CN219911333U - Hydraulic system and pressure pulse test device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of pressure pulse experimental equipment, and provides a hydraulic system and a pressure pulse experimental device, wherein the hydraulic system comprises: the device comprises a hydraulic pump, an oil inlet main path, an oil return main path, a high-pressure pump, an oil inlet branch path, a multi-way valve and an oil tank; the oil inlet main path is used for communicating the multi-way valve and the oil tank; the hydraulic pump is arranged in the oil inlet main path and used for pumping hydraulic oil in the oil tank to the multi-path valve; the oil return main path is connected with the multi-way valve and the oil tank and is used for returning oil; the oil inlet branch is connected in parallel with the oil inlet main path; the high-pressure pump is arranged on the oil inlet branch and used for pumping hydraulic oil to form a high-pressure source in combination with the hydraulic pump; the multi-way valve is connected to the element to be tested through a pipeline and used for adjusting the flow and the direction to form hydraulic pulse. The hydraulic pump and the high-pressure pump can be connected through relatively simple oil ways to form a high-pressure power source together by being matched with the hydraulic pump to pump hydraulic oil together, and the hydraulic pump and the high-pressure pump are not required to be connected with a booster cylinder through complex oil ways, gas ways and the like, so that the simplification of an oil way of a hydraulic system is realized.

Description

Hydraulic system and pressure pulse test device

Technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of pressure pulse experiment equipment, and in particular to a hydraulic system and a pressure pulse test device.

Background technique

A hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator that can convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and perform linear reciprocating motion. It is widely used in operating machinery such as excavators, cranes, and pump trucks. During the research and development stage and before leaving the factory, hydraulic cylinders need to carry out multiple performance tests such as trial operation, starting pressure characteristic tests, and pressure resistance tests. The various performances of hydraulic cylinders are generally tested through pressure pulse test devices.

In related technologies, pressure pulses of various waveforms and frequency bands are generally formed through the cooperation of hydraulic pumps, servo valves, reversing valves and other components.

In practical applications, in order to obtain a higher pressure source to meet the high power requirements of the pulse system of the component under test, the hydraulic system generally needs to connect the booster cylinder through complex oil circuits, making the overall hydraulic system more complex.

Utility model content

The utility model provides a hydraulic system and a pressure pulse test device to reduce the overall complexity of the hydraulic system in the prior art, thereby simplifying the oil circuit of the hydraulic system.

The utility model provides a hydraulic system, which includes: a hydraulic pump, a main oil inlet circuit, a main oil return circuit, a high-pressure pump, an oil inlet branch circuit and a multi-way valve;

The main oil inlet path is used to connect the multi-way valve and the oil tank;

The hydraulic pump is arranged on the main oil inlet path and is used to pump the hydraulic oil in the oil tank to the multi-way valve;

The main oil return path connects the multi-way valve and the oil tank and is used for oil return;

The oil inlet branch is connected in parallel to the oil inlet main line;

The high-pressure pump is provided in the oil inlet branch and is used to pump hydraulic oil in conjunction with the hydraulic pump to form a high-pressure source;

The multi-way valve is connected to the component under test through a pipeline and is used to adjust the flow size and direction to form a hydraulic pulse.

According to a hydraulic system provided by the utility model, the hydraulic system further includes an accumulator, and the accumulator is connected to the main oil inlet circuit.

According to a hydraulic system provided by the utility model, the main oil return path and the oil inlet branch path are connected through an oil return branch path that can be controlled on and off; when the high-pressure pump is turned off, the oil return branch path Connected to supply partial return hydraulic oil to the multi-way valve; when the high-pressure pump is turned on, the oil return branch is disconnected.

According to a hydraulic system provided by the utility model, a cartridge valve is provided on the oil inlet branch; the cartridge valve includes a control oil port, a bottom oil port and a side oil port; the control oil port and the The bottom oil port is connected through the damping hole on the valve core, and the control oil port and the bottom oil port are connected in series to the oil inlet branch; the side oil port is connected to the return oil branch through the oil return branch. The main oil circuit is connected. When there is no pressure in the control oil port, the side oil port and the bottom oil port are in a connected state.

According to a hydraulic system provided by the utility model, it also includes a relief valve; the oil inlet of the relief valve is connected to the control oil port of the cartridge valve, and the oil outlet is connected to the side of the cartridge valve. The oil port is connected. When the oil pressure reaches a predetermined value, the side oil ports of the relief valve and the cartridge valve are opened, allowing the hydraulic oil to return to the main oil return line.

