength range of 1000-1600 nm, and the fiber laser oscillator 111 is connected with the fiber amplifier 112;

the optical fiber amplifier 112, which uses a doped optical fiber as a gain medium, is used for further amplifying the seed light generated by the optical fiber oscillator 111 to generate a first laser, and the optical fiber amplifier 112 is connected to the glass body 150 through the first output optical fiber 130;

the semiconductor laser 131 is configured to generate semiconductor laser light with a wavelength range of 350-1000 nm, the semiconductor laser light emitted by the semiconductor laser 131 is coupled by the beam combiner 131 as second laser light, and then enters the second output optical fiber 140, the second output optical fiber 140 is connected with the glass body 150, the output ends of the first output optical fiber 130 and the second output optical fiber 140 can be arranged and combined according to a required light spot energy distribution in a predetermined shape and sequence, and the first laser light input through the first output optical fiber 130 and the second laser light input through the second output optical fiber 140 output a composite light spot with a predetermined shape through the glass body 150;

the collimating system 160 is configured to collimate the output light of the glass body 150;

the focusing system 170 is configured to focus the output light of the glass body 150 and irradiate the output light spot to a welding area of a workpiece to be processed.

The number of the input optical fibers of the beam combiner 131 ranges from 1 to 40, the optical fibers connecting the semiconductor laser 131 and the beam combiner 131 are common double-clad optical fibers, the diameter of a fiber core ranges from 10 um to 400um, and the diameter of a fiber cladding ranges from 80 um to 1000 um; the number of the beam combiners 131 may be one or more, through beam combination, the output power of the semiconductor laser may be between 10w and 1000w, according to the output parameters of the combined beam, the core diameter of the second output optical fiber 140 for transmitting the combined beam is in the range of 10-1000 um, and the cladding diameter is in the range of 80-1500 um for adapting.

Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic views of the connection between the output ends of the first output optical fiber 130 and the second output optical fiber 140 and the glass body in the embodiment of the present utility model. The glass body 150 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and includes an input end surface 1501 and an output end surface 1502 opposite to the input end surface 1501, the output ends of the first output optical fiber 130 and the second output optical fiber 140 are welded and fixed on the input end surface 1501 of the glass body 150, and the output end surface 1502 of the glass body 150 is aligned with the collimation system 160, so as to inject the composite light spot into the collimation system 18.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the fusion-bonding is performed by end-to-end connection. The output ends of the first output optical fiber 130 and the second output optical fiber 140 are arranged in a row as shown in fig. 3, and after the optical fiber coating layer is removed, the end faces of the output optical fibers are aligned to form a one-dimensional optical fiber array; or as shown in fig. 4, the output ends of the first output optical fiber 130 and the second output optical fiber 140 are orderly arranged in two rows, so as to form a two-dimensional optical fiber matrix, and the aligned light is ensuredThe front-back error of the fiber end surface is not more than 3um, the fiber array and the glass body 150 are in fusion connection through a CO2 laser, and CO ₂ In the welding process, the laser can shape the output light spots according to the shape of the optical fiber array.

The order in which the first output fibers 130 for transmitting the first laser light are located in the fiber array determines the position of the center spot with the highest energy in the composite spot.

It can be appreciated that in the embodiment of the present utility model, when the number of output optical fibers connected by the laser is greater than three, the arrangement and combination of the output ends of the optical fibers are not limited to the above manner, and the optical fibers may be arranged into three, four or more layers, and the number of optical fibers in each layer may be the same or different, so that the spot types with various output spot shapes and spot energy distributions may be configured. Specifically, the shape of the output fiber output end arrangement will be set according to the shape of the output light spot required in the welding process.

In still other embodiments of the present utility model, the output optical fiber and the glass body may be connected by fusion-bonding the optical fiber to a predetermined fusion-bonding end position provided on the glass body, in addition to the end-face butt joint in the above embodiments.

