CN219979017U - Cardiac Afterload Hemodynamic Simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heart afterload hemodynamic simulator, which comprises a shell similar to the body shape of the upper half of a human body, wherein the shell is connected with a power supply through a connecting wire; the multifunctional hemodynamic dynamic change simulator is characterized in that a heart module, a lung circulation module and a power pump module are arranged in a shell, the heart module, the power pump module and the lung circulation module are connected through the circulation module, and the multifunctional hemodynamic dynamic change simulator has the functions of simulating heart structures, peripheral circulation, circulation resistance, lung circulation and blood viscosity, and has the function of assisting an instrument to measure various numerical changes.

Description

Cardiac Afterload Hemodynamic Simulator

Technical field

The utility model belongs to a dynamic auxiliary device in the medical field, and specifically relates to a cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator. It is mainly used for cardiac structure simulation, peripheral circulation simulation, circulatory resistance simulation, pulmonary circulation simulation, and blood viscosity simulation. It is also suitable for In the theoretical teaching and clinical practice application of cardiac hemodynamics.

Background technique

The heart is an important organ of the human body. It mainly plays the role of transporting blood to the whole body. The purpose of its contraction and relaxation is to send blood to the periphery to meet the metabolic needs of tissues. The heart needs to overcome the afterload to eject blood efficiently. Cardiac afterload refers to the pressure load of the heart, which mainly depends on the compliance of the aorta, peripheral vascular resistance, blood viscosity, and peripheral circulation capacity. For the left ventricle, factors that cause increased afterload include increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and increased left ventricular volume. For the right ventricle, factors that cause increased afterload include increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased right ventricular volume. According to medical Ohm's law, it can be known that the sharp increase in afterload reduces the myocardial shortening speed. In the limited systolic period, the reduced ejection leads to a decrease in stroke volume and an increase in end-diastolic volume, which leads to secondary left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload). This inherent ability of the heart to restore normal stroke volume during acute afterload increases is known as the Anrep effect. Abnormal afterload will cause patients to have palpitations, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, insufficient cardiovascular and cerebrovascular supply, and being overweight can cause heart failure.

Clinically, PiCCO hemodynamic monitoring calculates afterload systemic vascular resistance (SVR) from blood pressure and cardiac output (CO). Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) is the ratio of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) to body surface area (BMI). If SVRI increases, in order to maintain the same ejection volume, cardiac contractility must increase. If the afterload exceeds the capacity of myocardial fibers, range, the heart may have compensatory manifestations. Management of perioperative volume balance and hemodynamic stability requires real-time monitoring of afterload stability. Patients with load imbalance are in critical condition, and it is important to detect them promptly and take corresponding measures to maintain load balance. There are few clinical training opportunities for junior doctors, so there is an urgent need for a cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator to assist doctors in understanding afterload. At present, the afterload simulators used in clinical teaching have few varieties and single functions, and cannot meet the training needs under complex conditions.

It can be seen that the existing simulators are not satisfied with solving the current "medical, teaching, and research" problems in this field. It is necessary to design a novel cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator that can be used repeatedly.

Contents of the invention

In view of the teaching needs of clinicians and to assist clinicians in their understanding of hemodynamic afterload stability, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a device that simultaneously simulates cardiac structure, peripheral circulation, circulatory resistance, pulmonary circulation, and blood flow. Viscosity-simulated cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator.

In order to achieve the above tasks, the present utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator includes a shell similar to the upper body shape of the human body, and the shell is connected to the power supply through a connecting wire; it is characterized in that a heart module, a pulmonary circulation module and a power pump module are provided inside the shell, so The heart module, power pump module, and pulmonary circulation module are connected by the circulation module, where:

The outer shell is a hollow box with a bracket for fixing the heart module, power pump module and pulmonary circulation module inside. The front of the box is covered with a replaceable epidermis, and the sternum structure is embedded under the epidermis. A silicone card slot is fixed on the inner edge of the base, and the heart module is fixed. In the thoracic cavity, the power pump module is fixed in the abdominal cavity; the circulation module is used to connect the heart module, pulmonary circulation module and power pump module to form a closed liquid circulation system. The circulation module is arranged around the inner edge of the box and placed on the silicone card on the inner edge of the shell. inside the tank;