According to the hydraulic system provided by the utility model, the hydraulic system further includes a cooling system for circulating and cooling the hydraulic oil in the oil tank.

According to a hydraulic system provided by the present invention, the cooling system includes a water cooling device, an air cooling device and a circulation pump connected through pipelines; the water cooling device and the air cooling device are connected in parallel.

The utility model also provides a pressure pulse test device, including the above-mentioned hydraulic system.

A pressure pulse test device provided according to the utility model also includes a positioning frame for installing the component to be tested;

The positioning frame includes:

A pair of mounting plates are arranged opposite each other. The pair of mounting plates are provided with corresponding shaft holes for allowing the pin shaft to pass through and position the component to be tested; more than two groups of the shaft holes are provided at intervals.

According to a pressure pulse test device provided by the utility model, the positioning frame further includes a positioning flange detachably connected to the mounting plate; a boss is formed at the center of the positioning flange and is provided with a through hole; When the positioning flange is connected to the connecting plate, the boss is correspondingly inserted into the shaft hole.

According to a pressure pulse test device provided by the utility model, the positioning frame further includes a connecting piece, and both ends of the connecting piece are respectively connected to a pair of the mounting plates.

According to a pressure pulse test device provided by the present invention, the connecting member includes a double-headed screw and a nut; the double-headed screw passes through the two mounting plates in sequence and is locked by the nut.

Beneficial effects:

1. By setting up a high-pressure pump, it can cooperate with the hydraulic pump to jointly pump hydraulic oil. The hydraulic pump and the high-pressure pump can jointly form a high-pressure power source through a relatively simple oil circuit, without the need for additional connections through complex oil circuits, gas circuits, etc. The pressure cylinder simplifies the oil circuit of the hydraulic system;

2. By properly setting the accumulator, the pulse frequency can be effectively increased, energy saved, and devices such as pipelines and multi-way valves protected;

3. Through the special positioning frame, the tested cylinders of different lengths can be reliably extended to the position where the two cavities have equal volumes, ensuring the load balance of the hydraulic circuit. At the same time, two or more tested products can be tested at the same time, improving test efficiency.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are: For some embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic system provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

Figure 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of the positioning frame provided by the embodiment of the present utility model;

Figure 3 is the second schematic diagram of the positioning frame provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference signs:

10. Hydraulic pump; 11. Main oil inlet line; 110. First valve; 111. First filter; 112. First connection point; 113. Second connection point; 114. First one-way valve; 115. No. 1. Pressure gauge; 116. First pressure sensor; 12. Main oil return line; 120. Second valve; 121. Second filter; 13. High-pressure pump; 14. Oil inlet branch; 140. Second one-way valve ; 141. Oil return branch; 142. Cartridge valve; 143. Relief valve; 144. Second pressure gauge; 145. Second pressure sensor; 15. Multi-way valve; 150. Third pressure gauge; 151. No. Three pressure sensors; 16. Oil tank; 160. Liquid level gauge; 161. Temperature sensor; 17. Accumulator; 18. Cooling system; 180. Circulation pump; 181. Water cooling device; 182. Air cooling device; 19. Positioning frame ; 190, mounting plate; 191, connecting piece; 192, positioning flange; 193, fixing piece; 194, pin.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are the embodiments of the present utility model. Some, not all, of the new embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

In order to facilitate the understanding of the hydraulic system and pressure pulse test device provided by this utility model, its application background is first explained. Many parts, such as various pipe fittings, connectors and hydraulic cylinders, need to pass various pressure tests during the research and development stage or before leaving the factory. Taking the hydraulic cylinder as an example, it is necessary to carry out multiple performance tests such as trial operation, starting pressure characteristic test, and pressure resistance test as required. The pressure pulse test device is a device used to carry out pressure pulse tests, which is formed through the internal hydraulic system. pressure pulse.

In related technologies, hydraulic systems generally include components such as hydraulic pumps, servo valves, and reversing valves. Through the cooperation of each component, pressure pulses of various waveforms and frequency bands are formed, which is suitable for testing different performances of hydraulic cylinders.

In order to obtain a higher pressure source to meet the high power requirements of the pulse system of the component under test, the hydraulic system generally needs to connect superchargers, booster cylinders and other boosting equipment through complex oil lines, making the overall hydraulic system more complex. Therefore, the utility model provides a hydraulic system and a pressure pulse test device, which can obtain a high-pressure power source through a relatively simple oil circuit connection, thereby simplifying the hydraulic system oil circuit.

