CN219833755U - DC load protection circuit - Google Patents
DC load protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN219833755U CN219833755U CN202321285169.7U CN202321285169U CN219833755U CN 219833755 U CN219833755 U CN 219833755U CN 202321285169 U CN202321285169 U CN 202321285169U CN 219833755 U CN219833755 U CN 219833755U
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a DC load protection circuit, comprising: the primary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the abnormality of the power supply voltage of the load is detected before the load works; the primary switch control unit is used for controlling the working state of the primary switch unit according to the control signal sent by the MCU unit; the current limiting unit is used for limiting the input current of the load when the primary switch unit is turned on and the secondary switch unit is turned off; and the secondary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the load power supply voltage abnormality is detected when the load works normally. The load protection circuit can timely diagnose abnormal states of overvoltage, undervoltage and short circuit, and the MCU unit can timely turn off the load, so that the purposes of preventing or eliminating faults and protecting the load are achieved, the reliability, safety and effectiveness of equipment operation are improved, the fault loss rate is reduced, and the service life of the equipment are prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of direct current load protection, in particular to a direct current load protection circuit.
Background
For modern automobile electronic equipment, the safety requirement is higher and higher, and the real-time monitoring of the working state of each load in the vehicle is particularly important. The traditional load protection has single function, most load protection circuits can detect voltage/current only when the load works, equipment faults are not convenient to remove in advance, so that the fault risk of the equipment is increased, and the use safety of the equipment is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, the utility model provides a direct current load protection circuit.
The utility model provides a direct current load protection circuit, which comprises:
the primary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the abnormality of the power supply voltage of the load is detected before the load works;
the primary switch control unit is used for controlling the working state of the primary switch unit according to the control signal sent by the MCU unit;
the current limiting unit is used for limiting the input current of the load when the primary switch unit is turned on and the secondary switch unit is turned off;
the secondary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the load is detected to be abnormal in power supply voltage when the load works normally;
the secondary switch control unit is used for controlling the working state of the secondary switch unit according to the control signal sent by the MCU unit;
the voltage acquisition unit is used for detecting the load power supply voltage in real time, judging whether the voltage acquisition value is within a set threshold range or not, and feeding back the judgment result to the MCU unit in real time;
the follow current unit is used for providing a power consumption path for the reverse electromotive force when the voltage or the current in the circuit suddenly disappears;
the MCU unit is used for controlling the work of the primary switch control unit and the secondary switch control unit according to the feedback result of the voltage acquisition unit;
the input end of the primary switch unit is electrically connected with the output end of the primary switch control unit, the output end of the primary switch unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the current-limiting unit and the secondary switch unit respectively, the input end of the secondary switch unit is electrically connected with the output end of the secondary switch control unit, the input end of the secondary switch control unit and the output end of the MCU unit are electrically connected, the output end of the current-limiting unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the freewheel unit and the voltage acquisition unit respectively, the output end of the secondary switch unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the freewheel unit and the voltage acquisition unit respectively, the output end of the voltage acquisition unit is electrically connected with the input end of the MCU unit, and the output end of the freewheel unit is electrically connected with the load.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit are arranged in the first switching unit, one end of the first filtering unit is electrically connected with the power input, and the other end of the first filtering unit is electrically connected with the input end of the first switching unit;
one end of the second filtering unit is electrically connected with the output end of the voltage acquisition unit, and the other end of the second filtering unit is electrically connected with the input end of the MCU unit.
Preferably, the primary switch unit comprises a field effect transistor Q1, and the primary switch control unit comprises a field effect transistor Q3, a resistor R5 and a resistor R6.
Preferably, the gate G of the fet Q1 is electrically connected to the drain D of the fet Q3 through a resistor R3, the source S of the fet Q1 is electrically connected to the gate G of the fet Q1 through a resistor R2, the source S of the fet Q3 is grounded, the gate G of the fet Q3 is electrically connected to one ends of a resistor R5 and a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the input end of the MCU unit.
Preferably, the current limiting unit comprises a resistor R1, the secondary switch unit comprises a field effect transistor Q2, a resistor R4 and a resistor R9, and the secondary switch control unit comprises a field effect transistor Q4, a resistor R11 and a resistor R12.
Preferably, the gate G of the fet Q2 is electrically connected to the drain D of the fet Q4 through a resistor R9, the source S of the fet Q2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the resistor R4, the drain D of the fet Q2 is electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R1, the resistor R4 is electrically connected to the gate G of the fet Q2, the gate G of the fet Q4 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R11 and one end of the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R11 is electrically connected to the input end of the MCU, the other end of the resistor R12 is grounded, and the source of the fet Q4 is grounded.
