CN219936980U - Fuse protector - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a fuse which extends along the longitudinal direction and comprises a first terminal, a second terminal and a melt, wherein the first terminal, the second terminal and the melt are made of non-tin metal materials, the melt is arranged between the first terminal and the second terminal in the longitudinal direction, at least a first row of through holes and a second row of through holes which are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction are arranged on a body of the melt in a penetrating way, a first row of narrow diameters are provided on the body along the orientation of the first row of through holes, a second row of narrow diameters are provided on the body along the orientation of the second row of through holes, the total cross section area of each narrow diameter in the first row of narrow diameters is A1 and A2 respectively, the tin materials are filled in each through hole in the first row of through holes so that the longitudinal section spanned by the first row of through holes on the body extends continuously, and the total cross section area of tin filled in each through hole in the first row of through holes is A3, and A1+A3> A2. The fuse with the configuration can distinguish between large current and small current at different breaking positions.

Description

Fuse protector

Technical Field

The present utility model relates to fuses, and more particularly to melts for fuses.

Background

A fuse is a component that melts a melt by heat generated by the fuse after a current exceeds a predetermined value for a certain period of time or mechanically breaks the melt, thereby breaking a circuit to protect equipment, instruments, and the like in the circuit. The rated voltage of the current fuse applied to the electric automobile is generally 70V or below, the breaking capacity is generally 6KA or below and the current fuse is mostly in a part of protection range. With the rapid development of the electric automobile industry, more and higher requirements are put on fuses for protecting power distribution systems, and the fuses are required to have large breaking (8 kA) full-range (gR) protection capability at higher voltage (150V), so that the protection requirements of different loads under various working conditions are met.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the utility model provides a fuse, which achieves the technical effect of distinguishing large current from small current at different breaking positions by providing two rows of different designed narrow diameters.

The utility model provides a fuse which extends in a longitudinal direction and comprises a first terminal, a second terminal and a melt which are made of non-tin metal materials, wherein the melt is arranged between the first terminal and the second terminal in the longitudinal direction, and is characterized in that a first row of through holes and a second row of through holes which are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction are at least arranged in a penetrating way from the upper side surface to the lower side surface of the body of the melt, so that a first row of narrow diameters are provided on the body along the orientation of the first row of through holes, and a second row of narrow diameters are provided on the body along the orientation of the second row of through holes, the total cross section area of each narrow diameter in the first row of narrow diameters is A1, the total cross section area of each narrow diameter in the second row of narrow diameters is A2, and the fuse is further provided with tin materials which are filled in each through hole in the first row of through holes, so that a longitudinal section spanned by the first row of through holes extends continuously, and the total cross section area of tin materials filled in each through hole in the first row of through holes is A3+A3.

Preferably, a third row of through holes is further opened in the body of the melt, a third row of slots is further provided in the body in the orientation of the third row of through holes, the first row of slots is positioned between the second row of slots and the third row of slots, the longitudinal spacing of the second row of slots from the first row of slots is equal to the longitudinal spacing of the third row of slots from the first row of slots, and the total cross-sectional area of each slot in the third row of slots is A4, a1+a3> A4.

Preferably, the first row of slots is positioned at a longitudinally intermediate position of the fuse, the third row of slots and the second row of slots being symmetrically arranged about the first row of slots.

Preferably, the first, second and third rows of slots include respective slots of the same row of slots that are of uniform transverse dimensions.

Preferably, the through holes included in the same row of through holes in the first row of through holes, the second row of through holes, and the third row of through holes are uniform in shape and size and are arranged at equal intervals in the lateral direction.

Preferably, each via of the first row of vias is filled with the tin material.

Preferably, a coating of tin material is provided at the first row of the throat.

Preferably, A1 is greater than A2.

Preferably, the fuse further comprises an upper housing and a lower housing, each comprising two lateral side walls arranged opposite each other in the lateral direction, which are designed as arc-shaped walls.

