CN219972170U - Shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size - Google Patents
Shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size Download PDFInfo
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- CN219972170U CN219972170U CN202223577271.2U CN202223577271U CN219972170U CN 219972170 U CN219972170 U CN 219972170U CN 202223577271 U CN202223577271 U CN 202223577271U CN 219972170 U CN219972170 U CN 219972170U
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 45
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 22
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 19
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of lime kilns, and provides a shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size, wherein the inner diameter of a low-temperature cooling zone (4) is gradually reduced from top to bottom to be connected with a discharge disc of discharge equipment (9) arranged in a kiln foundation 1; the ash discharging machine (2) is connected with a discharging device (9); the low-temperature cooling zone (4), the high-temperature cooling zone (5), the calcining zone (6), the preheating zone (7) and the kiln top equipment connector (8) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top to form a main kiln body structure, a first necking structure is adopted between the high-temperature cooling zone (5) and the calcining zone (6), a second necking structure is adopted between the calcining zone (6) and the preheating zone (7), and the effective kiln body height H A The relation with the inner diameter D2 of the calcining zone is as follows: h A D2=3.5 to 4.0; wherein D2 is=4.0 to 5.3 meters; the main structure height H0 of the kiln body is 18-22 m. The utility model can solve the technical problem that the prior shaft kiln can not produce quicklime meeting the requirements by using the limestone raw material with small particle size.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of lime kilns, in particular to a shaft kiln capable of calcining small-particle-size limestone.
Background
With the rapid development of industries such as steel, calcium carbide, alumina, refractory materials and the like, the application of lime is also in demand. Lime has a division of quicklime and slaked lime. The main component of quicklime is calcium oxide (CaO), which is a white solid and refractory. Slaked lime, also called "slaked lime", is produced by reacting quicklime with water (while giving off a large amount of heat), or absorbing moisture in humid air, and the main component of slaked lime is calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2). By active lime we mean quicklime, which is generally obtained by calcining limestone (such as calcium carbonate) with a high CaO content.
Lime kilns are common equipment for calcining quicklime, and the basic principle of lime kilns for calcining active lime is as follows: lime and fuel are filled into a lime kiln, the fuel is combured by the air introduced, so that the temperature in the kiln reaches a set temperature range, the lime is decomposed into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide by means of high temperature, and calcination is completed to form quicklime; and then cooling and discharging the product out of the kiln to finish the production of the quicklime.
Existing lime kilns are generally divided into two main categories: one type is a rotary kiln and the other type is a shaft kiln.
For the lime kiln technical field, the existing rotary kiln is suitable for calcining small-granularity limestone, and the produced quicklime is good in quality, but the rotary kiln is suitable for large-scale production, but large in occupied area, high in investment and high in heat consumption.
The quality of quicklime produced by the existing shaft kiln is slightly lower than that of the rotary kiln, but the quicklime has small occupied area, low investment and low heat consumption, and the quicklime works according to the countercurrent heat transfer principle: the materials in the kiln move from top to bottom, and the flue gas passes through the whole material column material from bottom to top to be preheated, calcined and cooled in the kiln. For limestone raw materials with small particle sizes (5 mm-10 mm and 10 mm-20 mm), gaps among raw material particles are smaller than those of raw materials with large particle sizes, so that air supply in a kiln is easy to be blocked in the ascending process, the temperature and the calcination time in the kiln are difficult to ensure, and excessive side air in the kiln is easy to be caused if the air quantity is simply increased, the activity of quicklime obtained by calcination production is greatly influenced, and the quality of quicklime obtained by calcination production is difficult to be ensured. Therefore, for the existing shaft kiln, the requirement on the limestone raw materials entering the kiln is strict, the particle size of the limestone raw materials to be purchased is 30-60 mm, 40-80 mm and 50-100 mm, and the ratio of the maximum blocking degree to the minimum blocking degree is not more than 2-3mm; and must be staged to kiln loading according to the particle size of the limestone feed.
The existing shaft kiln cannot produce quicklime meeting the requirements by using limestone raw materials with small particle sizes, so that a large amount of limestone with small particle sizes is wasted, and the aims of energy conservation and environmental protection cannot be really achieved under the current situation that limestone resources are short. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a lime kiln which occupies a small area, has a low investment cost, and can utilize a small-sized limestone raw material having a very low cost.
Therefore, under the condition of shortage of limestone resources, a small-particle-size lime kiln is designed, and the purposes of fully utilizing the small-particle-size limestone and stably producing quicklime with qualified quality and better activity are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the existing problems and provides a shaft kiln capable of calcining small-particle-size limestone, which can solve the technical problem that the existing shaft kiln cannot produce quicklime meeting requirements by using small-particle-size limestone raw materials.
