CN219947833U - Vehicle and thermal management system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of thermal management of vehicles, in particular to a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof, and aims to solve the problems of energy waste and complex structure of the existing whole vehicle thermal management system. To this end, the vehicle of the thermal management system of the vehicle of the present utility model comprises a battery system, an electric drive system, and an air conditioning system, the thermal management system comprising: a heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchange channel capable of forming a first circuit with a heat pipe channel of the air conditioning system and a second heat exchange channel capable of forming a second circuit with a heat pipe channel of the battery system; the electric drive system comprises a charger, a driving motor and an electric heat dissipation device, wherein a third loop is formed by a heat pipeline channel of the charger, a heat pipeline channel of the driving motor and a heat pipeline channel of the electric heat dissipation device; and a switching valve through which the second circuit and the third circuit can communicate.

Description

Vehicle and thermal management system thereof

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of thermal management of vehicles, in particular to a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof.

Background

Under the situation that the electric automobile is accepted and used by more and more users, the improvement of the use experience of the users and the guarantee of the running performance of the automobile are main directions of automobile development, so that the energy of the whole electric automobile is comprehensively managed, and the efficient utilization of the electric automobile is realized.

Existing vehicles include air conditioning systems, battery systems, and electric drive systems. The air conditioning system is used for adjusting the temperature in the cabin, providing a comfortable environment temperature for the driver and passengers, and consuming a large amount of energy; in order to ensure the running performance of the vehicle, the power battery of the vehicle needs a proper temperature range to ensure that the power battery can stably supply power, and therefore, the power battery has a temperature regulation requirement; the drive motor in the electric drive system generates a large amount of heat in the process of outputting energy. The various systems are independent of each other and, by way of example, existing thermal management systems tend to equip power cells with specialized temperature regulating devices.

However, the thermal management between the air conditioning system, the battery system, and the electric drive system of the vehicle is independent of each other, and heat exchange between the systems cannot be achieved. On the one hand, an independent temperature regulating device needs to be provided for the battery system, and on the other hand, waste heat generated by the electric drive system needs to be dissipated through an electric dissipation heater, so that energy is wasted.

On the other hand, the existing air conditioning system often needs a plurality of control valves to realize flow rate control of the refrigerant and distribution of cold energy, has a complex structure, and also can influence the arrangement of components and the control of the refrigerant.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a new solution to the above-mentioned problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve a part of the technical problems, namely the problem of energy waste of the existing whole vehicle thermal management system to a certain extent.

In a first aspect, the present utility model provides a thermal management system for a vehicle including a battery system, an electric drive system, and an air conditioning system, the thermal management system comprising: a heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchange channel capable of forming a first circuit with a heat pipe channel of the air conditioning system and a second heat exchange channel capable of forming a second circuit with a heat pipe channel of the battery system; the electric drive system comprises a charger, a driving motor and an electric heat dissipation device, wherein a third loop is formed by the charger, the driving motor and a heat pipeline channel of the electric heat dissipation device; and a switching valve through which the second circuit and the third circuit can communicate.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the switching valve can be used for connecting the second loop and the third loop in series, and carrying waste heat generated by the electric drive system to the battery system so as to heat the power battery. The switching valve can switch different connection modes, and the flow direction and the flow rate of the cooling liquid are adjusted to realize heat exchange, so that a thermal management system of the vehicle is adjusted to realize heating and cooling of the power battery, cooling of the electric drive and refrigerating and heating modes of the passenger cabin.

Specifically, the heat management system does not need to be provided with an independent heating component for the power battery, but heats the power battery through waste heat generated by the electric drive system, so that the structure of the heat management system is simplified, the weight of the whole vehicle is reduced, the heating component of the power battery is not required to be supplied, the power consumption of the battery system is reduced, and the cruising mileage of the vehicle is effectively prolonged.

