CN2198710Y

CN2198710Y - Wheel driving device

Info

Publication number: CN2198710Y
Application number: CN 94219682
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨臣机
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1994-08-17
Filing date: 1994-08-17
Publication date: 1995-05-24
Anticipated expiration: 2004-08-17

Abstract

The utility model relates to a wheel driving device. A fixed central axis is provided with a plurality of radially distributed permanent magnets which are parallel to the central axis and are used as a stator, a rotor formed from a plurality of groups of inducion magnetic field winding coils is pivoted at the periphery of the stator, and the rotor and the stator relatively form a corresponding magnetic field to cause the rotor to rotate. When rotating, the rotor can transmit dynamic forces to a wheel hub of a driving-wheel directly or through a speed reducing mechanism. Making contact with an annular circuit board via an electric conduction element fastened on a central axis, electric currents are transmitted to induction winding coils of the rotor.

Description

Wheel driving device

The utility model relates to a kind of device that makes wheel drive, refers in particular to that a kind of central shaft does not rotate and comes the device of the wheel hub rotation of drive wheels with conducting element by a ring-type conductive plate conduction current.

Make the method for wheel rotation roughly have two kinds, modal is the central shaft locking of the wheel hub and the wheel of wheel, and central shaft is hubbed on the vehicle frame by bearing, when ordering about the central shaft rotation with power, then can drive wheel and rotate thereupon.As if another kind is that this method is extremely rare with the method for the induction field drive wheels of wheel hub inside, up to now do not have very desirable product to occur.This method is shown in this Figure of

description

10,11 and 12, be to make central shaft be fixed in vehicle frame and can not rotate, on central shaft, establish winding coil then and pass to electric current and become stator, can constitute rotor jointly with most permanent magnets that wheel hub rotates simultaneously in the wheel hub internal arrangement in addition, by the electric field that produces between stator and rotor, order about rotor rotation and drive wheel hub and rotate thereupon.Technology being arranged before Figure 10, once at United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 207, quoted from the background of invention of No. 288 specifications, technology is arranged before Figure 11, then is by United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 913, No. 258 disclose, technology is arranged before Figure 12, then be by flying the product that Ya Te company is developed.

The front first method is that the wheel shaft of general conventional wheel is practised and thought usefulness.

Second kind of method of coming drive hub with the induction field in the wheel hub, a kind of electric wheel that the Ya Te company that flies as shown in figure 12 also once developed, this method is because the heat that winding coil produced on central shaft is difficult for lost, if therefore the very good radiating mode of neither one cooperates, this kind design certainly will can't make the wheel high speed rotating, or for long continuous running.Because high speed rotating need be supplied with a large amount of electric currents, and long-time running needs sustainable supply electric current, winding coil will produce high heat and may be burnt short circuit.This defective especially can continue the middle appearance of travelling of upward slope at vehicle, the winding coil of the stator on the central shaft, though accepted very large amount electric current, but vehicle wheel rotational speed is still slow, for the high heat that produces by winding coil, although be provided with fan and heat-dissipating fin in wheel face, come the air flows of assist wheel inside, but still can't distribute heat in right amount.This result makes the temperature of winding coil continue to rise, but is reduced on the contrary by the output strength of induction field.Another problem that this method exists is, when giving the winding coil of stator when not powering, silicon steel sheet in the winding coil will attract each other with epitrochanterian permanent magnet, this phenomenon is subjected to very big resistance when making wheel spin, that is in a single day the electric motor car of using conventional method when meeting the unexpected state that can not supply power to winding coil, push away wheel to be moved will seem especially painstaking.

The above-mentioned conventional art that comes drive wheels with induction field, so permanent magnet can't be located on the stator, relatively winding coil is located on the rotor in the wheel hub, be because how winding coil can obtain electric current very ideally in rotation, and there is no the difficulty of combination or fit on when making it to implement, as if can't obtain very desirable solution always, therefore winding coil is located at epitrochanterian idea and not realized ideally.

