CN219956095U - Carbonization apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of calcining equipment, in particular to carbonizing equipment, which comprises: the device comprises a feeding device, a heating hearth, a transition hearth, a cooling hearth, a tar processing device and a flue gas processing device; according to the carbonization equipment, on one hand, the sagger is not required to be used for bearing materials in the carbonization process, so that the productivity can be improved, and the cost is reduced; on the other hand, the tail gas generated in the carbonization process is treated and then recycled, so that the cost can be reduced, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are realized.

Description

Carbonization apparatus

[ field of technology ]

The utility model relates to the technical field of calcining equipment, in particular to carbonizing equipment.

[ background Art ]

In the prior art, carbonization of battery materials is generally carried out in a high-temperature calciner, a common high-temperature calciner usually adopts a sagger to carry materials for calcination, and the sagger is damaged along with the increase of the service time and cannot be used normally, so that the production cost is increased, and the productivity of the battery materials is also influenced. Therefore, high-yield, low-cost high-temperature carbonization remains a process technology difficulty. In addition, in order to prevent the battery materials from being oxidized in the carbonization process, nitrogen is generally introduced into the furnace for oxygen control, and tail gas generated after high-temperature carbonization is generally directly discharged after incineration treatment, so that the energy utilization rate is low and the resource waste is high.

[ utility model ]

The utility model provides carbonization equipment, on one hand, the sagger is not needed to be used for bearing materials in the carbonization process, so that the productivity can be improved, and the cost can be reduced; on the other hand, the tail gas generated in the carbonization process is treated and then recycled, so that the cost can be reduced, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are realized.

An embodiment of the present utility model provides a carbonization apparatus including: the device comprises a feeding device, a heating hearth, a transition hearth, a cooling hearth, a tar processing device and a flue gas processing device;

the feeding device is connected with a feeding port of the heating hearth;

the heating hearth comprises an outer shell, the outer shell comprises an outer heat-insulating layer and an inner heating layer, the inner heating layer forms a heating cavity, a flame path is formed between the outer heat-insulating layer and the inner heating layer, a plurality of first guide plates are arranged on the inner wall of the inner heating layer, which is close to the heating cavity, and the plurality of first guide plates are arranged at intervals along the central line of the heating hearth in a spiral mode;

the material outlet at the top of the heating hearth is connected with the material inlet at the top of the cooling hearth through the transition hearth, and the bottom of the cooling hearth is provided with a material collecting port;

the exhaust port at the top of the heating hearth is communicated with the flame path of the heating hearth through the tar processing device;

the flame path is communicated with the heating cavity through the flue gas treatment device.

In a possible embodiment, the flame path is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, wherein the caliber of the upper half section is larger than that of the lower half section; and/or

The top of the heating hearth is provided with a filtering device which is used for filtering flue gas, and the filtering device comprises a vibration cleaning component; and/or

The inner wall of the inner heating layer is provided with a wear-resistant layer.

In a possible implementation mode, the tar processing device comprises a tar decomposing device, a primary processing part, a secondary processing part and a tertiary processing part which are sequentially communicated, wherein a smoke outlet of the primary processing part is communicated with a first smoke inlet of the flame path through a high-temperature smoke pipe, a smoke outlet of the secondary processing part is communicated with a second smoke inlet of the flame path through a medium-temperature smoke pipe, and a smoke outlet of the tertiary processing part is communicated with a third smoke inlet of the flame path through a low-temperature smoke pipe.

In a possible implementation mode, the upper part of the flame path is provided with flame nozzles which are arranged at intervals in a surrounding way, and the flame nozzles are used for igniting the flue gas which is introduced into the flame path through the first smoke inlet, the second smoke inlet and the third smoke inlet; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the high-temperature smoke tube, the medium-temperature smoke tube and the low-temperature smoke tube are respectively provided with a temperature detection device and a fan, the temperature detection devices are used for detecting whether the smoke meets the temperature requirement or not, and the fans are used for pumping the smoke meeting the temperature requirement into the flame path.

In a possible embodiment, the exhaust port at the bottom of the flue gas treatment device communicates via an exhaust duct with a plurality of nozzles at the bottom of the outer housing, which nozzles are inserted through the outer housing into the heating chamber.

In a possible implementation manner, the distance between two adjacent first guide plates is 500-800 mm; and/or the first guide plate is made of wear-resistant materials.

In a possible embodiment, the transition furnace is provided with a heat insulation layer, and the feed inlet of the transition furnace is higher than the discharge outlet of the transition furnace.