The hydraulic system and pressure pulse test device of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figures 1-3.

Referring to Figure 1, a hydraulic system includes a hydraulic pump 10, a main oil inlet path 11, a main oil return path 12, a high-pressure pump 13, an oil inlet branch path 14 and a multi-way valve 15; wherein, the two main oil inlet paths 11 The two ends are connected to the oil tank 16 and the multi-way valve 15 respectively. The hydraulic pump 10 is arranged on the main oil inlet road 11 for pumping the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 16 to the multi-way valve 15. The multi-way valve 15 is connected to the device under test through a pipeline. Component, the flow size, pressure and flow direction of the hydraulic oil can be adjusted through the multi-way valve 15, thereby forming various waveforms of hydraulic pulses.

One end of the main oil return line 12 is connected to the oil return port of the multi-way valve 15, and the other end is connected to the oil tank 16 for oil return; the oil inlet branch 14 is set up in parallel with the main oil inlet line 11, and the high-pressure pump 13 is set up at the oil inlet. The branch circuit 14, through the high-pressure pump 13, can be combined with the hydraulic pump 10 to jointly pump hydraulic oil, thereby forming a high-pressure power source to meet the high power requirements of the pulse system for the component under test.

In practical applications, the hydraulic oil in the tank 16 can be pumped to the multi-way valve 15 through the hydraulic pump 10. By adjusting the flow size, pressure and flow direction of the multi-way valve 15, various waveforms of hydraulic pulses can be formed; high pressure The pump 13 can cooperate with the hydraulic pump 10 to jointly pump hydraulic oil. The two can jointly form a high-pressure power source through a relatively simple oil circuit, without the need to connect the booster cylinder through complex oil circuits, gas circuits, etc., thus realizing hydraulic pressure. Simplification of system oil circuit.

A first valve 110 and a first filter 111 are connected to the main oil inlet line 11 close to the oil tank 16; the first valve 110 is used to control the flow of the main oil inlet line 11; the first filter 111 is located at the first valve The downstream of 110 is used to filter the hydraulic oil pumped to the multi-way valve 15 to ensure the normal operation of the multi-way valve 15. Similarly, the main oil return line 12 is connected with a second valve 120 and a second filter 121 , where the second valve 120 is used to control the on/off of the main oil return line 12 , and the second filter 121 is located on the second valve 120 upstream, used to filter the returning hydraulic oil to prevent impurities from returning to the oil tank 16.

The oil inlet end of the oil inlet branch 14 is connected to the main oil inlet 11 to form a first connection point 112 located upstream. The oil outlet end of the oil inlet branch 14 is connected to the main oil inlet 11 to form a downstream connection point 112 . Second connection point 113. The first connection point 112 is located downstream of the first filter 111 and the hydraulic pump 10 is located between the first connection point 112 and the second connection point 113 .

When the hydraulic pump 10 and the high-pressure pump 13 are started at the same time, after the pumped hydraulic oil is filtered by the first filter 111, part of it passes through the main oil inlet line 11, and the other part passes through the oil inlet branch line 14. After the two parts of the hydraulic oil are collected, flows into the multi-way valve 15, thereby providing a high-pressure source.

In another embodiment, the oil inlet end of the oil inlet branch 14 can also be directly connected to the oil tank 16. When the hydraulic pump 10 and the high-pressure pump 13 are started at the same time, the hydraulic oil pumped up through the hydraulic pump 10 and the high-pressure pump 13 After collecting, it flows into the multi-way valve 15. It can be understood that when the oil inlet branch 14 is configured in this way, a valve and a filter can be provided on the oil inlet branch 14 to filter and regulate the hydraulic oil flowing through the oil inlet branch 14 .

An accumulator 17 is connected downstream of the hydraulic pump 10, and the accumulator 17 can be charged with pressure and energy through the hydraulic pump 10. When the accumulator 17 is working, the hydraulic oil it discharges instantaneously can increase the flow rate of the hydraulic oil, thereby increasing the flow rate of the hydraulic oil. Supplement the large flow required when water hammer waves are generated. At the same time, by properly setting the accumulator 17, the pulse frequency can be effectively increased, energy can be saved, and components such as pipelines and multi-way valves 15 can be protected.

Specifically, the connection point between the accumulator 17 and the main oil inlet line 11 is located between the first connection point 112 and the second connection point 113 , so that the accumulator 17 can cooperate with the hydraulic pump 10 , the hydraulic pump 10 and the high-pressure pump 13 Water hammer waves of different sizes are formed.