The purpose of this utility model, be to provide a kind of wheel driver that orders about the wheel rotation with the induction field technology, having solved the heat that winding coil produced in the prior art be difficult for to scatter and disappear, wheel is run up or problem such as long-time continuous running, can more be applicable to simultaneously the low-speed motion wheel in the up-hill journey, or the vehicle of low speed drivings such as bicycle and wheelchair.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

This device is formed by non-rotary central shaft with around the wheel hub of central shaft rotation, installs stator on the fixture of central shaft, and this stator is parallel to central shaft and the spaced radial arrangement by the permanent magnet of most different poles; Conducting element is parallel to central shaft and is axially fixed on the fixture of central shaft; One comprises with the insulating material being the ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) of body, two groups of conducting strip groups are arranged on this circuit board, wherein the internal layer area in the circuit board side is distributed with one group of internal layer conducting strip group, the outer zone of circuit board is distributed with one group of outer conducting strip group, and each conducting strip of above-mentioned internal layer, be connected with outer field arbitrary conducting strip, and the conducting strip group of internal layer can be contacted by above-mentioned conducting element; The wheel frame that is provided as wheel hub is hubbed on the central shaft, the inside of wheel frame is provided with many group radial distribution and corresponding to the winding coil of permanent magnet, form rotor with respect to said stator, and one of them is connected each group winding coil with the outer field conducting strip group of foregoing circuit plate respectively, this takes turns frame and circuit board is fixed, and can rotate synchronously on central shaft simultaneously; One power supply component is arranged on the fixture of central shaft, can with electric power by conducting element transmission from one channel to another circuit board the above-mentioned winding coil of taking turns frame inside that arrives, can produce electric field with the permanent magnet on the stator when making winding coil obtain electric current, rotate around central shaft and order about the wheel frame.

The utility model constitutes rotor with many groups winding coil, with corresponding to the stator that constitutes with most permanent magnets on central shaft, produces induction field when winding coil obtains electric current, and orders about the rotor rotation.As known to the person that is familiar with the motor, after induction field forms, winding coil will produce high heat, if this heat is not distributed, the magnetic field effect of winding coil will reduce, and dielectric film may be burnt induced coil generation short circuit.The utility model is located at winding coil on the rotor, can more effectively make the heat dissipation of winding coil by means of the centrifugal flow in the rotation.

This device is fixed on a rotatable ring-type printed circuit formula conducting strip on the side insulation panel of rotor wheel frame, internal layer and outer two groups of radial conducting strip groups are arranged on this circuit board, outer field conducting strip group and internal layer communicate with each other, wherein the conducting strip group of internal layer supplies with the conducting element that is attached to the central shaft fixture such as is that carbon brush contacts, in addition, outer field conducting strip group then is connected one by one with epitrochanterian each winding coil, make the electric current can be by carbon brush group and printed circuit board (PCB), be supplied to epitrochanterian each winding coil, thereby make epitrochanterian winding coil obtain electric current with the method for the best.

The utility model is reasonable in design, can make the wheel high speed rotating, and makes the heat dissipation of winding coil effectively, makes to come the effect of drive wheels more remarkable with the technology of using induction field.

Below in conjunction with various embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, structure of the present utility model and operating position are further described.

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the utility model embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the utility model embodiment 2.

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the utility model embodiment 3.

Fig. 4 is the view that the line A-A along Fig. 2 is cut, and shows the structure of printed circuit board (PCB).

Fig. 5 is the amplification view that the line B-B along Fig. 4 is cut.

The similar Fig. 4 of Fig. 6, but show the structure of another kind of printed circuit board (PCB).

Fig. 7 is the amplification view that the line C-C along Fig. 6 is cut.

Fig. 8 is the view that the line D-D along Fig. 2 is cut, and shows a kind of embodiment of reducing gear.

Fig. 9 is the view that the line E-E along Fig. 2 is cut, and shows the drum-type braking components.

Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12 are respectively the structural maps of background technology.