In a possible implementation manner, the cooling hearth comprises a shell and a cooling cavity positioned in the shell, wherein a plurality of second guide plates are installed on the inner wall of the shell close to the cooling cavity, and the second guide plates are arranged on the inner wall of the shell at intervals along the central line of the cooling hearth in a spiral manner; the upper part of the cooling hearth is provided with an oil cooling system, the middle part of the cooling hearth is provided with a water cooling system, and the lower part of the cooling hearth is provided with a cooling fan.

In a possible embodiment, the air outlet below the cooling hearth is provided with a negative pressure filter device, and the negative pressure filter device is communicated with the air inlet of the flue gas treatment device.

In a possible implementation mode, the feed inlet of the flue gas treatment device is communicated with the limestone feed device and the oxygen supplementing device, the bottom of the flue gas treatment device is communicated with the solid-gas separation device, the exhaust port of the solid-gas separation device is communicated with the nozzle on the heating hearth, and the solid-gas separation device is also provided with a solid waste discharge port.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

according to the carbonization equipment provided by the utility model, the material is directly fed into the heating cavity of the heating hearth through the feeding port to be heated and carbonized, a sagger is not required to be used for carrying the material in the carbonization process, the cost can be reduced, the productivity is improved, the material is heated by flame through a flame path, the inner wall of the heating cavity is provided with a plurality of first guide plates, the material can form a certain vortex in the heating cavity through the first guide plates, the material can be calcined through air flow in the movement, so that amorphous carbon can be uniformly coated on the surface of the material, and the phenomena of coking and the like can be reduced below 600 ℃ under control; the tar processing device is adopted to decoking the first tail gas generated in the carbonization process, and then the first tail gas is introduced into the flame path for recycling; after the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the first exhaust gas is treated by the flue gas treatment device, the second exhaust gas with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm can be obtained, and the second exhaust gas with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm is introduced into the heating cavity and can be used as a protective atmosphere in the carbonization process, so that the nitrogen usage amount is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.

[ description of the drawings ]

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a heating hearth of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a cooling hearth of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of a tar processing apparatus of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for carbonizing and cooling materials in a carbonizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cooling circulation system of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

Reference numerals:

1-a feeding device; 2-feeding pipe;

3-heating the hearth; 30-heating the cavity; 31-an outer thermal insulation layer; 32-flame path; 33-heating a hearth; 34-a first baffle; 35-exhaust port; 36-flame nozzle; 37-a first smoke inlet; 38-a second smoke inlet; 39-a third smoke inlet;

4-transition hearth;

5-cooling the hearth; 50-cooling chamber; 51-a material collection port; 52-a second deflector; 53-oil cooling system; 54-a water cooling system; 55-cooling fans; 56-a negative pressure filtration device;

6-tar processing device; 61-tar decomposing device; 62-a primary treatment section; 621-high-temperature smoke tube; 63-a secondary treatment section; 631-medium temperature smoke tube; 64-three-stage treatment sections; 641-low temperature smoke tube;

7-a flue gas treatment device; 70-limestone feed device; 71-an oil temperature heating system; 72-an oxygen supplementing device; 73-a water cooling system; 74-a solid-gas separation device; 75-solid waste discharge; 76-an oxygen filtration treatment device; 77-a flue gas reflux fan;

8-a filtering device;

9-nozzles;

11-pre-mixed coating material;

12-first tail gas;

13-second tail gas.

[ detailed description ] of the utility model

For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present utility model, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present utility model refers to the accompanying drawings.

It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

The terminology used in the embodiments of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one relationship describing the association of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.

The terms top, bottom, inner, outer, etc. are merely used in the drawings and are not intended to be limiting.

The utility model provides carbonization equipment which is used for calcining anode and cathode materials of a battery, such as lithium cobalt oxide materials, lithium iron phosphate materials and other powder, and ensures that the battery materials are stably carbonized in the carbonization equipment to meet the performance requirements required by the battery materials.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbonization device provided by an embodiment of the present utility model, and as shown in fig. 1, the carbonization device of the present utility model includes a feeding device 1, a heating furnace 3, a transition furnace 4, a cooling furnace 5, a tar processing device 6, and a flue gas processing device 7; the bottom of the heating hearth 3 is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed device 1 is connected with the feed inlet at the bottom of the heating hearth 3 through a feed pipe 2; the upper part of the heating hearth 3 is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port at the top of the heating hearth 3 is connected with a feed port at the top of the cooling hearth 5 through a transition hearth 4, and the bottom of the cooling hearth 5 is provided with a material collecting port 51; the exhaust port 35 of the heating hearth 3 is communicated with the flame path 32 of the heating hearth 3 through the tar processing device 6, and the flue gas exhausted from the exhaust port 35 is introduced into the flame path 32 of the heating hearth 3 for recycling after decoking treatment by the tar processing device 6. The flue gas treatment device 7 is communicated with the air outlet of the flame path 32, and the air outlet of the flue gas treatment device 7 is communicated with the heating cavity 30.