A first one-way valve 114 is provided between the accumulator 17 and the hydraulic pump 10 , and a second one-way valve 140 is provided downstream of the high-pressure pump 13 . The first one-way valve 114 and the second one-way valve 140 can prevent the hydraulic oil from flowing back.

The main oil inlet line 11 is provided with a first pressure gauge 115 and a first pressure sensor 116 downstream of the second connection point 113. The first pressure gauge 115 can monitor the oil pressure entering the reversing valve. Through the first pressure gauge 115 The sensor 116 can feedback the pressure signal to the PLC controller to regulate the operating status of the hydraulic pump 10 and the high-pressure pump 13 .

The main oil return path 12 and the oil inlet branch path 14 are connected through the oil return branch path 141 that can be controlled on and off; when the high-pressure pump 13 is turned off, the oil return branch path 141 is connected, and part of the return hydraulic pressure can be released through the oil return branch path 141 The oil is replenished to the multi-way valve 15; when the high-pressure pump 13 is turned on, the oil return branch 141 is disconnected to prevent the high-pressure hydraulic oil from flowing back into the main return path through the oil return branch 141.

Specifically, the oil inlet branch 14 is provided with a cartridge valve 142. The cartridge valve 142 has three oil ports: a control oil port, a bottom oil port, and a side oil port. The control oil port and the bottom oil port of the cartridge valve 142 are The control oil port and the bottom oil port are connected in series to the oil inlet branch 14. Under the action of the spring in the valve core, the valve core is lifted, the side oil port and the bottom oil port are connected, and the above-mentioned oil return branch 141 is connected with the side oil port. When the high-pressure pump 13 is in a closed state, there is no pressure at the control oil port, the side oil port and the bottom oil port are connected, and part of the returned hydraulic oil flows through the oil return branch 141, the cartridge valve 142 and the oil inlet branch 14 , and flows back to the multi-way valve 15 through the main oil inlet line 11, thereby replenishing the hydraulic oil of the multi-way valve 15.

When the high-pressure pump 13 is in the open state, the control oil port is at high pressure and compresses the valve core, causing the side oil port to close. The high-pressure hydraulic oil flows through the damping hole on the valve core and enters the main oil inlet line 11 to supplement the high-pressure source.

It should be noted that the cartridge valve 142 is a mature existing technology. According to actual needs, various types of cartridge valves 142 are commercially available. The above is only a brief description of the structure and working principle of the cartridge valve 142. , it can be understood that the cartridge valve 142 itself also has other structures, but its specific structure is not the main invention of the present utility model, and the present utility model does not make any changes to the internal structure of the cartridge valve 142, so The specific structure will not be described again.

The hydraulic system also includes a relief valve 143, which is used to regulate the oil pressure in the oil inlet branch 14; specifically, the oil inlet of the relief valve 143 is connected to the control oil port of the cartridge valve 142, and the oil outlet is connected to the control oil port of the cartridge valve 142. The side oil port of the cartridge valve 142 is connected; when the high-pressure pump 13 is running, under the action of high-pressure hydraulic oil, the valve core is compressed to push the valve core down, closing the side oil port, and the hydraulic oil passes through the damping hole on the valve core. circulation; when the pressure abnormally increases to the set pressure of the relief valve 143, the relief valve 143 opens, and the control oil port is connected with the side oil port. Under the action of the spring in the cartridge valve 142, the valve core lifts, and the side The oil port is opened, allowing high-pressure hydraulic oil to flow into the return branch through the relief valve 143 and the side oil port of the cartridge valve 142 to relieve pressure.

A second pressure gauge 144 and a second pressure sensor 145 are connected to the oil inlet branch 14; the second pressure gauge 144 can monitor the oil pressure in the oil inlet branch 14; the second pressure sensor 145 can generate a pressure signal and feed it back to The PLC controller adjusts the operating status of the high-pressure pump 13 through the PLC controller. In this way, it can be shut down in an emergency when the pressure is abnormal to ensure the safety of the test.

The multi-way valve 15 is composed of an electric proportional valve and a relief valve 143, thereby performing functions such as pressure control, flow control and reversing. The multi-way valve 15 is a mature existing technology, and various types of multi-way valves 15 They can all be commercially available according to actual needs, and their specific structures are not the main improvement points of the present invention, so their specific structures will not be described again.