Among the figure, the outer conducting strip group of 1-wheel frame 11-inner wheel frame 12-foreign steamer frame 121-the first side 122-the second side 123-screw hole 124-flange 13-wheel 14-fin 2-stator 21-brake chamber 22-permanent magnet 3-rotor 4-winding coil 41-power supply component 42-conducting element (carbon brush) 43-printed circuit board (PCB) 44-body 45-hole 46-internal layer conducting strip group 47-471-outer end 5-central shaft 51-fixture 6-reducing gear 61-driving wheel 62-driven pulley 63-connecting rod 64-idle pulley group 7,71-bearing element 8-drum brakes element 81-butterfly braking components

So the utility model can make the power supply component of central shaft, as connecting the electric wire of battery, can smoothly electric current sent to each winding coil of rotor through conducting element, is by the ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43) shown in Fig. 1-6.The composition of this circuit board (43) comprises an annular body (44), its have in less diameter range internal layer with than the skin in the major diameter scope, this body center is provided with hole (45), after fixing with the wheel frame, borrows bearing (71) to be hubbed on the central shaft (5) simultaneously with the wheel frame; One the radial conducting strip group (46) of internal layer as the commutation sheet, and radial distribution is in the side of body (44) and be exposed to this side.Other has one the outer field radial conducting strip group of body (47), radial distribution is on body (44), and be hidden in the body (44), wherein a bit of in outer field each conducting strip group's outer end (471), be exposed to body (44) outer rim, respectively with rotor (3) on each winding coil (4) welding.In addition, each outer conducting strip is connected with arbitrary conducting strip of internal layer area individually, mode is that the outer conducting strip (47) of connection is one-body molded as shown in the figure with internal layer conducting strip (46) preferably, make and work as electric current through conducting element (42) (conducting element shown in the figure is a carbon brush), during conduction is given in the rotation with carbon brush contacts printed circuit board (PCB), can be with electric current by the conducting strip of the circuit board internal layer outer field conducting strip of transmitting scriptures, reach epitrochanterian each winding coil at last, the radial conducting strip group of the internal layer in this example (46) is in order to use as commutation.

The embodiment of above-mentioned ring-type printed circuit board (PCB), when accepting big electric current, carbon brush can produce spark when contacting with the radial conducting strip group of internal layer, and next embodiment then can eliminate this phenomenon.

The formation of ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43) also has structure such as Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7 of an embodiment in addition.The internal layer conducting strip group (46) of annular body (44) is the concentric annular conducting strip of (for example be three to constitute X, Y, Z three-phase) more than two, each conducting strip contacts individually with a carbon brush (42), and each conducting strip as aforementioned be that one of them is connected with outer field conducting strip.The ring-type conducting strip of the internal layer in this example just merely contacts with the carbon brush (42) of function class such as slip ring and becomes conducting medium, if the electric current that is provided is from alternating current, then this power supply can be exported to carbon brush by frequency converter; If the electric current of supply is from direct current, then this power supply can be exported to carbon brush by the electronics phase changer.Though the conducting element in this specification is an example with carbon brush (42), this carbon brush (42) is the same with ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43), may use superconductor material manufacturing, makes when conduction current, can reduce the loss of electric current.