The heating furnace 3 comprises an outer shell, the outer shell comprises an outer heat-insulating layer 31 and an inner heating layer 33, the inner heating layer 33 forms a heating cavity 30, a feeding device 1 can send materials into the heating cavity 30 through a feeding pipe 2 to heat, a flame path 32 is formed between the outer heat-insulating layer 31 and the inner heating layer 33, the flame path 32 can heat the materials in the heating cavity 30 in a flame-insulating manner, a plurality of first guide plates 34 are mounted on the inner wall, close to the heating cavity 30, of the inner heating layer 33, of the first guide plates 34 are arranged at intervals along the central line of the heating furnace 3 in a spiral manner, so that the materials form a certain vortex in the heating cavity 30, and the materials can be calcined through air flow in movement, so that amorphous carbon can be uniformly coated on the surface of the materials.

In the above scheme, the feeding device 1 sends the material into the heating cavity 30 of the heating hearth 3 through the feeding hole to heat and carbonize the material, and a sagger is not needed to be used for carrying the material in the carbonization process, so that the cost can be reduced, the productivity can be improved, the material is heated by flame isolation through the flame path 32, the inner wall of the inner heating layer 33 is provided with a plurality of first guide plates 34, the material can form a certain vortex in the heating cavity 30 through the first guide plates 34, the material can be calcined through air flow in the movement, the amorphous carbon can be uniformly coated on the surface of the material, and the phenomena of coking and the like can be reduced below 600 ℃ can be controlled; the tar processing device 6 is adopted to decoking the first tail gas generated in the carbonization process and then the first tail gas is introduced into the flame path 32 for recycling; the exhaust gas generated after the combustion of the first tail gas in the flame path 32 enters the flue gas treatment device 7 through the gas outlet of the flame path 32 for treatment, so that the second tail gas with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm can be obtained, and the second tail gas with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm is introduced into the heating cavity 30 and can be used as a protective atmosphere in the carbonization process, thereby reducing the nitrogen usage amount and the production cost.

In some embodiments, the feeding device 1 is connected with a feeding hole at the bottom of the heating hearth 3 through a feeding pipe 2, and materials can be added into the heating cavity 30 through the feeding pipe 2 for heating. In particular, the feeding device 1 may be a screw type feeding device such that the material is screwed into the heating chamber 30.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a local structure of a heating hearth 3 of a carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present utility model, where, as shown in fig. 2, the heating hearth 3 is a low-speed vortex hearth, and a plurality of first guide plates 34 are disposed at intervals along a central line of the heating hearth 3 in a spiral manner. Through setting up a plurality of first guide plates 34 in the intensification furnace 3, increase the area of contact of first guide plate 34 and material, make the material form certain vortex in the furnace, make powder material can calcine the material through the air current in the motion, make amorphous carbon can evenly cladding to the material surface.

Specifically, the distance between two adjacent first guide plates 34 is 500-800 mm, which is favorable for forming vortex in the heating cavity 30, increases the heating rate of the material, and enables amorphous carbon to be coated on the surface of the material more uniformly. In some embodiments, the material is helically raised at a rate of 1.0 to 1.5m/S.

In order to reduce the abrasion of the first deflector 34 during the high-temperature carbonization process, the material of the first deflector 34 is a wear-resistant material, specifically, the wear-resistant material may be silicon carbide, corundum, ceramic, or the like. In other embodiments, the surface of the first baffle 34 may be provided with a wear-resistant layer, and the wear-resistant layer is made of the wear-resistant material, so that the service life of the first baffle 34 may be prolonged. Similarly, in order to reduce the abrasion of the material on the inner wall of the inner heating layer 33 during the heating process, and prolong the service life of the heating hearth, the inner wall of the inner heating layer 33 is also provided with a wear-resistant layer, and the material of the wear-resistant layer may be the above wear-resistant material or other wear-resistant materials, which is not limited herein.