The aim of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size, which comprises:
kiln foundation, ash discharger, hood, low temperature cooling area, high temperature cooling area, calcining area, preheating area, kiln top equipment connector and unloading equipment;
the low-temperature cooling area is provided with a conical cavity, and the inner diameter of the conical cavity gradually reduces from top to bottom to be connected with a discharge disc of discharge equipment arranged in the kiln foundation; an ash discharger for discharging ash from the unloading device; the low-temperature cooling area, the high-temperature cooling area, the calcining area, the preheating area and the kiln top equipment connector are sequentially arranged from bottom to top to form a kiln body main structure; the high-temperature cooling zone and the calcining zone are in transition of a first necking structure, and the calcining zone and the preheating zone are in transition of a second necking structure;
the height of the low-temperature cooling zone is H1, and the maximum inner diameter of the conical cavity is equal to the inner diameter of the high-temperature cooling zone; the inner diameter of the high-temperature cooling zone is D1, and the height is H2; the inner diameter of the calcining zone is D2, and the height is H3; the inner diameter of the preheating zone is D3, and the height is H4; first time shrinkingThe height of the mouth structure is L1; the height of the second necking structure is L2; h A =h1+l1+h2+l2+h3 is the height of the material column passing through in the kiln, and constitutes the effective kiln body height; effective height H of the kiln body A The relation with the inner diameter D2 of the calcining zone is as follows: h A D2=3.5 to 4.0; d2=4.0 to 5.3 meters; the main structure height H0 of the kiln body meets the following conditions: h0 =18 to 22 meters.
Further, the kiln foundation is provided with an air inlet, a through hole is formed in the center of the top of the kiln foundation and is connected with an air pipe, and the air pipe is led to the hood; the hood is of a double-layer hood structure.
Still further, the D3 is 3.3 to 3.7 meters.
Further, D1 is 4.4-4.8 m.
Further, the outer shell of the main structure of the kiln body is made of steel plates, and the inner lining is divided into three layers: an inner layer, an intermediate layer and an outer layer; the inner layer is built by clay bricks, high alumina bricks, magnesia bricks or magnesia-alumina bricks; the middle layer is built by clay bricks; the outer layer is built by light clay bricks and heat insulation filler.
The technical scheme of the utility model can be seen from the above:
1. the utility model designs the effective height H of the kiln body A The relation with the inner diameter D2 of the calcining zone is as follows: h A D2=3.5 to 4.0; d2=4.0 to 5.3 meters; the main structure height H0 of the kiln body meets the following conditions: h0 The method has the advantages that (1) the limestone raw materials with small particle sizes (5-10 mm and 10-20 mm) can be used for calcining the limestone raw materials with the particle sizes of 18-22 m to obtain the quicklime meeting the requirements, so that the utilization rate of the limestone raw materials can be greatly improved; in addition, the calcined quicklime is easy to be pulverized, so that the quality requirement of the sintered ash of the steel mill can be met, the cost and the coal consumption of the sintered ash of the steel mill can be greatly reduced, and the requirement of lime users with low required activity can be met; furthermore, the cost of the lime stone with small particle size is low, and the fuel is saved when the lime stone with small particle size is calcined, so that the production cost and the energy consumption of the lime kiln can be greatly reduced; furthermore, the burning of the limestone with small particle size saves fuel, and the corresponding combustion air is less, so that the limestone can be decomposed more by the same amount of fuel compared with the prior art,CO thus produced 2 Will increase, CO in the exhaust gas 2 The concentration will be increased.
2. According to the utility model, by arranging the double hoods, the air supply height can be increased, and the air output and the air speed of different hoods can be respectively adjusted, so that the ventilation resistance in the kiln can be reduced, and the technical problem of excessive side air in the kiln is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shaft kiln capable of calcining small particle size limestone according to the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a view B-B of fig. 1.
In the accompanying drawings:
kiln foundation 1, ash discharger 2, hood 3, low-temperature cooling zone 4, high-temperature cooling zone 5, calcining zone 6, preheating zone 7, kiln top equipment connector 8 and unloading equipment 9.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical scheme of the present utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The terms of directions such as up, down, left, right, front and rear in the present document are established based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. The drawings are different, and the corresponding positional relationship may be changed, so that the scope of protection cannot be understood.
The utility model provides a shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size, the structure of which is shown in figure 1,
the shaft kiln comprises: kiln foundation 1, ash discharger 2, hood 3, low-temperature cooling zone 4, high-temperature cooling zone 5, calcining zone 6, preheating zone 7, kiln top equipment connector 8 and unloading equipment 9.