On the other hand, the heat exchanger realizes the heat exchange of the first loop and the second loop, the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger can absorb the cold energy of the refrigerant in the first loop, and then the cold energy is transferred to the second loop through the contact with the second heat exchange channel, so that the power battery is cooled.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, the components on the thermal pipeline of the air conditioning system comprise a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the expansion valve controls the refrigerant flow of the first loop, specifically, strictly controls the flow resistance and the performance parameters of the evaporator and the heat exchanger, and is matched with the expansion valve with high precision. After the refrigerant is supercooled and refrigerated through the condenser, the flow of the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator and the heat exchanger is regulated under the action of the expansion valve, wherein the superheat degree of the outlet of the heat exchanger is larger than that of the outlet of the evaporator.

It will be appreciated that in the case where one of the evaporator and the heat exchanger is operated alone, the other may be regarded as a connecting line.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, the switching valve is a four-way valve.

In the case of the above-described technical solution, a specific construction of the switching valve is provided.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, the four-way valve is provided with a first valve port, a second valve port, a third valve port and a fourth valve port, the battery system comprises a power battery, and the second loop independently operates under the condition that the first valve port and the second valve port are communicated so as to cool the power battery.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, a specific connection form of the valve port of the four-way valve is provided. Multiple modes of the thermal management system can be operated by flexible switching of the first, second, third and fourth ports of the four-way valve.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, the battery system further comprises a first water pump and a power battery, wherein the first water pump, the thermal pipeline channel of the power battery, the second heat exchange channel and the four-way valve form the second loop under the condition that the first valve port and the second valve port are communicated.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, under the action of the heat exchanger, the cooling capacity of the cooling liquid is transferred from the first heat exchange channel to the second heat exchange channel, and the cooling liquid reaches the power battery through the second loop, so that the cooling function of the power battery is realized.

The first water pump can control the flow and the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the second loop, specifically, the cooling liquid is transferred to the power battery from the heat exchanger to realize the transfer of cold energy, and the larger the flow of the cooling liquid is, the larger the flow in the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger is, the larger the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is, so that a better cooling effect is generated on the power battery.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, under the condition that the third valve port and the fourth valve port are communicated, the third loop independently operates so as to be capable of cooling the electric drive system.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, a specific connection form of the valve port of the four-way valve is provided.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, the electric drive system further comprises a second water pump and an expansion kettle, wherein the third loop is formed by the heat pipe channel of the charger, the heat pipe channel of the driving motor, the four-way valve, the heat pipe channel of the electric drive radiator, the expansion kettle and the second water pump under the condition that the third valve port and the fourth valve port are communicated.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the alternating-current charger and the driving motor can generate a large amount of heat under the working state, under the condition of the third loop operation, the heat is transferred to the electric heat dissipation device through flowing cooling liquid, heat dissipation is realized through heat exchange between the electric heat dissipation device and air, and the purpose of rapid heat dissipation can be realized through accelerating air circulation.

The second water pump can control the flow direction and flow rate of the cooling liquid refrigerant in the third loop, specifically, the heat dissipation efficiency of the driving motor in the third loop can be adjusted by changing the flow rate of the cooling liquid, and the driving motor can be cooled rapidly.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, under the condition that the second valve port is communicated with the third valve port, a heat pipe passage of the charger, a heat pipe passage of the driving motor, the four-way valve, the first water pump, a heat pipe passage of the power battery and the second water pump form a fourth loop, so that the power battery can be heated.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, a specific connection form of the valve port of the four-way valve is provided.

In the technical scheme of the thermal management system, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, a spiral plate heat exchanger, a plate-fin heat exchanger or a plate shell heat exchanger.

With the above technical solution, a possible structural form of the heat exchanger is given.

In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchanger may also be a spiral plate heat exchanger, a plate fin heat exchanger, a plate shell heat exchanger, or the like, and can be applied to the present utility model as long as two heat exchanging pipes capable of being connected to the heat managing pipe are provided to realize the heat exchanging function.

In a second aspect, the utility model provides a vehicle comprising a thermal management system according to any one of the above aspects.