In this embodiment, the flue gas generated in the heating chamber 30 of the heating furnace 3 is subjected to decoking treatment by the tar treatment device 6 to form a first tail gas, and the flue gas generated in the flame path 32 of the heating furnace 3 is subjected to treatment by the flue gas treatment device 7 to form a second tail gas.

The flame path 32 in the heating hearth 3 is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, wherein the upper half section is mainly used for igniting the first tail gas to carbonize the material at high temperature, and the lower half section is mainly used for carrying out step-by-step preheating treatment on the material by using the first tail gas. In order to fully perform combustion, the heating rate of the material is improved, and the caliber of the upper half section of the flame path 32 is larger than that of the lower half section, so that the coating uniformity of amorphous carbon on the material is improved.

The lower half section of flame path 32 is equipped with first inlet 37, second inlet 38 and third inlet 39, and the height of first inlet 37 is higher than second inlet 38, and second inlet 38 is higher than third inlet 39, lets in low temperature first tail gas in third inlet to flame path 32, and second inlet 38 lets in medium temperature first tail gas in flame path 32, and after first inlet 37 lets in high temperature first tail gas in flame path 32, can utilize the first tail gas of different temperatures to preheat the intensification furnace 3 step by step, utilizes the heat that first tail gas produced to carry out the flame isolation heating to the material, reaches the effect of reducing.

The upper half section of the flame path 32 is provided with flame nozzles 36 which are arranged at intervals in a surrounding manner, the flame nozzles 36 are used for igniting first tail gas which is introduced into the flame path 32 through the first smoke inlet 37, the second smoke inlet 38 and the third smoke inlet 39, and the first tail gas is used as combustion-supporting atmosphere to form flame together with natural gas in the flame path after being ignited so as to heat materials.

Further, a filter device 8 is arranged in the heating cavity 30 of the heating hearth 3, specifically, the filter device 8 is located on one side of the inner wall of the inner heating layer 33 close to the exhaust port 35, and the filter device 8 comprises a plurality of layers of filter screens for filtering flue gas. Specifically, the filtering device 8 may be provided with three layers of filtering screens, and the mesh size of the filtering screens may be 1000 mesh, 800 mesh, etc., and may be adjusted according to actual requirements. The flue gas generated by the heating furnace 3 is filtered by a filter screen of the filter device 8 and then is discharged to the tar processing device 6 through the exhaust port 35 for decoking treatment, so as to form first tail gas. In order to reduce the condition that filter equipment 8 takes place to block up, filter equipment 8 still includes vibration cleaning member, and under motor drive, vibration cleaning member can regularly clear up filter equipment 8 surface, reduces the condition that the laying dust blockked up the mesh. Optionally, the vibration cleaning component is an ultrasonic vibration device, and the surface of the filter screen is cleaned through ultrasonic vibration every 60s, so that the cleaning efficiency is accelerated.

Further, a plurality of temperature detecting devices are further disposed on the inner wall of the inner heating layer 33 in the heating hearth 3, and the interval between two adjacent temperature detecting devices may be 2m. The temperature inside the heating cavity 30 can be detected by the temperature detection device, which is beneficial to controlling the temperature inside the heating cavity 30 to 1100-1300 ℃.

Further, a plurality of nozzles 9 are further arranged at the bottom of the heating hearth 3, and the nozzles 9 penetrate through the outer shell body and are inserted into the heating cavity 30, so that the second tail gas can be uniformly mixed with materials entering the heating cavity 30 through the feed inlet of the heating hearth 3 to form vortex-shaped materials. The nozzle 9 is used for enabling the processed second tail gas to have a certain acceleration, so that the material input through the feeding device 1 can move at a speed of 1.5m/S after being mixed with the second tail gas, and a vortex of 1.5m/S is further formed through the first guide plate 34 during movement to perform high Wen Zhengxing and heating on the material. Specifically, the nozzle 9 is a tungsten carbide nozzle, the oxygen content of the second tail gas is less than 100ppm, and the temperature of the second tail gas is less than 200 ℃.

The heating furnace chamber adopted by the utility model is beneficial to the material to form vortex to slowly burn in the heating cavity 30 to 1100-1300 ℃ under the action of the first guide plate 34, and the material is kept warm for a certain time, and after reaching the discharge port at the top of the heating furnace chamber 3, the material is stabilized by the transition furnace chamber 4 and finally reaches the cooling furnace chamber 5 for cooling.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a cooling hearth of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, a transition hearth 4 is used to communicate with a heating hearth 3 and a cooling hearth 5, so as to perform steady flow and deceleration on a vortex-shaped material to be introduced into the cooling hearth 5. Specifically, the feed inlet of the transition hearth 4 is higher than the discharge outlet of the transition hearth 4, the length of the transition hearth 4 is 2000 mm-2500 mm, and the transition hearth 4 is provided with a steady flow section with the length of 1000 mm-1500 mm. Specifically, the transition hearth 4 is provided with a heat insulating layer.