Embodiment 1: wheel driver as shown in Figure 1 is to come drive wheels by the wheel hub around non-rotary central shaft (5) rotation, and wheel hub is in order to support wheel.The present embodiment device comprises: one is installed in the stator (2) on the central shaft (5), and this stator (2) is arranged by permanent magnet (22) spaced radial of a plurality of different poles; A plurality of carbon brush (42) are axially fixed on the fixture (51) of central shaft (5), central shaft is a solid shafting preferably, the diameter of central shaft is dwindled as far as possible, but still keeping necessary rigidity, the device of present embodiment comprises also that in addition one is fixed on the wheel frame and in the wheel frame and is hubbed on ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43) on the central shaft (5) simultaneously, two groups of radially-arranged conducting strip groups (46) and (47) (with reference to figure 4-7) are arranged on the circuit board (43), and individual distributions is in the internal layer area and outer zone of circuit board (43) side.And each conducting strip (46) of internal layer all is exposed to a side of body (44), and indivedual arbitrary outer conducting strip (47) interior with being hidden in insulating properties body (44) be connected, and the conducting strip group of internal layer can be contacted by carbon brush (42); The front had been described two kinds of embodiment of printed circuit board (PCB) (43).Present embodiment has one in addition and is hubbed on central shaft (5) with bearing (7) and goes up wheel frame (1) as wheel hub, its inside is provided with many group radial distribution and corresponding to the winding coil (4) of permanent magnet (22), form rotor (3) with respect to said stator (2), and one of them is connected each group winding coil (4) with the outer field conducting strip group of circuit board (43) (47) respectively, this takes turns frame is fixing with circuit board (43), and can go up rotation synchronously at central shaft (5) simultaneously, borrow the air-flow in the rotation to make the winding coil (4) in the wheel frame quicken heat radiation; One power supply component (41), such as being an electric wire, on the fixture that is attached to central shaft (5) (51), the winding coil (4) that electric power can be arrived and taken turns frame inside by carbon brush group (42) transmission from one channel to another circuit board (43), when making winding coil (4) obtain electric current, can produce electric field with the permanent magnet (22) on the stator (2), and driving wheel frame (1) rotates around central shaft (5).

The foregoing description is the most basic and typical devices, can be successfully with electric current by the supply of central shaft zone, by carbon brush (42) and ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43), pass to the winding coil of the rotor in the rotation, later embodiment is that the essential structure additions and deletions of example in view of the above form, and each example all is same as this example, can choose wherein a kind of in two kinds of printed circuit board (PCB)s wantonly.

Embodiment 2: as the embodiment structure of Fig. 2 and 3, stator (2) is to borrow bearing element (71) to be hubbed on the fixture (51) of central shaft (5).Central shaft (5) is provided with a braking components (8) in addition, is in close proximity to stator (2), and braking components (8) can make stator (2) not rotate when stopping only state.On the other hand, stop only during state non-, promptly can not stop stator, so stator (2) rotated in the time of can rotating with rotor (3) when braking components (8).Can establish a brake chamber (21) in the stator (2), and as shown in Figure 9, braking components (8) is one to be received within the brake rim in the brake chamber.This embodiment can with embodiment 1 combination, with the wheel frame (1) of single body as wheel hub, also can with other embodiment combination, become wheel hub with reducing gear.

Embodiment 3: as Fig. 2 and 3, this maximum different being routine and embodiment 1: embodiment 1 is direct as the wheel hub of supporting wheel with the wheel frame of single body, and this takes turns frame does not have reducing gear.But the wheel frame in this example is made up of inner wheel frame and foreign steamer frame.This example is specially adapted to the vehicle of low speed drivings such as wheelchair or bicycle.Though the reducing gear that the figure in this example shows is made of the individual layer or double-deck planetary gear group, also can be made of gear type or belt-type reducing gear.Wheel frame (1) in this example comprises a foreign steamer frame (12) and an inner wheel frame (11) that is hubbed on individually on the central shaft (5), inner wheel frame (11) inside is provided with many group winding coils (4), and inner wheel frame (11) is fixing and can rotate synchronously with circuit board (43); Foreign steamer frame (12) is a wheel hub of supporting wheel.A reducing gear (6) with driving wheel (61) and driven pulley (62) is established in wheel frame (1) side, inner wheel frame (11) is connected with the driving wheel (61) of reducing gear (6), foreign steamer frame (12) is connected with the driven pulley (62) of reducing gear, power when making inner wheel frame (11) rotation can pass to foreign steamer frame (12) after reducing gear slows down.

Embodiment 4: this example is similar to Example 3, but as shown in Figure 2, foreign steamer frame (12) has first side (121) and second side (122), and first side (121) are provided with a screw hole (123), for making up with a wheel (13).Wheel (13) can be the belt pulley of belt speed machine, also can be the sprocket wheel shown in Fig. 2 imaginary line, and this sprocket wheel is the chain wheel set element that is together to form by the multistage different numbers of teeth, and this example is applicable to the bicycle of multi-gear transmission.

Embodiment 5: this example is similar to embodiment 4, but shown in Fig. 3 imaginary line, second side (122) of foreign steamer frame (12) is provided with a butterfly braking components (81), for the only foreign steamer frame (12) of stopping in case of necessity.

As Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, a flange (124) is extended in first side, right side of foreign steamer frame (12), the screw hole diameter of establishing in this flange is at 20-25mm, and the diameter that makes central shaft is less than 10mm, the interface that is formed by this flange can directly be connected open country, existing island (Shimano) change gear shaft like this.The mentioned screw hole diameter and the size of central shaft diameter in this example just when this example of explanation is applied to bicycle, can connects by wild change gear shaft in the island, and be not the diameter that is used for limiting central shaft diameter of the present utility model and screw hole.If the utility model is applied to motorcycle or automobile or wheelchair, or change gear shaft existing with other or that may occur in the future is when being connected, certainly with regard to not necessarily above-mentioned size range.Present embodiment is different with the design of various electric motor car wheel shafts in the past, the utility model dwindles central shaft as far as possible and makes with solid hopkinson bar, but power supply component (41), still can enter in the foreign steamer frame, and be connected to the carbon brush group by braking components (8) by second side (122) of foreign steamer frame (12).Traditional electric motor car wheel shaft can not be as the utility model, the wild change gear shaft socket in direct and island.

Shown in Fig. 2,3, can add ventilation wing (14) in second side (122) of foreign steamer frame (12), the air flows of strengthening taking turns frame adds filter screen in the inside of ventilation wing even to assist heat radiation.Shown in Fig. 2 and 8, aforementioned reducing gear (6) can be planetary gear reduction, and the inner edge of foreign steamer frame (12) can be made as internal gear, and directly becoming the driven pulley (62) of reducing gear (6), driving wheel (61) is to drive driven pulley (62) by the idle pulley group (64) on the connecting rod (63).

According to the technical solution of the utility model, the stator on the central shaft can be rotated along with the rotor in the wheel hub.Because this device constitutes stator with permanent magnet, constitute rotor with winding coil, rotor can be directly or through the indirect mode drive hub of reducing gear.Stator is hubbed on the fixing non-rotary central shaft with bearing, and inside or side at this stator are provided with non-rotary braking components, the preferable mode of this braking components is to utilize drum-type brake, can not but utilize the brake of butterfly brake, electromagnetic type brake or other patterns there is no.At general state, when driving the rotor rotation with induction field, this braking components is to remain on primary importance stator is checked and can not to be rotated, and relatively makes the sensed electric field driven of rotor.But under special state, be when not powering for example to rotor, can make braking components change to the second place and release out stator, stator borrows the suction of permanent magnet to attract each other with the silicon steel sheet of epitrochanterian coiling usefulness so, stator can be rotated along with rotor, promptly reach the purpose that when obstructed electric current is given rotor, still can promote nave boss like a cork.

The utility model also can reach the purpose that nave boss is stopped in good time.At the brake block of fixing a butterfly brake by the nave boss outer rim of rotor driven, just when nave boss does not rotate as desire or desires to slow down rotating speed, can borrow the butterfly brake control.

When vehicle slides on the descending road surface, supply of current is not given the winding coil of rotor, if continue to make the braking components of control stator rotation to remain on normal danger so, even stator can not rotate, winding coil can become generating state generation electric current, through printed circuit board (PCB) and carbon brush on the contrary because of continuing around the stator rotation so, feeding back to supply unit, is battery for example.

If make control stator rotation braking components release condition can along with the braking state locking phase of above-mentioned butterfly brake to action, that is butterfly brake when brake, braking components then discharges relatively, to make stator before rotor is desired to stop, borrow inertia force to produce rotation on the contrary, this effect is a chain effect of the present utility model.