It will be appreciated that the vehicle has all of the technical effects of the thermal management system of the vehicle as described in any one of the preceding claims and will not be described in detail herein.

Drawings

The preferred embodiments of the utility model will be described below by taking a heat exchanger as an example of a plate heat exchanger in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a thermal management system of a vehicle in accordance with one embodiment of the utility model;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery system and an air conditioning system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electric drive system of a vehicle in accordance with one embodiment of the present utility model; and

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery system and an electric drive system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

List of reference numerals

101. A compressor; 102. a condenser; 103. an expansion valve; 104. a blower; 105. an evaporator; 106. a high pressure air heater; 107. a plate heat exchanger;

111. a cooling fan;

121. a first pressure sensor; 122. a second pressure sensor;

131. a first temperature sensor; 132. a second temperature sensor;

201. a first water pump; 202. a power battery; 203. a four-way valve;

301. an expansion kettle; 302. a second water pump; 303. an AC charger; 304. a driving motor; 305. an electric heat spreader;

311. and a third temperature sensor.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. For example, although the plate heat exchanger is used in the heat exchanger of the present embodiment, this is not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model, and one skilled in the art may also change the plate heat exchanger to a tube heat exchanger or the like without departing from the principle of the present utility model.

It should be noted that, in the description of the present utility model, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected, can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can also be communicated with the inside of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.

The vehicle mainly comprises an air conditioning system, an electric drive system and a battery system, and the heat management system can be used for adjusting and distributing heat of the system. The air conditioning system is mainly used for heating, refrigerating and demisting a driving cabin of the automobile. The electric drive system comprises a drive motor for driving the electric automobile to walk and an electronic element for controlling the running state of the drive motor, and a large amount of heat is often generated when the drive motor works, so that the drive motor needs to be cooled. The battery system comprises a power battery and electronic components for controlling the operating state of the power battery, and the temperature of the power battery needs to be regulated to a reasonable temperature interval during the operation process, so that the power battery has the requirements of heating and cooling. Under the condition that the working temperature of a certain system is high, heat of the system is transferred to a movable part or a driving cabin to be heated through a cooling medium, and energy can be recycled, so that energy is saved, and a larger endurance mileage is achieved.

Referring first to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the utility model. As shown in fig. 1, the vehicle includes an air conditioning system, an electric drive system, and a battery system (not shown). The air conditioning system mainly includes a compressor 101, a condenser 102, an evaporator 105, a blower 104 for blowing air to the cabin, a high-pressure air heater 106 capable of directly heating air to the cabin, and a plate heat exchanger 107. Specifically, the compressor 101, the condenser 102, the electronic expansion valve 103, the evaporator 105, and the first heat exchanging passage of the plate heat exchanger 107 form a first circuit, and the compressor 101.

The air blower 104, the evaporator 105 and the high-pressure air heater 106 together form an air conditioner main unit assembly, and the air blower 104 can blow air heated by the high-altitude air supply heater 106 or cooled by heat exchange with the evaporator into the driving cabin, so that the heat supply and refrigeration requirements of the driving cabin are met.

In order to precisely realize the temperature adjustment of the cabin, the evaporator 105 and the high-pressure air heater 106 are respectively provided with a first temperature sensor 131 and a second temperature sensor 132, by which the temperature of the wind blown to the cabin can be precisely controlled in the air-conditioning cooling mode and the heating mode.

In addition, since the refrigerant in the thermal management system has a high operating frequency and some refrigerants have the characteristic of inflammability and explosiveness, a first pressure sensor 121 and a second pressure sensor 122 are respectively disposed near the compressor 101 and the condenser 102, so as to detect the amount of the refrigerant in the first circuit and the operating condition of the compressor 101 according to the pressure of the refrigerant, thereby protecting the related parts of the first circuit. When the pressure of the refrigerant is high, the capacitance capacity of the pressure sensor is small, and when the pressure is low, the capacitance capacity of the capacitor is large.

