CN219832012U - Experimental device for demonstrating friction force - Google Patents
Experimental device for demonstrating friction force Download PDFInfo
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- CN219832012U CN219832012U CN202320814715.5U CN202320814715U CN219832012U CN 219832012 U CN219832012 U CN 219832012U CN 202320814715 U CN202320814715 U CN 202320814715U CN 219832012 U CN219832012 U CN 219832012U
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an experimental device for friction force demonstration, which comprises a plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members, wherein the bottom surfaces of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members are all regular multiple shapes with the same edge number, the interiors of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members are hollow, the shell thickness of any one of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members is uniform, the vertex angle of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members sequentially increases progressively, the heights of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members sequentially decrease progressively along with the sequential increasing of the vertex angle, and the edge lengths of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members sequentially decrease progressively along with the sequential increasing of the vertex angle, so that the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members can be sequentially sleeved together from outside to inside according to the sequential increasing of the vertex angle. The experimental device can fully demonstrate the friction angle and the self-locking phenomenon in a demonstration experiment mode, and further can enable a user to intuitively and intuitively feel the friction angle and the self-locking phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of experimental devices, in particular to an experimental device for demonstrating friction force, which can be used for demonstrating physical experiments of friction force and also can be used for teaching of examining student stress analysis and solving friction factors.
Background
At present, in the physical and mechanical courses of universities, related teaching contents of friction force, particularly friction angle, are remained on theoretical analysis, and related experimental equipment is lacked for experimental demonstration. Existing friction force related experiments are mostly limited to measuring the friction force. In the prior classroom teaching, although experimental equipment for measuring friction factors and experiments for measuring friction angles exist, the structure of the experimental equipment is complex, and related knowledge related to the experiment is obscure, so that the experimental equipment is rarely used in actual teaching, and students are more difficult to perform experiments in the hall. Therefore, the existing experimental equipment and demonstration experiments hardly enable students to feel the significance of friction angles in reality and the self-locking phenomenon.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an experimental apparatus for friction force demonstration, which is capable of sufficiently demonstrating the friction angle and the self-locking phenomenon, and thus is capable of visually and intuitively perceiving the friction angle and the self-locking phenomenon by users (e.g., teachers and students).
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide an experimental device for demonstrating friction force, which can fully demonstrate friction angle and self-locking phenomenon, and further can enable users (such as teachers and students) to visually and intuitively experience the friction angle and self-locking phenomenon.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental apparatus for friction demonstration, the experimental apparatus comprising a plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members, the bottom surfaces of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members being regular multi-shaped with equal numbers of sides, the interiors of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members being hollow and the housing thickness of any one of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members being uniform, the apex angles of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members being sequentially increased, the heights of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members being sequentially decreased as the apex angles are sequentially increased, and the bottom surface side lengths of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members being sequentially decreased as the apex angles are sequentially increased, such that the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members can be sequentially sleeved together from outside to inside in the order of sequentially increasing apex angles.
Preferably, if the plurality of right pyramid-shaped housing members are arranged in order of sequentially increasing angle of the apex angle, the angle values of the apex angles of the plurality of right pyramid-shaped housing members constitute an arithmetic progression.
Further preferably, if the plurality of regular-pyramid-shaped housing members are arranged in order of increasing apex angle angles in order, the numerical range of the tolerance of the arithmetic progression constituted by the numerical values of the apex angles of the plurality of regular-pyramid-shaped housing members is 10 ° to 20 °.
Preferably, the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members are all the same in material.
Preferably, the shell thicknesses of the plurality of square pyramid shaped shell members are all the same.
Any range recited in the utility model includes any numerical value between the endpoints and any sub-range of any numerical value between the endpoints or any numerical value between the endpoints.
Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials herein are commercially available, and the equipment used in the present utility model may be conventional in the art or may be conventional in the art.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The experimental device provided by the utility model can fully demonstrate the friction angle and the self-locking phenomenon in a demonstration experiment mode, so that a user (such as a teacher and a student) can intuitively and intuitively feel the friction angle and the self-locking phenomenon;
(2) The experimental device provided by the utility model can fully demonstrate the friction angle and the self-locking phenomenon in a demonstration experiment mode, so that a user (such as a teacher and a student) can carry out stress analysis by virtue of the demonstration experiment, and the friction factor between the hand of the user and the square pyramid-shaped shell member is estimated.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present utility model in further detail with reference to the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an experimental apparatus for demonstrating friction force according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a friction force demonstration experiment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an experimental device for demonstrating friction force in a sleeved state according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section view of an experimental device for demonstrating friction force in a sleeved state according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a schematic bottom view of an experimental apparatus for demonstrating friction force in a sleeved state according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for demonstrating friction force in a use state according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a force analysis of an experimental apparatus for friction demonstration in a use state according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 8 is a second schematic diagram of force analysis of the experimental apparatus for demonstrating friction force according to the embodiment of the present utility model in a use state.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present utility model, the present utility model will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this utility model is not limited to the details given herein.
The present embodiment provides an experimental apparatus for friction force demonstration, the experimental apparatus comprising a plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members, the bottom surfaces of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members are all regular multi-deformation with equal sides, the interiors of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members are hollow and the housing thickness of any one of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members is uniform, the apex angles of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members are sequentially increased, the heights of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members are sequentially decreased with sequential increase of the apex angles, and the bottom surface side lengths of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members are sequentially decreased with sequential increase of the apex angles, so that the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members can be sequentially sleeved together from outside to inside in the sequential order of sequential increase of the apex angles. This embodiment defines the angle between the elevation and height (axis) of either side of the square pyramid shaped housing member as 2 times the apex angle of the square pyramid shaped housing member, which will be collectively referred to hereinafter for convenience of description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the experimental apparatus provided by the present embodiment includes, for example, five square pyramid-shaped housing members, namely, a first square pyramid-shaped housing member 21, a second square pyramid-shaped housing member 22, a third square pyramid-shaped housing member 23, a fourth square pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and a fifth square pyramid-shaped housing member 25. The bottom surfaces of the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 are all right quadrilaterals, i.e., the bottom surfaces of the five are all right polygons with four sides.
The interiors of the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 are hollow, and the housing thickness of any one of the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 is uniform.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the angle of the apex angle of the first right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 25 increases in order, specifically, the angle of the apex angle 2O 2D2K2 of the second right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 22 is greater than the angle of the apex angle 2O 1D1K1 of the first right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the angle of the apex angle 2O 3D3K3 of the third right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 23 is greater than the angle of the apex angle 2O 2D2K2 of the second right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the angle of the apex angle 2O 4D4K4 of the fourth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 24 is greater than the angle of the apex angle 2O 3D3K3 of the third right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 23, and the angle of the apex angle 2O 5D5K5 of the fifth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 25 is greater than the angle of the apex angle 2O 4D4K4 of the fourth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 24. Further, in the present embodiment, the angle of the apex angle 2O 1D1K1 of the first right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 21 is, for example, 60 °, the angle of the apex angle 2O 2D2K2 of the second right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 22 is, for example, 80 °, the angle of the apex angle 2O 3D3K3 of the third right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 23 is, for example, 100 °, the angle of the apex angle 2O 4D4K4 of the fourth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 24 is, for example, 120 °, and the angle of the apex angle 2O 5D5K5 of the fifth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 25 is, for example, 140 °.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heights of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth right pyramid housing members 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 decrease in order with increasing apex angle, specifically, the height D1O1 of the first right pyramid housing member 21 is greater than the height D2O2 of the second right pyramid housing member 22, the height D2O2 of the second right pyramid housing member 22 is greater than the height D3O3 of the third right pyramid housing member 23, the height D3O3 of the third right pyramid housing member 23 is greater than the height D4O4 of the fourth right pyramid housing member 24, and the height D4O4 of the fourth right pyramid housing member 24 is greater than the height D5O5 of the fifth right pyramid housing member 25.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the base side lengths of the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 decrease in order as the apex angle increases in order, specifically, the base side length E1F1 of the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21 is greater than the base side length E2F2 of the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the base side length E2F2 of the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22 is greater than the base side length E3F3 of the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the base side length E3F3 of the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23 is greater than the base side length E4F4 of the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the base side length E4F4 of the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24 is greater than the base side length E5F5 of the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24 and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 can be sequentially fitted together from the outside to the inside in order of sequentially increasing angle of the apex angle, specifically, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22 can be fitted into the interior cavity of the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23 can be fitted into the interior cavity of the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, and the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24 can be fitted into the interior cavity of the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 can be fitted into the interior cavity of the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, in the present embodiment, if the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members are arranged in order of increasing angles of the circular apex, the number of the angular values of the apex of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members may be equal or different, that is, the difference between the angular values of the apex of any two adjacent regular pyramid-shaped housing members may be equal to the same constant or may not be equal to the same constant. In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, if the plurality of right-angled pyramid-shaped housing members are arranged in order of increasing apex angle, the angle values of the apex angles of the plurality of right-angled pyramid-shaped housing members form an arithmetic progression (i.e., the difference between the angle values of the apex angles of any two adjacent right-angled pyramid-shaped housing members is equal to the same constant). Specifically, when the first right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 25 are arranged in order of increasing apex angle angles, the apex angle 2O 1D1K1 of the first right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the apex angle 2O 2D2K2 of the second right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the apex angle 2O 3D3K3 of the third right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the apex angle 2O 4D4 of the fourth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the apex angle 2O 5D5K5 of the fifth right-square-pyramid-shaped housing member 25 form an arithmetic progression, for example, the arithmetic progression of 60 °, 80 °, 100 °, 120 °, 140 °, and for example, the arithmetic progression of 75 °, 95 °, 115 °, 135 °, 155 °.