Preferably, the first terminal, the second terminal and the melt are constructed as one piece.

Drawings

Embodiments of the apparatus of the present utility model are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a fuse according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first terminal, a second terminal, and a melt;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the first terminal, the second terminal, and the melt;

FIG. 4 is a partial top view of the first terminal, second terminal and melt;

FIG. 5A is a partial perspective view of the melt taken along line A-A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5B is a partial perspective view of the melt taken along line B-B in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of the tin-plated in the first via in FIG. 5B;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of tin coating at the first row of slots and the first row of through holes;

figure 8 is a side view of a fuse according to the present utility model.

List of reference numerals

1. A melt; 11. a first through hole; 12. a first throat; 13. a second through hole; 14. a second narrow diameter; 15. a third through hole; 16. a third narrow diameter; 2. a first terminal; 3. a second terminal; 4. an upper housing; 41. lateral side walls; 5. a lower housing; 6. a tin material; l is longitudinal; w is transverse.

Detailed Description

Referring now to the drawings, illustrative versions of the disclosed architecture are described in detail. Although the drawings are provided to present some embodiments of the utility model, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be exaggerated, removed, or partially sectioned to better illustrate and explain the present disclosure.

Certain directional terms used hereinafter to describe the drawings should be understood to have their normal meaning and refer to those directions which are involved in normal viewing of the drawings. Wherein "upper" and "lower" refer to upper and lower as viewed at the angle of fig. 3, longitudinal refers to the length direction of the object, and transverse refers to the width direction of the object, as particularly shown in fig. 3 and 4.

See fig. 1-8, particularly in combination with fig. 1, 2 and 8. The fuse is integrally constructed to extend in a longitudinal direction L, and includes a first terminal 2, a second terminal 3, and a melt 1 arranged between the first terminal 2 and the second terminal 3 in the longitudinal direction L. The longitudinal ends of the melt 1 are connected to the first terminal 2 and the second terminal 3, respectively, in an electrically connected manner, for example by melt soldering. In this context, it is preferred that the melt 1 is integrally formed with the first terminal 2 and the second terminal 3 from the same sheet. The melt 1 is generally made of a metallic material other than tin, preferably copper, zinc, silver, particularly preferably copper. The following describes an example in which the melt 1 is made of copper material.

The fuse further comprises an upper housing 4 and a lower housing 5 fixedly connected to each other from above and below the melt 1, respectively. Preferably the upper and lower housings are joined together by means of ultrasonic welding. The upper shell 4 and the lower shell 5 are respectively accommodated with materials such as quartz sand and the like so as to play a role in breaking an arc. The upper housing 4 has, for example, two lateral side walls 41 arranged opposite to each other in the lateral direction W, which lateral side walls 41 do not extend perpendicularly to the first terminal 2 and the second terminal 3 as in the prior art, but are designed to extend in an arc shape, so as to form arc walls. The lower housing 5 is also of the same design. The upper case 4 and the lower case 5 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first terminal 2 such that the arc-shaped wall of the lower case 5 is smoothly excessively engaged with the arc-shaped wall of the upper case 4 as shown in fig. 8. This design can improve the overall strength of the upper case 4 and the lower case 5, and further increase the volume of quartz sand at the lateral intermediate position of the case.

With continued reference to fig. 2-4, the melt 1 includes a body region, and various types of through holes, which will be described in greater detail below, are formed in the body of the melt 1. Two rows of through holes, namely a first row of through holes consisting of at least one first through hole 11 and a second row of through holes consisting of at least one second through hole 13, are arranged on the body of the melt 1 from the upper surface to the lower surface in a penetrating manner, and the first row of through holes and the second row of through holes are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction L.