The push-pull force parameter value required for the test is given to the PLC controller through the human-machine interface setting, and the current signal is output to the electric proportional valve amplifier through the internal algorithm. The electric proportional valve group control is to control the switching of the valve group through the electromagnetic force generated by the solenoid coil. Since the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic coil is proportional to the size of the current, the required pressure and flow rate can be obtained by controlling the electromagnetic coil current with PLC, so that the cylinder to be tested can obtain the speed and pressure in the axis direction and realize automatic control.

The multi-way valve 15 has one or more work stations connected through pipelines, which can be selected according to actual needs; in this embodiment, the multi-way valve 15 has two work stations connected through two sets of pipelines. position, it can meet the requirements of independent or simultaneous testing of two components under test at the same time, shortening the test cycle, thereby saving test costs.

A third pressure gauge 150 and a third pressure sensor 151 are provided on the pipeline connecting the multi-way valve 15 to the component to be tested; through the third pressure gauge 150, the pressure of the hydraulic oil input to the component to be tested can be detected; the third pressure The sensor 151 can convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal and feed it back to the PLC controller to control the working status of the multi-way valve 15 .

The hydraulic system also includes a cooling system 18 for circulating and cooling the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 16 . Specifically, the cooling system 18 includes a circulation pump 180, a water cooling device 181 and an air cooling device 182 connected through pipelines; wherein, the water cooling device 181 and the air cooling device 182 are mature existing technologies and are commercially available. The two are arranged in parallel through pipelines, and the circulation pump 180 can circulate the hydraulic oil between the air cooling device 182, the water cooling device 181 and the oil tank 16, thereby cooling the hydraulic oil and ensuring the normal use of the device for a long time.

It can be understood that valves and filters can also be provided on the pipelines of the cooling system 18 to filter the hydraulic oil entering and leaving the oil tank 16 to prevent impurities from entering the oil tank 18 or the cooling system 18 and ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system.

The oil tank 16 is connected with a liquid level gauge 160 and a temperature sensor 161; the liquid level gauge 160 can monitor the liquid level in the oil tank 16; the temperature sensor 161 can monitor the temperature of the hydraulic oil and feed back the temperature signal to the PLC control In the device, the working status of the cooling system 18 is controlled.

The pressure pulse test device provided by the present invention is described below. The pressure pulse test device described below and the hydraulic system described above can be mutually referenced.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, a pressure pulse test device includes a test bench, a positioning frame 19 and the above-mentioned hydraulic system; the positioning frame 19 is provided on the test bench and is used to install and position the cylinder to be tested.

Specifically, the positioning frame 19 is made of metal material as a whole, and can play a protective role when the test sample fails or the hydraulic pipeline fails, so it is stable, reliable, and easy to use.

Specifically, the positioning frame 19 includes a mounting plate 190, a connecting piece 191, a positioning flange 192 and a fixing piece 193; a pair of positioning plates are arranged opposite each other and are fixedly connected to the test bench by welding. The two mounting plates 190 are provided with corresponding shaft holes, and at least two groups of shaft holes are spaced apart. By selecting shaft holes at different positions, various cylinder pulsation pressure tests with different strokes can be met.

The connecting member 191 includes stud bolts and nuts. The stud bolts pass through the two mounting plates 190 in sequence and are locked by the nuts. The two mounting plates 190 can be integrally connected through the connecting piece 191, thereby improving the overall strength of the positioning frame 19.

It can be understood that stud bolts and nuts are only one of the many structures of the connecting member 191. In another embodiment, the connecting member 191 can also use ordinary bolts, or use other ends to connect with the two mounting plates 190 respectively. Connected rod-like members.

A boss is formed in the center of the positioning flange 192, and a hole is provided in the center. The positioning flange 192 is detachably connected to the mounting plate 190 through the fixing member 193, and the boss is correspondingly inserted into the shaft hole. By replacing the positioning flange 192 of different types, it can be adapted to hydraulic cylinders with different earring types. Specifically, the fixing member 193 uses screws.

When actually installing the cylinder to be tested, first select the shaft hole at the appropriate position according to the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, then select the appropriate positioning flange 192 according to the model of the hydraulic cylinder rod head and the earring on the cylinder body, and fix the positioning flange 192 through The component 193 is connected to the mounting plate 190 and matches with the shaft hole at a specific position, and then the pin 194 is used to pass through the through hole in the center of the positioning flange 192 to complete the connection of the hydraulic cylinder.