The cooling hearth 5 includes a housing, a cooling cavity 50 is formed inside the housing, a plurality of second guide plates 52 are installed on the inner wall of the housing, and the plurality of second guide plates 52 are arranged at intervals along the center line of the cooling hearth 5 in a spiral manner. The upper part of the cooling hearth 5 is provided with an oil cooling system 53, the middle part of the cooling hearth 5 is provided with a water cooling system 54, the lower part of the cooling hearth 5 is provided with a cooling fan 55, and three different cooling systems cool materials step by step.

Specifically, qualified materials in the heating cavity 30 of the heating hearth 3 after carbonization treatment enter the cooling hearth 5 after steady flow deceleration through the transition hearth 4, the cooling hearth 5 forms vortex materials with the speed of 1m/s through a plurality of second guide plates 52 arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cavity 50, the vortex materials are cooled to 800 ℃ through an oil cooling system 53 at the upper part of the cooling hearth 5, cooled to 200 ℃ through a water cooling system 54 in the middle part of the cooling hearth 5, and finally cooled to 30 ℃ through a cooling fan 55 at the lower part of the cooling hearth 5 and packed and collected through a material collecting port 51.

In some embodiments, a negative pressure filter 56 is arranged at the air outlet below the cooling hearth 5, the negative pressure filter 56 is communicated with the air inlet of the flue gas treatment device 7 through a flue gas discharge pipeline, the negative pressure filter 56 is used for filtering flue gas generated in the cooling process, the flue gas enters the negative pressure filter 56 through the air outlet, and the flue gas enters the air inlet of the flue gas treatment device 7 through the flue gas discharge pipeline after being filtered by the negative pressure filter 56. Further, a negative pressure fan is arranged above the flue gas discharge pipeline, so that the flue gas filtered by the negative pressure filter device 56 can be pumped to the flue gas treatment device 7, and the flue gas is treated by the flue gas treatment device 7 to form second tail gas.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a tar processing apparatus 6 of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 4, the tar processing apparatus 6 includes a tar decomposing apparatus 61, a primary processing portion 62, a secondary processing portion 63, and a tertiary processing portion 64 that are sequentially connected, wherein a smoke outlet of the primary processing portion 62 is connected to a first smoke inlet 37 of a flame path 32 through a high-temperature smoke pipe 621, a smoke outlet of the secondary processing portion 63 is connected to a second smoke inlet 38 of the flame path 32 through a medium-temperature smoke pipe 631, and a smoke outlet of the tertiary processing portion 64 is connected to a third smoke inlet 39 of the flame path 32 through a low-temperature smoke pipe 641.

Specifically, the flue gas generated in the heating cavity 30 is filtered by the filtering device 8 and then is discharged to the tar processing device 6 through the exhaust port 35, the tar processing device 6 is provided with the tar decomposing device 61 to decoking the flue gas, the decoking flue gas forms high-temperature first tail gas at 700-900 ℃, medium-temperature first tail gas at 400-700 ℃ and low-temperature first tail gas at 200-400 ℃ in the first-stage processing part 62, the second-stage processing part 63 and the third-stage processing part 64 respectively, wherein the flue gas outlet of the first-stage processing part 62 is communicated with the flue gas channel 32 through the first flue gas inlet 37 by the high-temperature flue pipe 621, the flue gas outlet of the second-stage processing part 63 is communicated with the flue gas channel 32 through the second flue gas inlet 38 by the medium-temperature flue pipe 631, and the flue gas outlet of the third-stage processing part 64 is communicated with the low-temperature first tail gas channel 32 through the third flue gas inlet 39 by the low-temperature flue pipe 641. Because the first smoke inlet 37 is higher than the second smoke inlet 38, the second smoke inlet 38 is higher than the third smoke inlet 39, the third smoke inlet 39 is used for introducing low-temperature first tail gas into the flame path 32, the second smoke inlet 38 is used for introducing medium-temperature first tail gas into the flame path 32, and after the first smoke inlet 37 is used for introducing high-temperature first tail gas into the flame path 32, the temperature-rising hearth can be preheated step by utilizing smoke with different temperatures, and materials are subjected to flame-isolation heating by utilizing the smoke.