The circulation module uses a plastic hose with a heated guide wire embedded in the hose to simulate human blood vessels. The connection is a spiral interface with a universal one-way valve that can connect the heart module, power pump module and pulmonary circulation module to form a closed The liquid circulation system uses the electric pump wheel to rub the hose to produce a uniform one-way simulated blood flow;

The heart module is an integrated heart model and pericardial model encapsulated in soft silicone, and closely fits the epidermis and sternal frame of the shell; wherein:

The image data of the heart model is taken from the patient's real CT. The material is silicone and formed through 3D printing. The liquid inlet and outlet have a spiral interface and are connected to the circulation module;

The pericardium model is made of self-healing materials and has a simulated touch feel;

The power pump module includes an aortic pump, a pulmonary artery pump, a superior and inferior vena cava pump, and a pulmonary vein pump. It is connected to the circulation module through a spiral interface to realize normal blood flow simulation. Through the aortic pump, pulmonary artery pump, and superior and inferior vena cava pumps, and the electric runner of the pulmonary vein pump to give uniform blood flow in the circulation module;

The pulmonary circulation module is a sealed container with two ends connected to the circulation module, which is filled with thermally conductive gel beads to increase the contact between liquid and air, slow down the flow rate of the liquid, and simulate the effect of pulmonary circulation.

Other features of this utility model are:

The liquid flowing in the hose is composed of polyvinyl alcohol, glycerin, aqueous solution and an appropriate amount of starch diluent.

The cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator of this utility model has the functions of cardiac structure simulation, peripheral circulation simulation, circulatory resistance simulation, pulmonary circulation simulation, and blood viscosity simulation, and has the function of auxiliary equipment to measure various numerical changes. It is a multi-functional Functional hemodynamic dynamic change simulator.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the housing of the cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal distribution of the shell;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the circulation module;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pulmonary circulation module;

Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heart module.

Figure 6 is a detailed schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator of the present invention.

The utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

Detailed ways

Referring to Figures 1 to 6, this embodiment provides a cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator, which includes a casing, and the casing is connected to the power supply through a connecting wire; a heart module, a pulmonary circulation module and a power pump module are provided inside the casing. , the heart module, power pump module, and pulmonary circulation module are connected by a circulation module. The characteristics of each module of this cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator are:

1. Shell

The outer shell is a hollow box, shaped like an adult male upper body model, and has a bracket inside to fix the heart module, power pump module, and pulmonary circulation module. The front of the box is covered with a replaceable skin, and a sternum structure is embedded under the skin. A silicone slot is fixed on the inner edge of the base, the heart module is fixed in the chest cavity, and the power pump module is fixed in the abdominal cavity. The circulation module uses a hose to connect the heart module, pulmonary circulation module and power pump module to form a closed liquid circulation system. The hose is arranged around the inner edge of the box and placed in the silicone slot on the inner edge of the shell.

① Epidermis: simulates human surface skin, made of silicone material, simulated touch, and can be disassembled, replaced, cleaned and maintained;

②Sternum: Simulates the structure of the human sternum, has intercostal spaces, and functions to support the epidermis. The bone structure can be snapped onto the inner edge of the base and can be removed and replaced;

2. Cycle module

Refer to Figure 3. The circulation module uses plastic hoses to simulate human blood vessels. The connection is a spiral interface with a universal one-way valve that can connect each module (Module A to Module B in the figure) to form a closed liquid. circulatory system. The electric pump runner of the power pump module rubs the plastic hose to generate a uniform one-way simulated blood flow. The advantage of this part is that the "blood" flows in a closed environment and does not require an external water tank. The worn plastic hose of the runner can be replaced or the length of the plastic hose can be increased. The plastic hose is routed around the inner edge of the shell and stuck in the silicone on the inner edge of the shell. The silicone body fits closely with the skin of the shell and the sternum frame. A heating guide wire is embedded in the plastic hose, and the medium ("blood") flowing in the plastic hose is a solution composed of polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol, and water, and a small amount of starch diluent is added. Heating causes starch to gelatinize and "blood" viscosity increases, simulating an increase in peripheral circulatory resistance.

3. Pulmonary circulation module

Referring to Figure 4, the pulmonary circulation module is a sealed container with circulation devices (plastic hoses) connected to both ends and filled with thermally conductive gel pellets. "Blood" enters the pulmonary circulation module through the circulation module, which increases the contact between liquid and air, appropriately slows down the blood flow speed, and vividly simulates the effect of pulmonary circulation. When the "blood" is heated to 40°C through the circulation module, the thermally conductive gel beads absorb water and expand, and the gap between the beads decreases, that is, the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVC) increases, which vividly simulates pulmonary hypertension and increases right ventricular afterload. At the same time, peripheral circulation volume decreases and cardiac output decreases as a result. The left end of the pulmonary circulation module is connected to the heart pulmonary artery, and the right end is connected to the pulmonary vein.