Fig. 5 and 6 show schematic views of fusion splicing of an output optical fiber with a predetermined fiber fusion end position provided on the surface of a glass body. As shown in fig. 5, the input end surface 1501 of the glass body 150 is provided with concave holes 1504 which are concave inwards, and the number, shape and arrangement positions of the concave holes are adapted to the number, shape and light spot shape of the output optical fibers to be output.

Fig. 6 shows a fiber fusion end protruding from the surface of the glass body, with a protruding fusion end 1506 extending outwardly from the input end face 1501 of the glass body 150. After the optical fiber head end surface of the stripped coating layer is connected to the raised melting end position 1506, the optical fiber head and the glass body are welded by using welding equipment, and the welding mode is convenient to process, so that the automatic operation of welding the optical fiber and the glass body can be realized.

In some embodiments of the present utility model, besides performing fusion connection by using a special optical fiber fusion device in the above embodiments, the output optical fiber end face may be adhered to the surface of the glass body by using glue, or the optical fiber combination may be fixedly installed on the surface of the glass body by using a mechanical connection manner such as sleeve connection, welding connection, or the like, which is not enumerated herein.

In the actual processing, the shape and volume of the glass body specifically need to comprehensively consider the number and the total diameter of the output optical fibers and the quality of the output light beam of the laser welding system for reasonable optimization. The area of the incident surface of the glass body is far larger than the total end surface area of the connected output optical fiber combination, so that the input light spot is ensured not to leak light in the glass body.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the glass body is of a polyhedral quartz structure, wherein the cross section of the glass body can be circular, symmetrical polygonal or asymmetrical polygonal. The input end face of the glass body is a plane, an inclined plane or a curved plane, one input end face or a plurality of input end faces can be provided, and the input end faces can be parallel to each other or keep a preset inclination angle. The output end face of the glass body is vertical to the central optical axis, but the plane can also be a curved surface with special curvature; the input end face and the output end face of the glass body can be plated with antireflection films, and other surfaces are plated with reflecting films, so that when the laser beam is reflected in the glass body for multiple times, the laser spot can be effectively shaped and compressed.

Embodiment two:

in the first embodiment of the utility model, the output optical fiber is fixedly welded on the glass body, so that the output ends of the first output optical fiber and the second output optical fiber can be plugged and replaced through the intermediate piece, thereby flexibly adjusting the shape of the composite light spot.

As shown in fig. 5, a second embodiment of the present utility model provides a laser-semiconductor hybrid laser welding system including an intermediate member, wherein the first and second output optical fibers are replaced by a pluggable connection with the glass body 150' through the optical fiber connector 180.

Unlike the glass body of the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, the input end surface 1501 of the glass body 150 'is already provided with a plurality of connection pigtails 155' arranged in a predetermined shape, and when a light beam is incident through the connection pigtails 155 ', the glass body 150' can output a light spot having a predetermined shape.

The input end 1801 and the output end 1802 of the optical fiber connector 180 are respectively provided with a plurality of input ports and output ports (not shown), the input ports are used for inserting a first output optical fiber and a second output optical fiber 140, the output ports are used for inserting a plurality of tail optical fibers 155 'from the glass body 150', the number and optical fiber parameters of the tail optical fibers 155 'are adapted to the first output optical fiber 130 and the second output optical fiber 140 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the input ports 1801 and the output ports are positioned on the same optical path for providing optical path butt joint of the first output optical fiber 130, the second output optical fiber 140 and the tail optical fiber of the glass body 150'.

In the processing process, when the shape of the output light spot needs to be changed, the communication of the output light path can be realized only by selecting the adaptive glass body 150 ' corresponding to the tail fiber and capable of generating the incident position of the preset light spot and connecting the tail fiber 155 ' of the glass body 150 ' into the corresponding output port 182. According to the embodiment of the utility model, the glass body is replaced in a plug-in mode, so that the output energy distribution of the composite light spots can be flexibly controlled, and the implementation of precise welding is ensured.