Preferably, the voltage acquisition unit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8 and a resistor R10, and the freewheel unit comprises a diode D1 and a capacitor C3.
Preferably, the resistor R7, the resistor R8, and the resistor R10 are connected at the same end, one end of the resistor R7 is electrically connected with the cathode of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R10 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R8 is electrically connected with the input ends of the second filtering unit and the MCU unit, the cathode of the diode D1 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded.
According to the direct current load protection circuit, load voltage is collected in real time by the load protection circuit before and during load operation and fed back to the MCU unit, the MCU unit judges whether the collected value is in a set threshold range or not, so that whether overvoltage, undervoltage and short circuit are judged, when any abnormal condition is detected, the high-low level is output through the pin of the MCU unit to control the on-off of the two-stage switching circuit, and the load voltage is rapidly turned off, so that the load protection effect is achieved. The load protection circuit can timely diagnose abnormal states of overvoltage, undervoltage and short circuit, and the MCU unit can timely turn off the load, so that the purposes of preventing or eliminating faults and protecting the load are achieved, the reliability, safety and effectiveness of equipment operation are improved, the fault loss rate is reduced, and the service life of the equipment are prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an overall hardware architecture of a dc load protection circuit according to the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal hardware architecture of a dc load protection circuit according to the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal circuit of a dc load protection circuit according to the present utility model.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-2, a dc load protection circuit according to the present utility model includes:
the primary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the abnormality of the power supply voltage of the load is detected before the load works;
the primary switch control unit is used for controlling the working state of the primary switch unit according to the control signal sent by the MCU unit;
the current limiting unit is used for limiting the input current of the load when the primary switch unit is turned on and the secondary switch unit is turned off;
the secondary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the load is detected to be abnormal in power supply voltage when the load works normally;
the secondary switch control unit is used for controlling the working state of the secondary switch unit according to the control signal sent by the MCU unit;
the voltage acquisition unit is used for detecting the load power supply voltage in real time, judging whether the voltage acquisition value is within a set threshold range or not, and feeding back the judgment result to the MCU unit in real time;
the follow current unit is used for providing a power consumption path for the reverse electromotive force when the voltage or the current in the circuit suddenly disappears;
the MCU unit is used for controlling the work of the primary switch control unit and the secondary switch control unit according to the feedback result of the voltage acquisition unit;
the input end of the primary switch unit is electrically connected with the output end of the primary switch control unit, the output end of the primary switch unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the current-limiting unit and the secondary switch unit respectively, the input end of the secondary switch unit is electrically connected with the output end of the secondary switch control unit, the input ends of the secondary switch control unit and the primary switch control unit are electrically connected with the output end of the MCU unit, the output end of the current-limiting unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the current-limiting unit and the voltage acquisition unit respectively, the output end of the secondary switch unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the current-limiting unit and the voltage acquisition unit respectively, the output end of the voltage acquisition unit is electrically connected with the input end of the MCU unit, and the output end of the current-limiting unit is electrically connected with a load.
It should be further noted that the load is a current type load, i.e. the current must reach a certain value before the load can operate.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the method further includes: the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit, one end of the first filtering unit is electrically connected with the power input, and the other end of the first filtering unit is electrically connected with the input end of the primary switch unit.
The first filtering unit specifically comprises an electrolytic capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, wherein the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C1, the capacitor C2 and the source electrode S of the field effect transistor Q1 are connected at the same end, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded. The power input, output and voltage acquisition are all provided with filter units, so that erroneous judgment is prevented, and the accuracy of signal transmission is improved.
One end of the second filtering unit is electrically connected with the output end of the voltage acquisition unit, and the other end of the second filtering unit is electrically connected with the input end of the MCU unit. The second filter unit specifically includes a capacitor C4, one end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the resistor R8, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the primary switch unit includes a field effect transistor Q1, the primary switch control unit includes a field effect transistor Q3, a resistor R5, and a resistor R6, a gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected to a drain D of the field effect transistor Q3 through the resistor R3, a source S of the field effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 through the resistor R2, a source S of the field effect transistor Q3 is grounded, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q3 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R5 and one end of the resistor R6 respectively, the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to an input end of the MCU unit.
It should be further noted that, the field effect transistor Q3 and the field effect transistor Q4 are both N-channel enhancement type field effect transistors, and the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are both P-channel enhancement type field effect transistors. When the port FC_On1 of the MCU unit is at a high level, the primary switch unit operates, the field effect transistor Q1 is conducted at the moment, when the port FC_On2 of the MCU unit is at a low level, the secondary switch unit does not operate, the field effect transistor Q2 is cut off at the moment, the field effect transistor Q1 and the resistor R1 form a power output positive electrode, and because the current limiting function of the resistor R1 is insufficient for starting a load, the load protection of the primary switch circuit is also called voltage detection and protection before the load works.