In an alternative embodiment, the positions of the parts may be adjusted appropriately, and parts may be added to the circuit, without affecting the working effect and ensuring the safety of the circuit. Illustratively, a first pressure sensor 121 is disposed at the upstream end of the compressor 101, a second pressure sensor 122 is disposed at the upstream end of the condenser 102, and a pressure sensor may be added near the downstream end of the compressor 101 for observing the pressure in the circuit between the compressor 101 and the condenser 102 due to the greater pressure in the circuit between the compressor 101 and the condenser 102.

The expansion valve 103 controls the flow rate of the refrigerant of the entire first circuit, specifically, the flow resistance and performance parameters of the evaporator 105 and the plate heat exchanger 107, and performs high-precision matching with the expansion valve 103. After the refrigerant is supercooled and refrigerated through the condenser 102, the flow of the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator 105 and the plate heat exchanger 107 is regulated under the action of the expansion valve 103, wherein the superheat degree of the outlet of the plate heat exchanger 107 is more than or equal to that of the evaporator 105 and that of the expansion valve 103.

The battery system mainly comprises a first water pump 201, a power battery 202, a plate heat exchanger 107 and a four-way valve 203. In the figure, the lower valve port of the four-way valve 203 is a first valve port, and the other valve ports are a second valve port, a third valve port and a fourth valve port in anticlockwise order. In the case where the first valve port and the second valve port are communicated, the first water pump 201, the power cell 202, the second heat exchanging channel of the plate heat exchanger 107, the four-way valve 203, and the first water pump 201 form a second circuit. Under the action of the plate heat exchanger 107, the cooling capacity is transferred from the refrigerant in the first heat exchange channel to the cooling liquid in the second heat exchange channel, and the cooling liquid reaches the power battery 202 through the second loop, so that the power battery 202 is heated. In the second circuit, the flow rate of the cooling liquid is regulated by the first water pump 201, the faster the flow rate of the cooling liquid, the faster the heat exchange frequency of the plate heat exchanger 107.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery system and an air conditioning system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 2, the distribution of the cooling capacity in the first circuit is controlled by the air volume of the blower 104 and the water flow rate of the plate heat exchanger 107. The cooling capacity required by the driving cabin is regulated by the air quantity of the air blower 104, the flow direction of the second heat exchange channel of the plate heat exchanger 107 can be changed by regulating the first water pump 201, and the heat exchange efficiency of the first loop and the second loop is regulated, so that the temperature of the battery system is controlled, and the power battery is cooled.

Referring now to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric drive system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 3, the electric drive system mainly comprises an expansion kettle 301, a second water pump 302, an alternating current charger 303, a driving motor 304, a four-way valve 203 and an electric heat dissipater 305. In the case where the third valve port and the fourth valve port are communicated, the expansion tank 301, the second water pump 302, the ac charger 303, the driving motor 304, the four-way valve 203, the electric heat dissipation device 305, and the expansion tank 301 form a third circuit. Wherein a third temperature sensor 311 is provided at the upstream end of the ac charger 303. The ac charger 303 and the driving motor 304 generate a large amount of heat in an operating state, and the heat is transferred to the electric heat dissipation device 305 by the cooling liquid to dissipate the heat. In addition, the electric radiator 305 can exchange heat with the condenser 102, and the cooling fan 111 can accelerate the heat exchange between the electric radiator 305 and the air, so as to achieve the purpose of radiating the heat for the driving motor 304 and the ac charger 303. The flow rate and the flow direction of the cooling liquid are both regulated by the second water pump 302, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the driving motor 304 in the third loop is regulated by changing the flow rate of the cooling liquid, so that the driving motor 304 is cooled.