In a further preferred implementation of the present embodiment, if the plurality of right-angled pyramid-shaped housing members are arranged in order of increasing apex angle, the numerical range of the tolerance of the arithmetic progression constituted by the numerical values of the angles of the apex angles of the plurality of right-angled pyramid-shaped housing members is 10 ° to 20 °. Specifically, when the first right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 25 are arranged in order of increasing apex angle angles, the numerical range of the tolerance of the arithmetic progression, which is constituted by the apex angle 2O 1D1K1 of the first right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the apex angle 2O 2D2K2 of the second right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the apex angle 2O 3D3K3 of the third right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the apex angle 2O 4D4K4 of the fourth right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the apex angle 2O 5D5K5 of the fifth right-side pyramid-shaped housing member 25, may be 10 ° to 20 °, for example, 10 °, 11 °, 12 °, 13 °, 14 °, 15 °, 16 °, 17 °, 18 °, 18.5 °, 19 °, 20 °, or the like.
In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the plurality of right pyramid shaped housing members are all of the same material. Specifically, the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 are all the same in material.
The shell thickness of the plurality of right pyramid shaped shell members may be the same or different. Specifically, the shell thicknesses of the first right pyramid-shaped shell member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped shell member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped shell member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped shell member 24, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped shell member 25 may be the same or different. In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the plurality of right pyramid shaped shell members each have the same shell thickness. Specifically, the first right square pyramid shaped housing member 21, the second right square pyramid shaped housing member 22, the third right square pyramid shaped housing member 23, the fourth right square pyramid shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right square pyramid shaped housing member 25 all have the same housing thickness.
The use cases of the experimental device provided in this embodiment are as follows:
the first mode of use:
in use, as shown in fig. 3 and 6, for example, the first right pyramid housing member 21, the second right pyramid housing member 22, the third right pyramid housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid housing member 24, and the fifth right pyramid housing member 25 are sequentially nested together from the outside to the inside in order of increasing apex angle, and a user holds or grips the top end of the outermost right pyramid housing member with one hand and tries to remove it with force, thereby exposing the other right pyramid housing member embedded in the interior cavity of the right pyramid housing member, and the above-described actions are repeated until the user cannot remove the current outermost right pyramid housing member no matter what force is applied.
The second mode of use:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in use, for example, the first right pyramid-shaped housing member 21, the second right pyramid-shaped housing member 22, the third right pyramid-shaped housing member 23, the fourth right pyramid-shaped housing member 24, and the fifth right pyramid-shaped housing member 25 are arranged in a line in the order in which the angle of the apex is sequentially increased, and the user holds or holds the tip of the right pyramid-shaped housing member in order in which the angle of the apex is sequentially increased (the order from left to right shown in fig. 1) with one hand and tries to lift it with force until the user cannot lift the right pyramid-shaped housing member regardless of the force applied.