In some embodiments, the tertiary treatment section 64 of the tar treatment device 6 includes a tar cooling water pipe through which the flue gas passing through the tertiary treatment section 64 can be cooled to a low temperature first tail gas of 200 ℃ to 400 ℃.

The high-temperature smoke pipe (621), the medium-temperature smoke pipe (631) and the low-temperature smoke pipe (641) are respectively provided with a temperature detection device and a fan, the temperature detection devices are used for detecting whether the smoke meets the temperature requirement or not, the smoke meeting the temperature requirement after being detected by the temperature detection devices is conveyed into the flame path 32 through the fans, and the smoke can preheat the heating furnace chamber 3 after entering the flame path 32 so as to heat materials in a flame-isolating manner.

In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment device 7 is used to treat the exhaust gas generated in the flue 32 of the raised temperature furnace 3, thereby forming a second exhaust gas. The exhaust port at the bottom of the flue gas treatment device 7 conveys the second tail gas with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm into the plurality of nozzles 9 of the heating hearth 3 through the exhaust pipeline, so that the second tail gas can be mixed with the materials entering the material heating cavity 30 through the feed inlet at the bottom of the heating hearth 3 to form vortex-shaped materials.

Further, an oxygen filtering device 76 and a smoke reflux fan 77 are sequentially arranged on the exhaust pipeline. Specifically, the flue gas generated in the flue is treated by the flue gas treatment device 7 and then is conveyed to the oxygen filtering treatment device 76 through an exhaust port at the bottom of the flue gas treatment device, the oxygen filtering treatment device 76 is provided with an oxygen content detector, and when the oxygen content detector detects that the oxygen in the flue gas exceeds the standard, the oxygen filtering treatment device 76 is used for filtering the flue gas; when the oxygen content detector detects that the oxygen in the flue gas reaches the standard, the obtained second tail gas with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm is conveyed into a plurality of nozzles 9 of the heating hearth 3 through an exhaust pipeline by the flue gas reflux fan, so that the second tail gas is mixed with materials to form vortex-shaped materials, the materials can be slowly calcined at 1100-1300 ℃, and the amorphous carbon can be uniformly coated on the surfaces of the materials.

It should be noted that the speed of the vortex-shaped material in the lower half section of the heating cavity 30 is 1.5m/S, and the speed of the vortex-shaped material when reaching the upper half section of the heating cavity 30 is 1m/S, and the flow path of the vortex-shaped material in the heating cavity 30 is 2h, so that the material can be uniformly calcined, and the amorphous carbon can be uniformly coated on the surface of the material.

Furthermore, the second tail gas can also be used as a protective atmosphere in the carbonization process, so that the oxidation of materials in the carbonization process can be reduced, the nitrogen consumption is reduced, and the cost is reduced; the utilization rate of the second tail gas can be improved, the waste of resources is reduced, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are realized.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas treatment device 7 primarily utilizes the reaction between limestone and sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing gases to purify the flue gas. In some embodiments, the feed inlet of the flue gas treatment device 7 is communicated with the limestone feed device 70 and the oxygen supplementing device 72, that is, the limestone is supplemented by the limestone feed device 70, and the oxygen supplementing device 72 is used for supplementing oxygen, so that the reaction between the flue gas and the limestone is fully performed, the flue gas treatment device 7 is further provided with an oil temperature heating system 71, and the materials are heated by the oil temperature heating system, so that the reaction efficiency can be improved, and the reaction is fully performed.

The lower part of the flue gas treatment device 7 is provided with a water cooling system, and the water cooling system 73 is used for cooling the reacted materials. The bottom of the flue gas treatment device 7 is provided with a solid-gas separation device 74, and the solid-gas separation device 74 is used for separating the reacted solid waste from the second tail gas. Further, the solid-gas separation device 74 is provided with a solid waste discharge port 75, and an exhaust port of the solid-gas separation device 74 is communicated with the nozzle 9 on the heating furnace through an exhaust pipe. In the actual use process, part of the second tail gas is conveyed into the nozzle 9 of the heating hearth through the exhaust pipeline by the oxygen filtering treatment device 76 and the smoke reflux fan 77, and the rest part is exhausted by the fan.