The low-temperature cooling zone 4 is arranged above the kiln foundation 1; the low-temperature cooling zone 4, the high-temperature cooling zone 5, the calcining zone 6, the preheating zone 7 and the kiln top equipment connector 8 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top to form a main kiln body structure. Wherein, the high-temperature cooling zone 5 and the calcining zone 6 are in transition of a first necking structure, and the calcining zone 6 and the preheating zone 7 are in transition of a second necking structure.
The outer shell of the main structure of the kiln body is made of steel plates, and the inner lining is made of refractory materials. The refractory lining brick is divided into three layers: an inner layer, an intermediate layer and an outer layer. Wherein the inner layer is a working layer, is directly contacted with the material, and is subjected to material impact, abrasion and chemical erosion at the operating temperature; the inner layer is built by clay bricks, high alumina bricks, magnesia bricks or magnesia-alumina bricks. The middle layer is a protective layer, and plays a role in protection when the working layer is excessively worn or burnt; the middle layer is built by clay bricks. The outer layer is a heat-insulating layer, and the heat-insulating layer is made of light clay bricks and heat-insulating fillers.
The height of the main structure of the kiln body is recorded as H0; the height of the low-temperature cooling zone 4 is H1, and the maximum inner diameter of the conical cavity is equal to the inner diameter of the high-temperature cooling zone 5; the inner diameter of the high-temperature cooling zone 5 is D1, and the height is H2; the inner diameter of the calcining zone 6 is D2, and the height is H3; the inner diameter of the preheating zone 7 is D3, and the height is H4; the height of the first necking structure is L1; the height of the second necking structure is L2.
The H1+L1+H2+ L2 +H2+ H2 is the passing height of the material column in the kiln, and the effective height of the kiln body is recorded as H A . When the calcination period of the material in the kiln is fixed, the yield can be improved by increasing the effective height, but the airflow resistance in the kiln is increased, so that the side fire is high and the middle fire is weak easily caused, and the smooth running of the material in the kiln can be influenced by the excessive effective height of the kiln body. Too small effective height of the kiln body easily causes strong middle fire and weak side fire, limestone cannot be fully sintered, the quality of calcined lime obtained by calcination production is difficult to ensure, and the discharging temperature is also high. The inner diameter of the kiln body is small, and the yield of the kiln is low; the inner diameter of the kiln body is too large, and the material column in the kiln is easy to move down unevenly, so that the uniform distribution of the air flow and the clinker quality of the cross section of the shaft kiln are affected. The ratio of the effective height of the kiln body to the inner diameter of the kiln body is thus very important for the quality of the quicklime.
In order to ensure the quality of the calcined lime, the inventor designs the effective height H of the kiln body A The relation with the inner diameter D2 of the calcining zone is as follows: h A D2=3.5 to 4.0; d2=4.0 to 5.3 meters; the main structure height H0 of the kiln body meets the following conditions: h0 =18 to 22 meters.
More preferably, the D1 is 4.4 to 4.8 meters; the D3 is 3.3-3.7 m.
More preferably, d1=4.6 meters; d3 =3.5 meters.
The low-temperature cooling zone 4 is provided with a conical cavity, and the inner diameter of the conical cavity gradually reduces from top to bottom to be connected with a discharge disc of a discharge device 9 arranged in the kiln foundation 1; the ash discharger 2 is connected with a discharging device 9, and discharges ash which is turned out by the discharging device 9.
The kiln foundation 1 is arranged below the main kiln body structure and is provided with an air inlet, a through hole is formed in the center of the top of the kiln foundation 1 and is connected with an air pipe, the air pipe is led to a hood 3 arranged above, and air entering the air pipe is sent into the kiln of the main kiln body structure through the hood 3.
The air entering from the air inlet of the kiln foundation 1 firstly enters a low-temperature cooling zone 4 of the main structure of the kiln body through a hood 3, the air is rapidly diffused under the action of a conical cavity of the low-temperature cooling zone 4, and a part of the air serving as combustion-supporting air of fuel in the kiln sequentially passes through a high-temperature cooling zone 5, a calcining zone 6 and a preheating zone 7 above the low-temperature cooling zone 4 from bottom to top; the other part is used as cooling air to sequentially pass through a high-temperature cooling zone 5, a calcining zone 6 and a preheating zone 7 above the low-temperature cooling zone 4 from bottom to top, and finally calcines and decomposes CO with limestone in the kiln 2 Mixed together and discharged from the flue at the kiln top to other heat utilization equipment for reuse.