4. Heart module

Referring to Figure 5, the heart module mainly includes the pericardium (layer), papillary muscles, heart (layer), tricuspid valve, pulmonary vein, aorta vein, aorta, interatrial septum, pulmonary artery, pulmonary valve, superior and inferior vena cava, chordae tendineae, and ventricular septum. ;

①Heart model: The heart model image data is taken from the patient's real CT and is 3D printed through MIMICS software. The material is silicone. The liquid inlet and outlet have spiral interfaces and are connected to plastic hoses;

②Pericardium model: Made of conventional self-healing materials in this field, with tactile simulation.

The heart module is an integrated structure of the heart model and pericardial model that is encapsulated in soft silicone. It is replaceable and closely fits the skin of the shell and the sternum frame.

5. Power pump module

It mainly includes aortic pump, pulmonary artery pump, superior and inferior vena cava pump, and pulmonary vein pump. It has a spiral interface to connect the circulation module (plastic hose) and is powered on. Normal blood flow is simulated through the aortic pump, pulmonary artery pump, superior and inferior vena cava pump, and pulmonary vein pump. The power pump module uses the electric runner of the pump to give uniform blood flow to the plastic hose stuck in it. After powering on, the switch can be turned on.

The internal structural details of the cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator of this embodiment are shown in Figure 6 . The usage process is as follows:

Before powering on the cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator, check whether the equipment is complete, whether the connections between the various modules are tight and fixed, whether the heating function of the circulation module is normal, whether the gel beads of the pulmonary circulation module function normally, and whether the interior of the entire shell is normal. If there is water leakage, avoid the risk of electric shock. Disinfect the epidermis according to regular procedures and place it in a supine position to ensure even distribution of fluids in the simulated human body.

The physiological application of Ohm's law is to think of cardiac output (CO) as electric current, and the difference between mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) as voltage. Among them, the MAP measurement point is β point, and the CVP measurement point is α point. Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) is regarded as resistance, then a formula is generated: SVRI=(MAP-CVP)/CO. Pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is the gold standard for monitoring cardiac output (CO). The measurement point is γ and the pulmonary artery catheter thermodilution method is used.

It is specified that the cardiac cycle T=1s, that is, the heart rate is 60bpm/min. When the heart rate accelerates, the cardiac cycle, especially the ventricular diastolic period, shortens, that is, (T _BC + T _AD ) - (T ^* _BC + T ^* _AD ) <1s, where T is the current cardiac cycle and T ^* is the next cardiac cycle. , ABCD is the identification of each power pump. When the duration of ventricular filling remains unchanged, that is, (T _BC +T _AD )-(T ^* _BC +T ^* _AD ) = 1s, the faster the venous return velocity, that is, (V _BC +V _AD )-(V ^* _BC + V ^* _AD ) <0, the greater the venous blood return to the heart. Among them, V is the heart rate of this cycle, and V ^* is the heart rate of the next cycle.

1)Normal mode:

The cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator is powered on and the power pump module is running, driving the "blood" in the circulation module to move at a uniform speed in one direction. Check the smooth operation process and the tight connection of each module. At this time, the heating guide wire of the circulation module does not work. The entire simulator environment is at room temperature, with normal afterload and stable hemodynamics. Observe and record cardiac output;

2) Peripheral circulation resistance mode:

Keep each pump in the power pump module rotating in one direction at a uniform speed. The circulation module is in a low-temperature environment (ice pack is placed inside the casing). The circulation module uses a silicone hose, which hardens and shrinks at low temperatures, simulating an increase in peripheral circulation resistance and an increase in afterload. The cardiac output decreases. In order to maintain the cardiac output unchanged, the cardiac contractility needs to increase. When the ice pack is removed and the room temperature is restored, the afterload decreases. The increase in cardiac output weakens the cardiac contractility and restores the cardiac output to normal.