In this context, it is preferable that the respective through holes included in the same row of through holes be uniform in shape and size for ease of processing. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that this is not necessarily so. Taking the first row of through holes as an example, the first through holes 11 included in the first row of through holes are not necessarily identical in shape, for example, a part may be circular and another part may be elliptical or other shaped holes. When the first through holes are all circular holes, the diameters of the respective circular holes are not necessarily identical to each other. It should be further noted that "the shapes and sizes of the individual vias included in the same row of vias are identical" is not limited to all vias having to be complete vias. As shown in fig. 4, it is also within the scope of the present utility model that the holes at the lateral ends of a row of through holes are part of a complete hole. In the example given in fig. 4, the first row of through holes may comprise 5 complete first through holes 11 and 2 half first through holes 11, and the second row of through holes may comprise 1 complete second through hole 13 and 2 partial second through holes 13.

It is well known to those skilled in the art that after locating each of the first row of through holes, a first row of slots is provided in the body of the melt 1 along the extension of the first row of through holes. In this context, a throat refers to a laterally narrowed section (not necessarily a laterally narrowest section) on the body, where the melt 1 will blow. The first through holes 11 included in the first row of through holes are arranged at intervals in the lateral direction W, and the laterally narrowed positions between the adjacent first through holes 11 form first narrow diameters 12. Referring to fig. 5B in combination, 6 first slots 12 are included in the example shown in fig. 4, the 6 first slots 12 forming a first row of slots. Although 6 first slots 12 are illustrated, the number of first slots 12 herein is not limited thereto.

Similarly, each of the second through holes 13 in the second row of through holes is spaced apart in the transverse direction W, and the laterally narrowed position between adjacent second through holes 13 forms a second throat 14. Referring to fig. 5A in combination, the example shown in fig. 4 includes 2 second throats 14 altogether, the 2 second throats 14 constituting a second row of throats. Although 2 second slots 14 are illustrated, the number of second slots is not limited thereto. Wherein the first row of slots and the second row of slots are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction L by a distance D1.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that while the slots are each shown in fig. 4 as being located at laterally spaced locations of adjacent through holes, this is not necessarily so. In the case that the lateral side of the body is a straight side (i.e. half or part of the through hole is not opened), the lateral spacing between the through hole closest to the lateral side and the lateral side may also constitute a throat.

Fig. 5B shows a partial perspective view of the melt 1 cut along line B-B of fig. 2, wherein the black solid portions represent cross-sections of the respective first throats 12. The total cross-sectional area of all of the first throats 12 included in the first row of throats is referred to herein as A1. Fig. 5A shows a partial perspective view of the melt 1 cut along line A-A of fig. 2, wherein the black solid portion represents a cross-section of each second throat 14, the total cross-sectional area of all second throats 14 included in the second row of throats being referred to herein as A2.

With further reference to fig. 4, the longitudinal section spanned by the first row of through holes (i.e. the section occupied in the longitudinal direction by the first through hole of greatest longitudinal dimension) is cut off in the transverse direction by the respective first through hole 11, thereby forming the respective first throat 12. Based on this, the melt 1 is further provided with a tin material 6. Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the tin material 6 is filled into each of the first through holes 11. The filling mode is as follows: after filling the respective first through holes with tin material, it is ensured that the longitudinal section spanned by the first row of through holes will again become a continuously extending section, i.e. no cut-off is present in this longitudinal section anymore, whereby no slit is present in any orientation.

To achieve this, the tin material 6 should cover at least the respective first through holes 11. Fig. 6 further shows a partial perspective view of the tin material 6 filled into the first through holes 11 on the basis of fig. 5B, the black solid portion in fig. 6 representing a cross section of the tin material 6 filled into each of the first through holes 11, and the total cross-sectional area of the tin material 6 filled into each of the first through holes 11 being referred to herein as A3. As can be seen from fig. 6, after filling the first through-hole 11 with tin material 6, the longitudinal section occupied by the first through-hole 11 again becomes continuously extended. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the case of smaller lateral dimensions of the first throat 12, for example, the tin material 6 does not have to completely fill the entire height of each first through hole 11 as shown in fig. 6. For example, the thickness of the tin material 6 may be only half the height of the first via 11.