Specifically, limestone is added into the flue gas treatment device 7 through the limestone feeding device 70, the flue gas generated in the carbonization process is conveyed into the flue gas treatment device 7 through a flue gas discharge pipeline, and then is mixed with limestone and excessive oxygen added by the oxygen supplementing device 72, and NO in the flue gas is heated by the oil temperature heating system 71 _x With SO _x The solid calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate are formed through reaction, cooled by a water cooling system 73 and enter a solid-gas separation device 74, at the moment, the solid calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate are discharged through a solid waste discharge port 75, the treated second tail gas is conveyed to an oxygen filtering treatment device 76 through an exhaust port of the solid-gas separation device 74 at the bottom of a flue gas treatment device 7, the oxygen filtering treatment device 76 is provided with an oxygen content detector, and when the oxygen content detector detects that the oxygen in the flue gas exceeds the standard, the oxygen filtering treatment device 76 is used for filtering the flue gas; when the oxygen content detector detects that the oxygen in the flue gas reaches the standard, the obtained second tail gas with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm and the obtained second tail gas with the temperature lower than 200 ℃ are conveyed into a plurality of nozzles 9 at the bottom of the outer shell through an exhaust pipeline, and the second tail gas with the oxygen content of 100ppm is mixed with the material through the nozzles 9 to form a vortex-shaped material, so that the material can be slowly calcined at 1100-1300 ℃, and the amorphous carbon can be uniformly coated on the surface of the material.

Furthermore, the second tail gas which is treated by the flue gas treatment device 7 and has the oxygen content lower than 100ppm is introduced into the heating cavity 30 and can also be used as a protective atmosphere in the carbonization process, so that the oxidation of materials in the carbonization process can be reduced, the nitrogen use amount is reduced, and the cost is reduced; the utilization rate of tail gas can be improved, the waste of resources is reduced, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are realized.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a material carbonization and cooling process of a carbonization device provided by the embodiment of the utility model, as shown in fig. 5, a feeding device 1 adds a premixed cladding material 11 into a heating cavity 30 of a heating hearth 3 through a feeding pipe 2, meanwhile, a low-temperature first tail gas 12 enters a third smoke inlet 39 of a fire channel 32 through a low-temperature smoke tube 641 to preheat the material, a second tail gas 13 with oxygen content lower than 100ppm is conveyed into a plurality of nozzles 9 at the bottom of an outer shell of the heating hearth 3 through an exhaust pipeline, the second tail gas 13 with oxygen content of 100ppm is mixed with the material entering the heating cavity 30 through a feeding hole at the bottom of the heating hearth 3 through the nozzles 9 to form vortex-shaped materials, so that the material can be slowly calcined at 1100-1300 ℃, the amorphous carbon can be uniformly clad on the surface of the material, the material in the heating cavity 30 is calcined for 2 hours to form a carbonized qualified product, the product reaches a cooling hearth 5 after being subjected to steady flow and speed reduction through a transition hearth 4, a plurality of second guide plates 52 arranged on the inner wall of a cooling cavity 50 of the cooling hearth 5, the material is formed into a vortex flow of 1m/s in the cooling cavity 50, the material is cooled to be cooled to the temperature of the cooling hearth 5 through a water cooling system at the temperature of the cooling hearth 5 to the temperature of the middle part of the cooling hearth 5, and the cooling oil is cooled by a cooling system of the cooling part of the cooling hearth 5 to the cooling water cooling part of the cooling hearth 5 to the cooling part of the cooling air of the cooling hearth 5 to the cooling air 55 ℃ and the cooling part of the cooling hearth 5 is cooled by the cooling air system of the cooling air 5, and the material is cooled by the cooling part of the cooling system of the cooling air 5, and the cooling medium is cooled by the cooling medium 5, and the material is cooled by the cooling medium, and the material is cooled by the air and the air.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system of a carbonization device provided by the embodiment of the utility model, as shown in fig. 6, a cooling hearth 5 and a flue gas treatment device 7 of the utility model are all provided with cooling systems, the cooling system of the tar treatment device 6 is connected with the cooling system of the cooling hearth 5 and the flue gas treatment device 7 through cooling pipelines, the cooling hearth 5 is connected with the cooling system of the flue gas treatment device 7 through cooling pipelines to form a closed cooling circulation system, the surfaces of the cooling circulation system, which are covered on the tar treatment device 6, the cooling hearth 5 and the flue gas treatment device 7, are in a full wall-mounted structure, are arranged in a serpentine sequence large-pitch and large-pipe type row spacing structure, the outer side is provided with a heat preservation layer to reduce scalding, and the heat of the cooling hearth 5 and the flue gas treatment device 7 can be utilized maximally by internal circulation, so that the consumption of energy sources is saved.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A carbonization device, characterized in that it comprises: the device comprises a feeding device (1), a heating hearth (3), a transition hearth (4), a cooling hearth (5), a tar processing device (6) and a flue gas processing device (7);