3) Blood viscosity mode

Keep each pump in the power pump module rotating in one direction at a constant speed, and the heating guide wire of the circulation module starts to work. The heating causes the starch diluent to reach the gelatinization critical temperature value (60°C). Just keep the temperature. The increase in blood viscosity will lead to increased afterload. , breaking the hemodynamic balance, cardiac output decreases, in order to maintain cardiac output unchanged, cardiac contractility needs to increase; restoring room temperature gelatinization reverses, afterload decreases, cardiac output increases, weakens cardiac contractility, and restores cardiac output to normal.

4) Aortic compliance pattern

Keep each pump in the power pump module rotating in one direction at a uniform speed. The heart module is in a low-temperature environment (ice packs are placed in the base). The silicone hardens and shrinks at low temperatures. The weakened compliance of the aorta in the heart module causes increased afterload, disrupting blood flow. Dynamic balance, cardiac output decreases, in order to maintain cardiac output unchanged, cardiac contractility needs to increase; restoring room temperature compliance increases, afterload decreases, cardiac output increases, weakens cardiac contractility, and restores cardiac output to normal.

5) Pulmonary circulation simulation

Keep each pump in the power pump module rotating in one direction at a constant speed, and the circulation module is heated to 40°C, which is lower than the gelatinization critical value of the starch diluent (60°C). Under normal circumstances, the functions of the left and right ventricles complement each other and the stroke volume is equal. The thermally conductive gel beads inside the pulmonary circulation module preheat and expand, causing the pulmonary circulation resistance to increase (simulating pulmonary hypertension in clinical practice), breaking the hemodynamic balance, and causing the right heart output to decrease. In order to maintain the right cardiac output unchanged, cardiac contractility needs to increase; restoring room temperature compliance increases, afterload decreases, and the increase in right cardiac output weakens cardiac contractility and restores right cardiac output to normal.

6) Postoperative operations

Repeated heating and cooling operations will cause damage to the plastic hose material of the circulation module, and the starch content of the "blood" content will be degenerated, requiring regular replacement. In addition, by using auxiliary devices to monitor relevant changes, data collection should be performed at the measurement point to avoid inaccurate data. After each operation, turn off the power, put away the power cord device and place it in a dry and ventilated environment, and check for leaks and looseness inside the simulator. Check the tightness of the interface between the circulation module and each module to prevent water leakage. Cleaning and disinfection operations are carried out according to actual clinical steps.

Claims (1)

1. A cardiac afterload hemodynamics simulator, including a shell similar to the upper body shape of the human body, and the shell is connected to the power supply through a connecting wire; it is characterized in that a heart module, a pulmonary circulation module and a power pump module are provided inside the shell , the heart module, power pump module, and pulmonary circulation module are connected by a circulation module, where: The outer shell is a hollow box with a bracket for fixing the heart module, power pump module and pulmonary circulation module inside. The front of the box is covered with a replaceable epidermis, and the sternum structure is embedded under the epidermis. A silicone card slot is fixed on the inner edge of the base, and the heart module is fixed. In the thoracic cavity, the power pump module is fixed in the abdominal cavity; the circulation module is used to connect the heart module, pulmonary circulation module and power pump module to form a closed liquid circulation system. The circulation module is arranged around the inner edge of the box and placed on the silicone card on the inner edge of the shell. inside the tank; The circulation module uses a plastic hose with a heated guide wire embedded in the hose to simulate human blood vessels. The connection is a spiral interface with a universal one-way valve that can connect the heart module, power pump module and pulmonary circulation module to form a closed The liquid circulation system uses the electric pump wheel to rub the hose to produce a uniform one-way simulated blood flow; The heart module is an integrated heart model and pericardial model encapsulated in soft silicone, and closely fits the epidermis and sternal frame of the shell; wherein: The image data of the heart model is taken from the patient's real CT. The material is silicone and formed through 3D printing. The liquid inlet and outlet have a spiral interface and are connected to the circulation module; The pericardium model is made of self-healing materials and has a simulated touch feel; The power pump module includes an aortic pump, a pulmonary artery pump, a superior and inferior vena cava pump, and a pulmonary vein pump. It is connected to the circulation module through a spiral interface to realize normal blood flow simulation. Through the aortic pump, pulmonary artery pump, and superior and inferior vena cava pumps, and the electric runner of the pulmonary vein pump to give uniform blood flow in the circulation module; The pulmonary circulation module is a sealed container with two ends connected to the circulation module, which is filled with thermally conductive gel beads to increase the contact between liquid and air, slow down the flow rate of the liquid, and simulate the effect of pulmonary circulation.