The novelty of this utility model is that the hydraulic oil in the tank 16 can be pumped to the multi-way valve 15 through the hydraulic pump 10, and various waveforms can be formed by adjusting the flow size, pressure and flow direction through the multi-way valve 15. Hydraulic pulse, high-pressure pump 13 can cooperate with the hydraulic pump 10 to jointly pump hydraulic oil. The two can jointly form a high-pressure power source through a relatively simple oil circuit, without the need to connect the booster cylinder through complex oil circuits, gas circuits, etc. , realizing the simplification of the oil circuit of the hydraulic system; by rationally setting the accumulator 17, the pulse frequency can be effectively increased, saving energy, and protecting the pipeline and multi-way valve 15 and other devices; through the special positioning frame 19, it can reliably meet the requirements of different lengths The tested oil cylinder is extended at a position where the volumes of the two chambers are equal to ensure the load balance of the hydraulic circuit. At the same time, more than two tested products can be tested at the same time, improving test efficiency.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. and scope.

Claims (10)

1. A hydraulic system, characterized in that it includes: a hydraulic pump (10), a main oil inlet line (11), a main oil return line (12), a high-pressure pump (13), an oil inlet branch line (14), and multiple Road valve (15) and fuel tank (16); The main oil inlet channel (11) is used to connect the multi-way valve (15) and the oil tank (16); The hydraulic pump (10) is provided in the main oil inlet line (11) and is used to pump the hydraulic oil in the oil tank (16) to the multi-way valve (15); The main oil return path (12) connects the multi-way valve (15) and the oil tank (16) for oil return; The oil inlet branch (14) is connected in parallel to the oil inlet main line (11); The high-pressure pump (13) is provided in the oil inlet branch (14), and is used to pump hydraulic oil in conjunction with the hydraulic pump (10) to form a high-pressure source; The multi-way valve (15) is connected to the component under test through a pipeline and is used to adjust the flow size and direction to form a hydraulic pulse. 2. The hydraulic system according to claim 1, further comprising an accumulator (17), the accumulator (17) being connected to the main oil inlet line (11). 3. The hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the main oil return path (12) and the oil inlet branch path (14) are connected through an oil return branch path (141) with controllable on-off; When the high-pressure pump (13) is turned off, the oil return branch (141) is connected to supply partial return hydraulic oil to the multi-way valve (15); when the high-pressure pump (13) is turned on When, the oil return branch (141) is disconnected. 4. The hydraulic system according to claim 3, characterized in that a cartridge valve (142) is provided on the oil inlet branch (14); the cartridge valve (142) includes a control oil port, a bottom oil port, and a bottom oil port. port and side oil port; the control oil port and the bottom oil port are connected through the damping hole on the valve core, and the control oil port and the bottom oil port are connected in series to the oil inlet branch (14) ; The side oil port is connected to the main oil return path (12) through the oil return branch (141). When there is no pressure in the control oil port, the side oil port is connected to the bottom oil port. The port is connected. 5. The hydraulic system according to claim 4, further comprising a relief valve (143); the oil inlet of the relief valve (143) and the control oil port of the cartridge valve (142) The oil outlet is connected to the side oil port of the cartridge valve (142). When the oil pressure reaches a predetermined value, the side oil ports of the relief valve (143) and the cartridge valve (142) The port is opened to allow the hydraulic oil to flow back to the main oil return line (12). 6. The hydraulic system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that it also includes a cooling system (18) for circulating and cooling the hydraulic oil in the oil tank (16). 7. The hydraulic system according to claim 6, characterized in that the cooling system (18) includes a water cooling device (181), an air cooling device (182) and a circulation pump (180) connected through pipelines; The water cooling device (181) and the air cooling device (182) are connected in parallel. 8. A pressure pulse testing device, characterized in that it includes the hydraulic system according to any one of claims 1-7. 9. The pressure pulse test device according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes a positioning frame (19) for installing the component to be tested; The positioning frame (19) includes: A pair of mounting plates (190) are arranged opposite each other. The pair of mounting plates (190) are provided with corresponding shaft holes for allowing the pin shaft (194) to pass through and position the component to be tested; the shaft holes are spaced apart Set up with more than two groups. 10. The pressure pulse test device according to claim 9, characterized in that the positioning frame (19) further includes a positioning flange (192) detachably connected to the mounting plate (190); A boss is formed at the center of the flange (192) and is provided with a through hole; when the positioning flange (192) is connected to the connecting plate, the boss is correspondingly inserted into the shaft hole.