Referring finally to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery system and an electric drive system of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 4, in the case of communication in which the second port and the third port of the four-way valve 203 are communicated, the first water pump 201, the power battery 202, the second water pump 302, the ac charger 303, the driving motor 304, the four-way valve 203, and the first water pump 201 form a fourth circuit. In the case of the fourth circuit operation, the first water pump 201 and the second water pump 302 regulate the flow rate and the flow direction of the fourth circuit cooling liquid, and in the process of the cooling liquid flow, waste heat generated by the driving motor 304 and the ac charger 303 in the operating state is brought to the power battery 202, thereby heating the power battery 202.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present utility model, whether the thermal management system operates in the electric drive cooling mode, the battery heating mode, or the battery cooling mode under the adjustment of the four-way valve 203, the first loop formed by the air conditioning system is not affected, and the cooling mode or the heating mode for the cabin can be freely switched and adjusted. The above modes of operation may be combined as desired by those skilled in the art.

It can be seen that in the thermal management system of the utility model, the electric drive system and the battery system are connected in series through the four-way valve, and waste heat generated by the electric drive system is conveyed to the battery system, so that the heating of the power battery is realized; the plate heat exchanger realizes heat exchange of the first loop and the second loop, the first heat exchange channel of the plate heat exchanger can absorb the cold energy of the cooling liquid in the first loop, and then the cold energy is transferred into the second loop through contact with the second heat exchange channel, so that the power battery is cooled; the four-way valve can switch different connecting valve ports, and can adjust the flow direction and flow of the cooling medium to realize heat exchange, so as to adjust the thermal management system of the vehicle to realize the heating and cooling of the power battery, the cooling of the electric drive and the cooling and heating modes of the passenger cabin.

Further, the power battery is heated by waste heat generated by the electric drive system, so that an independent heating component is not required to be arranged on the power battery, the structure of the thermal management system is simplified, the weight of the whole vehicle is reduced, the heating component is not required to be supplied with power, the power consumption of the battery system is reduced, and the endurance mileage of the vehicle is effectively prolonged.

Thus far, the technical solution of the present utility model has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present utility model is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present utility model, and such modifications and substitutions will fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A thermal management system for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle includes a battery system, an electric drive system, and an air conditioning system,

the thermal management system includes:

a heat exchanger comprising a first heat exchange channel capable of forming a first circuit with a heat pipe channel of the air conditioning system and a second heat exchange channel capable of forming a second circuit with a heat pipe channel of the battery system;

the electric drive system comprises a charger, a driving motor and an electric heat dissipation device, wherein a third loop is formed by a heat pipeline channel of the charger, a heat pipeline channel of the driving motor and a heat pipeline channel of the electric heat dissipation device;

and a switching valve through which the second circuit and the third circuit can communicate.

2. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the components on the thermal circuit path of the air conditioning system comprise a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator.

3. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the switching valve is a four-way valve.

4. The thermal management system of claim 3, wherein the four-way valve has a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port, the battery system comprises a power cell,

wherein, under the condition that the first valve port and the second valve port are communicated, the second loop independently operates so as to cool the power battery.

5. The thermal management system of claim 4, wherein said battery system further comprises a first water pump,

and under the condition that the first valve port and the second valve port are communicated, the first water pump, the heat pipe channel of the power battery, the second heat exchange channel and the four-way valve form the second loop.

6. The thermal management system of claim 5, wherein with the third valve port and the fourth valve port in communication, the third circuit operates independently to enable cooling of the electric drive system.

7. The thermal management system of claim 6, wherein said electric drive system further comprises a second water pump, an expansion kettle,

and under the condition that the third valve port and the fourth valve port are communicated, a heat pipeline channel of the charger, a heat pipeline channel of the driving motor, the four-way valve, a heat pipeline channel of the electric drive radiator, the expansion kettle and the second water pump form a third loop.

8. The thermal management system of claim 7, wherein, in the event that the second valve port and the third valve port are in communication,

the heat pipe channel of the charger, the heat pipe channel of the driving motor, the four-way valve, the first water pump, the heat pipe channel of the power battery and the second water pump form a fourth loop, so that the power battery can be heated.

9. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, a spiral plate heat exchanger, a plate fin heat exchanger, or a plate shell heat exchanger.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a thermal management system of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9.