As a variation of the above design, in some embodiments, the glass body 150 'is provided with a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged pigtails 155' as shown in FIG. 6. When the shape of the output light spot needs to be changed, the light spot with the preset shape can be output only by selecting the corresponding incident position capable of generating the preset light spot to extend out of the connecting tail fiber 155 'and connecting the connecting tail fiber 155' into the output port of the optical fiber connector 180. The output of the light spot with the preset shape can be realized by only pulling out the connecting tail fiber of the original glass body on the optical fiber connector and selecting a new tail fiber matched with the incidence position of the glass body for reinsertion without changing the glass body.

Embodiment III:

in a further embodiment of the present utility model, the first and second output fibers are aligned with the input end surface of the glass body 150, and the first and second lasers are directly injected into the glass body by using a spatial coupling mode without welding, so that the fiber welding point in the laser can bring nonlinear effects to laser transmission, referring to fig. 9 and 10.

Wherein the glass body 150 is completely held by a mechanical adjustment device (not shown), and the glass body 150 can be tilted, rotated or moved up and down and left and right around the central optical axis by operating the mechanical adjustment device, so that the relative position between the input end surface 1501 of the glass body 150 and the central optical axis is adjusted on line to change the incidence positions of the first laser light and the second laser light on the glass body 150.

Embodiment four:

in order to better illustrate the application of the embodiment of the utility model in precision machining, a fourth embodiment provides a high-power composite laser deep-melting welding system of an all-fiber structure for precision welding. Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the hybrid welding system 200 includes an oscillation module 201, an amplifying module 202, a semiconductor laser module 203 and a CLENS glass lens 210, where a single-mode seed laser with a level of hundreds of watts generated by the oscillation module is amplified by 3-6 times of the amplifying stage to obtain a single-fiber laser output with a level of kilowatts or higher, and the single-fiber laser output and the semiconductor laser generated by the semiconductor laser module are collimated and focused by the CLENS glass lens 210, and then an eccentric light spot 300 is output.

The oscillation module 201 generates optical fiber laser with a center wavelength of 1080nm, the fiber core diameter of the gain optical fiber in the oscillation module 201 is 14um, the cladding diameter is 250um, the NA value of the fiber core is 0.065, the passive output optical fiber 204 is connected with the amplification module, the fiber core diameter of the output optical fiber is 20um, the cladding diameter is 250um, and the NA value of the fiber core is 0.065; connected to the semiconductor laser module 203 is a passive output optical fiber 205 having a core diameter of 135um, a cladding diameter of 155um and an NA value of 0.22, which outputs semiconductor laser light having a center wavelength of 915nm from the semiconductor laser module 203; the length of the CLENS glass lens 220 is 13.8mm; the input end face of the CLENS glass lens is welded to the end face of the optical fiber array of the output optical fibers 201, 202.

Referring to fig. 3 in combination with the one-dimensional optical fiber array structure, the first output optical fiber 130 is located at a first position of the optical fiber array 201, the second output optical fiber 140 is located at a second position of the optical fiber array 201, and the corresponding generated laser spot 301 is located at an eccentric position of the inner edge of one side of the semiconductor spot 302. During precision welding, the laser light spot outputting high energy is positioned at the eccentric position of the semiconductor light spot, and the influence of high energy radiation on the semiconductor light spot is minimized, so that the preheating and annealing time proportion of the semiconductor light spot to the welding material can be precisely controlled.

Fig. 13 is an energy distribution diagram of an eccentric composite spot 300 output by the composite laser welding system 200 described above. The small circle with higher center brightness is a center light spot of the fiber laser after being collimated by the output fiber 204, the large circle with lighter color and lower brightness is an outer circle light spot of the semiconductor laser after being collimated by the output fiber 205, wherein the center optical axis of the output fiber 204 welded on the glass lens 220 deviates from the center optical axis of the output fiber 205 by 0.4mm relatively, after the output light spot is collimated by the shaping and collimating lens combination 221 of the CLENS glass lens 220 and focused by the focusing lens 222, the outer circle light spot deviates from the center of the center light spot by lmm, and compared with the concentric light spot, the eccentric light spot has better processing effect on asymmetric welding seams and large welding seams.