Because the calcination time of the limestone with small particle size is short, the required air quantity is large; in addition, as the gaps among the limestone raw materials with small particle sizes are smaller, wind upward can be blocked to easily cause excessive side wind, in order to solve the technical problem, the inventor designs the hood 3 into a double-layer hood structure, and thus the wind outlet height can be increased to enlarge wind stroke in the kiln. And the air outlet can be increased through the double-layer hood structure, and the air outlet quantity of the air outlets with different heights of the double-layer hood structure can be adjusted through the temperature in the kiln fed back by the controller according to thermocouples at different positions.
The shaft kiln works:
air is fed into the kiln from the bottom of the kiln by a blower system (called bottom wind), or is fed into the kiln from a cooling belt arranged at the outer periphery of the main structure of the kiln body (called waist wind), or both of the bottom wind and the waist wind are simultaneously fed into the kiln. Part of the air fed into the kiln is used as combustion-supporting air; the other part of the air is used as cooling air to run from bottom to top so that the exhaust gas exiting from the kiln top air opening is cooled.
Limestone raw material and fuel (collectively referred to as material) are layered and fed into the shaft kiln from the kiln roof through kiln roof equipment connected by kiln roof equipment connector 8, and heated by combustion supporting from the lower part of the air. As the material moves down, the fuel burns in the limestone feed gap. The exhaust gas is cooled by part of air from the lower part and then discharged to the atmosphere through a kiln top chimney. Discharging the large materials which are not fully combusted out of the kiln body from the upper part of a sieving machine arranged in a kiln body calcining zone; calcined and mature quicklime is discharged from the bottom discharge device 9, and the produced ash is discharged from the ash discharger 2.
While the utility model has been disclosed in terms of preferred embodiments, the embodiments are not limiting of the utility model. Any equivalent changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, and are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model. The scope of the utility model should therefore be determined by the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone of small particle size, the shaft kiln comprising:
the kiln comprises a kiln foundation (1), an ash discharging machine (2), a hood (3), a low-temperature cooling zone (4), a high-temperature cooling zone (5), a calcining zone (6), a preheating zone (7), a kiln top equipment connector (8) and a discharging device (9);
the low-temperature cooling zone (4) is provided with a conical cavity, and the inner diameter of the conical cavity is gradually reduced from top to bottom to be connected with a discharge disc of a discharge device (9) arranged in the kiln foundation (1); the ash discharging machine (2) is connected with a discharging device (9) and discharges ash which is turned out by the discharging device (9); the low-temperature cooling zone (4), the high-temperature cooling zone (5), the calcining zone (6), the preheating zone (7) and the kiln top equipment connector (8) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top to form a main kiln body structure; the high-temperature cooling zone (5) and the calcining zone (6) are in transition of a first necking structure, and the calcining zone (6) and the preheating zone (7) are in transition of a second necking structure;
the height of the low-temperature cooling zone (4) is H1, and the maximum inner diameter of the conical cavity is equal to the inner diameter of the high-temperature cooling zone (5); the inner diameter of the high-temperature cooling zone (5) is D1, and the height is H2; the inner diameter of the calcining zone (6) isD2, the height is H3; the inner diameter of the preheating zone (7) is D3, and the height is H4; the height of the first necking structure is L1; the height of the second necking structure is L2; h A =h1+l1+h2+l2+h3 is the height of the material column passing through in the kiln, and constitutes the effective kiln body height; effective height H of the kiln body A The relation with the inner diameter D2 of the calcining zone is as follows: h A D2=3.5 to 4.0; d2=4.0 to 5.3 meters; the main structure height H0 of the kiln body meets the following conditions: h0 =18 to 22 meters.
2. The shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size according to claim 1, wherein the kiln base (1) is provided with an air inlet, a through hole is formed in the center of the top of the kiln base (1) and is connected with an air pipe, and the air pipe is led to a hood (3); the hood (3) is of a double-layer hood structure.
3. The shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size according to claim 1, wherein D3 is 3.3-3.7 meters.
4. The shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size according to claim 1, wherein D1 is 4.4 to 4.8 meters.
5. The shaft kiln capable of calcining limestone with small particle size according to claim 1, wherein the outer shell of the main structure of the kiln body is made of steel plates, and the inner lining is divided into three layers: an inner layer, an intermediate layer and an outer layer; the inner layer is built by clay bricks, high alumina bricks, magnesia bricks or magnesia-alumina bricks; the middle layer is built by clay bricks; the outer layer is built by light clay bricks and heat insulation filler.
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