Claims

1, a kind of wheel driver is formed by non-rotary central shaft (5) with around the wheel hub of central shaft rotation, it is characterized in that:

A) go up installing stator (2) at the fixture (51) of central shaft (5), this stator (2) is parallel to central shaft (5) and the spaced radial arrangement by the permanent magnet (22) of most different poles;

B) conducting element (42) is parallel to central shaft (5) and is axially fixed on the fixture (51) of central shaft (5);

C) one is the ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43) of body (44) with the insulating material, two groups of conducting strip groups are arranged on this circuit board (43), wherein the internal layer area in the circuit board side is distributed with one group of internal layer conducting strip group (46), the outer zone of circuit board is distributed with one group of outer conducting strip group (47), each conducting strip of above-mentioned internal layer, be connected with outer field arbitrary conducting strip, and the conducting strip group (46) of internal layer can be contacted by above-mentioned conducting element (42);

D) the wheel frame (1) that is provided as wheel hub is hubbed on the central shaft (5), the inside of wheel frame (1) is provided with many group radial distribution and corresponding to the winding coil (4) of permanent magnet (22), form rotor (3) with respect to said stator (2), and one of them is connected each group winding coil (4) with the outer field conducting strip group of foregoing circuit plate (43) (47) respectively, it is fixing with circuit board (43) that this takes turns frame (1), and can go up rotation synchronously at central shaft (5) simultaneously;

E) on the fixture (51) of central shaft (5), a power supply component (41) is arranged.

2, wheel driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: stator (2) be borrow bearing element (71) be pivoted with central shaft (5) on.

3, wheel driver according to claim 2 is characterized in that: establish a braking components (8) on the central shaft (5), be in close proximity to stator (2).

4, wheel driver according to claim 3 is characterized in that: be provided with a brake chamber (21) in the stator (2), braking components (8) is one to be received within the brake rim in the above-mentioned brake chamber (21).

5, wheel driver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wheel frame (1) comprises a foreign steamer frame (12) and an inner wheel frame (11) that is hubbed on individually on the above-mentioned central shaft (5), inner wheel frame (11) inside is provided with many group winding coils (4), and inner wheel frame (11) is fixing and can rotate synchronously with circuit board (43); Wheel frame (1) side is provided with the reducing gear (6) of have driving wheel (61) and driven pulley (62), and inner wheel frame (11) is connected with the driving wheel (61) of reducing gear (6), and foreign steamer frame (12) is connected with the driven pulley (62) of reducing gear (6).

6, wheel driver according to claim 5 is characterized in that: reducing gear (6) is a planetary gear reduction.

7, wheel driver according to claim 5 is characterized in that: foreign steamer frame (12) has first side (121) and second side (122), wherein first side (121) be provided with one for the screw hole (123) of the axle combination of wheel (13).

8, wheel driver according to claim 7 is characterized in that: first side (121) of foreign steamer frame (12) is provided with a flange (124), and establishes screw hole (123) in this flange, and the diameter of this screw hole is at 20-25mm.

9, wheel driver according to claim 7 is characterized in that: wheel (13) is a sprocket wheel, and this sprocket wheel is the chain wheel set element that has the multistage different number of teeth to be together to form.

10, wheel driver according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: foreign steamer frame (12) has first side (121) and second side (122), and wherein second side (122) are provided with one for the only butterfly braking components (81) of foreign steamer frame (12) of stopping.

11, wheel driver according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the inner edge of foreign steamer frame (12) is provided with internal gear, becomes the driven gear of epicyclic reduction gear of planetary type mechanism.

12, wheel driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: central shaft (5) is a solid shafting.

13, wheel driver according to claim 12 is characterized in that: central shaft (5) is less than 10mm.

14, according to Claim 8 or 13 described wheel drivers, it is characterized in that: screw hole (123) is to be connected with open country, island (Shimano) change gear shaft.

15, wheel driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the outer conducting strip group (47) of ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43) is that the radial radiation shape distributes and is hidden in the outer field body of circuit board (43) (44).

16, wheel driver according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: the internal layer conducting strip group (46) of ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43) is symmetrical in outer conducting strip group (47) and the distribution of radial radiation shape, but be exposed to a side of body (44), contact with above-mentioned conducting element (42).

17, wheel driver according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: the internal layer conducting strip group (46) of ring-type printed circuit board (PCB) (43), be to constitute, and a side that is exposed to body (44) contact with conducting element (42) individually by a plurality of concentric annular conducting strip groups.