Referring to fig. 14, the embodiment of the utility model further provides a composite laser welding method capable of controlling the energy distribution of a light spot, which comprises the following steps:

s101: generating at least one first laser;

s102: generating at least one second laser;

s103: providing a glass body, wherein the first laser and the second laser are expanded in the glass body to form a composite light spot;

s104: changing the position of the first laser and the second laser entering the glass body, and adjusting the energy distribution of the composite light spot;

s105: and the composite light spot irradiates the area to be welded after being collimated and focused.

The specific implementation manner of step S103 is as follows; after the first laser and the second laser are respectively emitted into at least one input end face of the glass body from preset positions at preset angles, the first laser and the second laser are expanded in the glass body to form a composite light spot with preset shapes, and the composite light spot is emitted from the output end face of the glass body.

Step S104 further includes step S1041: an optical fiber array with a preset shape is provided, wherein the optical fiber array is arranged by output optical fibers for transmitting the first laser light or the second laser light, and the optical fiber array is welded and fixed on the input end face of the glass body. The positions of the first laser and the second laser entering the glass body are arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array.

Alternatively, step S104 further includes step S1041: providing an optical fiber connector for realizing the connection of an output optical fiber for transmitting the first laser and the second laser with a passage of the glass body tail optical fiber;

and replacing the matched glass body or the matched glass body connecting tail fiber to realize the adjustment of the position of the first laser and the second laser incident on the glass body.

Alternatively, step S104 further includes step S1041: aligning the first output optical fiber and the second output optical fiber to an input end face of the glass body to achieve spatial coupling;

and adjusting the relative position between the input end face of the glass body and the central optical axis so as to change the incidence position of the first laser and the second laser on the glass body.

The glass body used in the laser welding system capable of controlling the light spot energy distribution provided by the embodiment of the utility model can enable the optical fiber output ends supporting the laser output of different wavelengths to be incident into the glass body in different arrangement sequences, arrangement shapes and angles according to the welding requirements so as to adjust the positions of light spots with different powers in the composite light spots and realize the replacement of the output light spots at any time, thereby flexibly controlling the energy distribution of the light spots. According to the system and the method for welding the controllable facula energy distribution composite laser, disclosed by the embodiment of the utility model, the light with different wavelengths and different energy densities such as the optical fiber laser, the semiconductor laser and the like are subjected to facula recombination, the energy distribution of the composite facula can be precisely controlled, and based on the system and the method for welding the composite facula, welding defects can be reduced, welding seam formation can be improved, and welding stress and deformation can be reduced on the premise of improving the laser welding efficiency in the laser deep-penetration welding process.

It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The glass body is used for a compound laser welding system with adjustable light spots and is characterized by being of a polyhedron structure and comprising at least one input end face and one output end face, wherein a plurality of output optical fibers connected with a laser are butted on the input end face.

2. The glass body of claim 1, wherein the interface locations of the output fibers and the glass body are arranged and combined in a predetermined order and shape.

3. The glass body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output optical fiber is directly fusion-fixed to the input end face of the glass body.

4. The glass body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output optical fiber is optically connected to the glass body by an optical fiber connector.

5. The glass body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output optical fiber is spatially coupled to the glass body.

6. A glass body according to claim 3, wherein the input end face is provided with an inwardly concave or outwardly convex fiber coupling connection end position.

7. The glass body of claim 5, wherein the glass body is movable as necessary to change the position at which the output optical fiber is butted against the input end face of the glass body.

8. The glass body according to claim 1, wherein the input end face and the output end face are planar or curved, the input end face being perpendicular to the central optical axis or being at a predetermined inclination angle to the central optical axis, the output end face being perpendicular to the central optical axis.

9. The glass body according to claim 1 or 8, wherein when there are a plurality of input end surfaces of the glass body, the input end surfaces are parallel or non-parallel.

10. A spot-adjustable composite laser welding system employing a glass body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.