At room temperature, the tin material 6 fills each first through hole 11 in a liquid state, but solidifies rapidly and exists in a solid state later, and melts again to start flowing after reaching its melting point. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the relative positions of the tin material with respect to the first through hole 11 described herein refer to the positions thereof in solid form, and the cross-sectional area of the tin material within the first through hole 11 also refers to the cross-sectional area thereof after solidification.

Referring to fig. 5A-6 in combination, the sum of the total cross-sectional area A1 of all (6) first throats 12 included in the first row of throats and the total cross-sectional area A3 of the tin material filled into each first through hole 11 is different from the total cross-sectional area A2 of all (2) second throats 14 included in the second row of throats. Specifically, a1+a3> A2, and particularly preferably a1> A2.

The purpose of this design is that when the fuse is subjected to a small multiple of current (2 In-2 rated current), the tin material filled In the first via 11 will have sufficient time and the copper material at the first throat 12 will have a metallurgical effect during this process, due to the long fusing time of the small multiple of current, thereby fusing the first row of throats. However, when the fuse is subjected to a large multiple of current (> 2In-8 KA), in view of the short pre-arc time of the large current, the tin material In the first through holes 11 does not have sufficient time to have a metallurgical effect with the copper material at the first narrow paths 12, in which case, since the first through holes 11 are already filled with tin, the first narrow paths 12 are not formed In between the first through holes 11, and the large current needs to be divided at the second narrow paths 14 (also at the third narrow paths 16 when the third row of narrow paths described In detail below is provided). In the melt 1 with the above configuration, the positions of the large current breaking and the small current breaking are different, the large current breaking is performed at the second row of narrow diameters, the small current breaking is performed at the first row of narrow diameters, and the design can simultaneously meet the breaking capacities of 2In and maximum 8 KA.

In addition, as A1+A3> A2, the resistance value at the first row of narrow paths is smaller than the resistance value at the second row of narrow paths, at this time, the temperature at the first row of narrow paths is lower, and the reasonable size design ensures that tin at the first row of narrow paths cannot be easily melted, so that the tin can be melted when reaching fault current, and the first row of narrow paths can be broken when reaching the fault current. If a1+a3< A2, the resistance value at the first row of slots will be greater than the resistance value at the second row of slots, the first row of slots will rapidly heat up, which will cause the tin material to melt without reaching the rated current, resulting in premature breakage of the entire fuse without reaching the rated current.

Preferably, in the case where the lateral dimension of the first throat 12 is relatively large, the tin material is filled into each of the first through holes, and even overflows the first through holes, to increase the amount of tin material. To further increase the reaction rate of the tin material with the copper material, the first row of slots may also be provided with a coating of tin material (e.g., on the upper and lower surfaces thereof), as shown in fig. 7.

Although the first row of slots is shown to the right and the second row of slots to the left in fig. 4, the first row of slots may be provided to the left where only the first and second rows of slots are provided.

Referring again to fig. 4, a third row of through holes consisting of at least one third through hole 15 is further opened in the body of the melt 1, whereby a third row of slits comprising at least one third slit 16 is further provided in the body of the melt 1 in the orientation of the third row of through holes. In fig. 4, 2 third narrow paths 16 are shown by way of example. In the case of providing the third row of through holes, the first row of through holes needs to be arranged between the second row of through holes and the third row of through holes, whereby the first row of narrow diameters are located between the second row of narrow diameters and the third row of narrow diameters. The third row of slots is longitudinally spaced from the first row of slots by a distance D2, d2=d1.

The total cross-sectional area of each third throat 16 in the third row of throats is referred to herein as A4, where a1+a3> A4.

In the case where the third row of through holes is provided, the first row of through holes is arranged at a longitudinally intermediate position of the entire fuse. The second row of through holes and the third row of through holes are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first row of through holes, thereby realizing that the first row of slots are arranged at a longitudinally intermediate position of the entire fuse, and the second row of slots and the third row of slots are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first row of slots, i.e. the configurations of the second row of slots and the third row of slots are identical and the distances from the first row of slots are equal.