When an abnormal condition occurs, if the load end is short-circuited, the voltage acquisition AD_CHK is 0, and if the output voltage acquisition value is not in the set threshold range (the threshold value can be regulated and controlled by R7 and R10), the output voltage is fed back to the MCU in real time, and the MCU rapidly turns off the Q1 to play a role of load protection.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the current limiting unit includes a resistor R1, the secondary switch unit includes a field effect transistor Q2, a resistor R4, and a resistor R9, the secondary switch control unit includes a field effect transistor Q4, a resistor R11, and a resistor R12, a gate G of the field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected to a drain D of the field effect transistor Q4 through the resistor R9, a source S of the field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the resistor R4, a drain D of the field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R1, the resistor R4 is electrically connected to a gate G of the field effect transistor Q2, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q4 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R11 and one end of the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R11 is electrically connected to an input end of the MCU unit, and the other end of the resistor R12 is grounded, and the source of the field effect transistor Q4 is grounded.
It should be further described that, under the premise that the primary switch unit detects normal, ports fc_on1 and fc_on2 of the MCU unit are all set at high level, and the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 are turned ON, at this time, the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2 form a power output positive electrode, and the current of the channel is sufficient to start the load, so that the load works normally, and the load protection of the two-way switch circuit is also called voltage detection and protection in the load work.
When an abnormal condition occurs, if the load end is short-circuited, the voltage AD_CHK is acquired to be 0, and then the voltage AD_CHK is fed back to the MCU unit, and the MCU unit rapidly turns off the field effect transistor Q2 to play a role in load protection.
And meanwhile, the MCU performs voltage detection for a plurality of times, and when the voltage detection is normal, the field effect transistor Q2 is turned on to ensure that the load works normally. If the output voltage acquisition value is not in the set threshold range (the threshold can be regulated and controlled by R7 and R10), the output voltage acquisition value is fed back to the MCU in real time, and the MCU rapidly turns off the field effect transistor Q1 to play a role in load protection.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the voltage acquisition unit includes a resistor R7, a resistor R8, and a resistor R10, the freewheel unit includes a diode D1 and a capacitor C3, the resistor R7, the resistor R8, and the resistor R10 are commonly connected, one end of the resistor R7 is electrically connected with a negative electrode of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R10 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R8 is electrically connected with an input end of the second filter unit and the MCU unit, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded.
It should be further noted that, the voltage acquisition unit detects the load supply voltage in real time and feeds back to the MCU unit, when detecting the abnormality, the MCU unit sends the instruction to turn off the field effect tube fast, the MCU fastest response time can be controlled within 5ms, and the time can be adjusted by hardware parameters or software.
The MCU judging time is specifically as follows:
wherein R is R8 and the capacitance is C4.
MCU response time = MCU judgment time + MCU feedback time + field effect transistor response time.
In particular, the voltage threshold range calculation process is:
let V CHK ＝V MCU_H ,V MCU_H Taking 2/3 of the power supply voltage of the MCU unit, namely 2/3V CC ，V DC_IN+ Taking the maximum voltage value of load operation; the resistance values of R7 and R10 can be determined, and then the corresponding V when the load works at the minimum voltage can be calculated through the method CHK Value, i.e. V CHK_MIN Then the threshold range is V CHK_MIN ～V MCU_H . When the voltage value collected by the MCU unit is not in the threshold range, the voltage value is proved to be under-voltage or over-voltage, and the field effect transistor can be rapidly closed to protect the load.
In a specific working process of the direct current load protection circuit of the embodiment, when a port FC_On1 of the MCU unit is at a high level, the primary switch unit operates, the field effect transistor Q1 is conducted at the moment, when the port FC_On2 of the MCU unit is at a low level, the secondary switch unit does not operate, the field effect transistor Q2 is cut off, the field effect transistor Q1 and the resistor R1 form a power output positive electrode, when an abnormal condition occurs, if a load end is in short circuit, the voltage acquisition AD_CHK is 0, and if an output voltage acquisition value is not in a set threshold range, the voltage acquisition value is fed back to the MCU in real time, and the MCU rapidly turns off the Q1 to play a load protection role. ON the premise that the primary switch unit detects normal, ports FC_On1 and FC_On2 of the MCU unit are all set at high level, the field effect tube Q1 and the field effect tube Q2 are conducted, at the moment, the field effect tube Q1 and the field effect tube Q2 form a power output positive electrode, and the channel current is enough to start the load to work normally.
When an abnormal condition occurs, if the load end is short-circuited, the voltage AD_CHK is acquired to be 0, and then the voltage AD_CHK is fed back to the MCU unit, and the MCU unit rapidly turns off the field effect transistor Q2 to play a role in load protection.