the feeding device (1) is connected with a feeding port of the heating hearth (3);

the heating hearth (3) comprises an outer shell, the outer shell comprises an outer heat-insulating layer (31) and an inner heating layer (33), the inner heating layer (33) forms a heating cavity (30), a flame path (32) is formed between the outer heat-insulating layer (31) and the inner heating layer (33), a plurality of first guide plates (34) are arranged on the inner wall, close to the heating cavity (30), of the inner heating layer (33), and the plurality of first guide plates (34) are arranged at intervals along the central line of the heating hearth (3) in a spiral mode;

a discharge hole at the top of the heating hearth (3) is connected with a feed hole at the top of the cooling hearth (5), and a material collecting hole (51) is formed in the bottom of the cooling hearth (5);

an exhaust port (35) of the heating hearth (3) is communicated with a flame path (32) of the heating hearth (3) through the tar processing device (6);

the flame path (32) is communicated with the heating cavity (30) through the flue gas treatment device (7).

2. A carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that,

the flame path (32) is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, wherein the caliber of the upper half section is larger than that of the lower half section; and/or

The top of the heating hearth (3) is provided with a filtering device (8), the filtering device (8) is used for filtering flue gas, and the filtering device (8) comprises a vibration cleaning component; and/or

The inner wall of the inner heating layer is provided with a wear-resistant layer.

3. The carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tar processing apparatus (6) comprises a tar decomposing apparatus (61), a primary processing portion (62), a secondary processing portion (63) and a tertiary processing portion (64) which are sequentially communicated, wherein a smoke outlet of the primary processing portion (62) is communicated with a first smoke inlet (37) of the flame path (32) through a high-temperature smoke pipe (621), a smoke outlet of the secondary processing portion (63) is communicated with a second smoke inlet (38) of the flame path (32) through a medium-temperature smoke pipe (631), and a smoke outlet of the tertiary processing portion (64) is communicated with a third smoke inlet (39) of the flame path (32) through a low-temperature smoke pipe (641).

4. A carbonization device according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper part of the flame path (32) is provided with flame nozzles (36) arranged circumferentially at intervals, the flame nozzles (36) being used for igniting the flue gases introduced into the flame path through the first smoke inlet (37), the second smoke inlet (38) and the third smoke inlet (39); and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the high-temperature smoke pipe (621), the medium-temperature smoke pipe (631) and the low-temperature smoke pipe (641) are respectively provided with a temperature detection device and a fan, the temperature detection devices are used for detecting whether the smoke meets the temperature requirement, and the fans are used for pumping the smoke meeting the temperature requirement into the flame path (32).

5. Carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust opening at the bottom of the flue gas treatment device (7) communicates via an exhaust duct with a plurality of nozzles (9) at the bottom of the outer housing, through which nozzles (9) are inserted into the heating chamber (30).

6. Carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent first deflectors (34) is 500-800 mm; and/or the material of the first guide plate (34) is wear-resistant material.

7. Carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition furnace (4) is provided with a heat insulating layer, the feed opening of the transition furnace (4) being higher than the discharge opening of the transition furnace (4).

8. The carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling hearth (5) comprises a housing and a cooling cavity (50) located inside the housing, wherein a plurality of second guide plates (52) are mounted on the inner wall of the housing close to the cooling cavity (50), and the plurality of second guide plates (52) are arranged at intervals along the center line of the cooling hearth (5); the cooling furnace is characterized in that an oil cooling system (53) is arranged on the upper portion of the cooling furnace (5), a water cooling system (54) is arranged in the middle of the cooling furnace (5), and a cooling fan (55) is arranged on the lower portion of the cooling furnace (5).

9. Carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air outlet below the cooling furnace (5) is provided with a negative pressure filter device (56), which negative pressure filter device (56) communicates with the air inlet of the flue gas treatment device (7).

10. The carbonization device according to claim 5, characterized in that the feed inlet of the flue gas treatment device (7) is communicated with a limestone feed device (70) and an oxygen supplementing device (72), the bottom of the flue gas treatment device is communicated with a solid-gas separation device (74), the exhaust outlet of the solid-gas separation device (74) is communicated with a nozzle (9) on the heating hearth, and the solid-gas separation device (74) is also provided with a solid waste discharge outlet.