The third row of slots has the same principle of action as the second row of slots, and can allow the fuse to be applied to a larger voltage (greater than 150V) and realize rapid breaking of the large voltage when the third row of slots is provided. In view of the symmetrical arrangement of the second and third rows of slots with respect to the first row of slots, the melt 1 will fuse simultaneously from the second and third slots 14, 16 when subjected to a large multiple of current.

In addition, it is preferable in this context that the through holes in the same row of through holes are arranged at equal intervals in the lateral direction, and in the case where the lateral side edge of the body is a straight side, the lateral distance between the through hole closest to the lateral side edge and the lateral distance between the other through holes are also equal, so that the lateral dimensions of the respective narrow diameters in the same row of narrow diameters are also uniform. With this configuration, each of the same row of slits can be broken at the same time when subjected to a fault current, which is advantageous in rapidly cutting off the arc formed by the upper case 4 and the lower case 5. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the lateral dimensions of the individual lanes in the same row of lanes may not be exactly the same.

Although the above preferred embodiments are proposed, the size, shape and position of each through hole are not limited herein, and thus the number of the narrow diameters included in each row of narrow diameters and the size of each narrow diameter are not limited, and as long as the conditions of a1+a3> A2 and a1+a3> A4 (when the third row of narrow diameters are provided) are satisfied, the technical effect of differentiating large current and small current from each other at different breaking positions by using the same fuse can be achieved, and thus, the arrangement manners of the first row of narrow diameters, the second row of narrow diameters and the third row of narrow diameters, which satisfy the above requirements, fall within the scope of protection herein.

Claims (10)

1. A fuse extending in a longitudinal direction and comprising a first terminal (2), a second terminal (3) and a melt (1) each made of a non-tin metal material, the melt (1) being arranged longitudinally between the first terminal (2) and the second terminal (3), characterized in that a first row of through holes and a second row of through holes arranged longitudinally at least through from an upper side to a lower side of the body of the melt (1) are provided so as to provide a first row of through holes on the body in an orientation of the first row of through holes and a second row of through holes on the body in an orientation of the second row of through holes, a total cross-sectional area of each of the first row of through holes being A1, a total cross-sectional area of each of the second row of through holes being A2, the fuse further having a tin material filled in each of the through holes in the first row of through holes so that a longitudinal section of the body spanned by the first row of through holes extends continuously, wherein the filled cross-sectional area of each of the through holes in the first row of through holes is A3 + A1.

2. The fuse of claim 1, wherein a third row of through holes is further opened in the body of the melt to further provide a third row of slots in the body in the orientation of the third row of through holes, the first row of slots being positioned between the second row of slots and the third row of slots, the second row of slots being longitudinally spaced from the first row of slots by a distance equal to the longitudinal spacing of the third row of slots from the first row of slots, the third row of slots each having a total cross-sectional area A4, a1+a3> A4.

3. The fuse of claim 2, wherein the first row of slots is positioned longitudinally intermediate the fuse, the third row of slots and the second row of slots being symmetrically arranged about the first row of slots.

4. The fuse of claim 3, wherein the first, second, and third rows of slots include respective slots of uniform transverse dimensions.

5. The fuse of claim 4, wherein the vias included in a same row of vias in the first, second, and third rows of vias are uniform in shape and size and are equally spaced in a lateral direction.

6. A fuse as claimed in any preceding claim, in which each via in the first row of vias is filled with the tin material.

7. The fuse of claim 6, wherein a coating of tin material is provided at the first row of slots.

8. A fuse as claimed in claim 3, wherein A1 is greater than A2.

9. The fuse of claim 1, further comprising an upper housing and a lower housing, each comprising two lateral side walls arranged laterally opposite each other, the lateral side walls being designed as arc-shaped walls.

10. The fuse of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first terminal, the second terminal, and the melt are constructed as a single piece.