And meanwhile, the MCU performs voltage detection for a plurality of times, and when the voltage detection is normal, the field effect transistor Q2 is turned on to ensure that the load works normally. If the output voltage acquisition value is not in the set threshold range, the output voltage acquisition value is fed back to the MCU unit in real time, and the MCU unit rapidly turns off the field effect transistor Q1 to play a role in load protection.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present utility model, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present utility model and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. A dc load protection circuit, comprising:
the primary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the abnormality of the power supply voltage of the load is detected before the load works;
the primary switch control unit is used for controlling the working state of the primary switch unit according to the control signal sent by the MCU unit;
the current limiting unit is used for limiting the input current of the load when the primary switch unit is turned on and the secondary switch unit is turned off;
the secondary switch unit is used for switching off the connection with the load when the load is detected to be abnormal in power supply voltage when the load works normally;
the secondary switch control unit is used for controlling the working state of the secondary switch unit according to the control signal sent by the MCU unit;
the voltage acquisition unit is used for detecting the load power supply voltage in real time, judging whether the voltage acquisition value is within a set threshold range or not, and feeding back the judgment result to the MCU unit in real time;
the follow current unit is used for providing a power consumption path for the reverse electromotive force when the voltage or the current in the circuit suddenly disappears;
the MCU unit is used for controlling the work of the primary switch control unit and the secondary switch control unit according to the feedback result of the voltage acquisition unit;
the input end of the primary switch unit is electrically connected with the output end of the primary switch control unit, the output end of the primary switch unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the current-limiting unit and the secondary switch unit respectively, the input end of the secondary switch unit is electrically connected with the output end of the secondary switch control unit, the input end of the secondary switch control unit and the output end of the MCU unit are electrically connected, the output end of the current-limiting unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the freewheel unit and the voltage acquisition unit respectively, the output end of the secondary switch unit is electrically connected with the input ends of the freewheel unit and the voltage acquisition unit respectively, the output end of the voltage acquisition unit is electrically connected with the input end of the MCU unit, and the output end of the freewheel unit is electrically connected with the load.
2. The direct current load protection circuit of claim 1, further comprising: the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit are arranged in the first switching unit, one end of the first filtering unit is electrically connected with the power input, and the other end of the first filtering unit is electrically connected with the input end of the first switching unit;
one end of the second filtering unit is electrically connected with the output end of the voltage acquisition unit, and the other end of the second filtering unit is electrically connected with the input end of the MCU unit.
3. The direct current load protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the primary switch unit comprises a field effect transistor Q1, and the primary switch control unit comprises a field effect transistor Q3, a resistor R5, and a resistor R6.
4. The dc load protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the gate G of the fet Q1 is electrically connected to the drain D of the fet Q3 through a resistor R3, the source S of the fet Q1 is electrically connected to the gate G of the fet Q1 through a resistor R2, the source S of the fet Q3 is grounded, the gate G of the fet Q3 is electrically connected to one ends of a resistor R5 and a resistor R6, respectively, the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the input end of the MCU unit.
5. The direct current load protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the current limiting unit comprises a resistor R1, the secondary switching unit comprises a field effect transistor Q2, a resistor R4, and a resistor R9, and the secondary switching control unit comprises a field effect transistor Q4, a resistor R11, and a resistor R12.
6. The direct current load protection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the gate G of the field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the drain D of the field effect transistor Q4 through a resistor R9, the source S of the field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the resistor R4, the drain D of the field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the other end of the resistor R1, the resistor R4 is electrically connected to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q2, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q4 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R11 and one end of the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R11 is electrically connected to the input end of the MCU unit, the other end of the resistor R12 is grounded, and the source of the field effect transistor Q4 is grounded.
7. The direct current load protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the voltage acquisition unit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R10, and the freewheel unit comprises a diode D1 and a capacitor C3.
8. The dc load protection circuit according to claim 7, wherein the resistor R7, the resistor R8, and the resistor R10 are connected at the same end, one end of the resistor R7 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R10 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R8 is electrically connected to the input ends of the second filter unit and the MCU unit, the cathode of the diode D1 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321285169.7U CN219833755U (en) | 2023-05-25 | 2023-05-25 | DC load protection circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321285169.7U CN219833755U (en) | 2023-05-25 | 2023-05-25 | DC load protection circuit |
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| CN219833755U true CN219833755U (en) | 2023-10-13 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117353459A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-05 | 深圳市杰里菲希信息技术有限公司 | Company security alarm system based on computer |
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2023
- 2023-05-25 CN CN202321285169.7U patent/CN219833755U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117353459A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-05 | 深圳市杰里菲希信息技术有限公司 | Company security alarm system based on computer |
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