The working principle of the experimental device provided by the embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the present regular-pyramid-shaped housing member is placed on a horizontal plane, DK represents the elevation of the slope on either side of the present regular-pyramid-shaped housing member, and the side on which the elevation DK is located is actually relative to the horizontal planeAn inclined plane OK represents the bottom surface (half of the actual bottom surface) of the current regular pyramid-shaped shell member, the center of the bottom surface of the current regular pyramid-shaped shell member is O, DO is the height (axis) of the current regular pyramid-shaped shell member, and the included angle between any one inclined height DK and the height DO of the current regular pyramid-shaped shell member is(the angle between oblique high DK and high DO +.>Is equal to 2 times the apex angle of the current square pyramid shaped housing member). The hand of the user is applied to the current regular pyramid-shaped housing member at point M and at point M on the oblique height DK, the pressure applied by the hand of the user is F, the direction of the pressure F is perpendicular to the oblique height DK, the maximum static friction force applied by the hand of the user to the current regular pyramid-shaped housing member is F, and the direction of the maximum static friction force F is upward along the oblique plane (oblique height DK).
The pressure F and the maximum static friction force F are orthogonally decomposed, and the component force of the pressure F along the vertical direction is FsinThe direction is vertically downward; the component of the maximum static friction force f in the vertical direction is fcos +.>The direction is vertical upwards. If the current regular-pyramid-shaped housing member is to be lifted, the component fcos of the friction force f in the vertical direction is +>Should be greater than the force component Fsin in the vertical direction of F>I.e. fcos->>Fsin/>. Considering maximum static friction equal to slipDynamic friction, i.e. f=μf, where μ denotes the friction factor between the user's hand and the incline (oblique height DK), so the maximum force component of the maximum static friction force F in the vertical direction is μfcos. Therefore, only when μFcos ++>>Fsin/>It is only possible to lift the current right pyramid-shaped housing member. At this time, μ is obtained by the deformation of the formula>tan/>Further deformation is available,/-><arctan μ. In general, only the angle between the oblique height DK of the present regular-pyramid-shaped housing part and its height DO is +.>Satisfy condition-><The arctan μ is the time the user has to lift the current right pyramid shaped housing member, otherwise the user cannot lift the current right pyramid shaped housing member no matter what force is applied.
The present embodiment is described by taking the inclined height DK on any one side of the present regular pyramid-shaped housing member as an example, and those skilled in the art will readily understand that the working principle of the inclined height DK on other sides of the present regular pyramid-shaped housing member is exactly the same as that of the inclined height DK, and will not be repeated herein.
The present embodiment is described by taking the experimental apparatus including five square pyramid-shaped housing members as an example, and those skilled in the art will readily understand that the number of the square pyramid-shaped housing members included in the experimental apparatus may be adjusted according to actual needs, for example, may be less than five or may be more than five.
The present embodiment is described by taking the experimental apparatus including five square pyramid-shaped housing members as an example, and those skilled in the art will readily understand that the type of the square pyramid-shaped housing members included in the experimental apparatus may be adjusted according to actual needs, for example, the square pyramid-shaped housing members may be square pyramid-shaped housing members, or the square pentagonal pyramid-shaped housing members and the square hexagonal pyramid-shaped housing members … ….
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present utility model are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present utility model. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes or modifications which come within the spirit of the utility model are desired to be protected.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental device for demonstration of friction force, characterized in that the experimental device comprises a plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members, the bottom surfaces of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members are all regular multi-deformation with equal sides, the interiors of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members are hollow, the shell thickness of any one of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members is uniform, the vertex angle of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members sequentially increases progressively, the heights of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members sequentially decrease progressively with sequential increasing vertex angle, and the bottom surface side lengths of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members sequentially decrease progressively with sequential increasing vertex angle, so that the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members can be sequentially sleeved together from outside to inside in sequential increasing vertex angle order.
2. The experimental apparatus for demonstrating friction according to claim 1, wherein if the plurality of right pyramid-shaped housing members are arranged in order of sequentially increasing angle of the apex angle, the angle values of the apex angles of the plurality of right pyramid-shaped housing members constitute an arithmetic progression.
3. The experimental device for demonstration of friction force according to claim 2, wherein if the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members are arranged in order of increasing angle of the apex angle in order, the numerical range of the tolerance of the arithmetic progression constituted by the numerical values of the angles of the apex angles of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped housing members is 10 ° to 20 °.
4. The experimental device for demonstration of friction force according to claim 1, wherein the materials of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members are all the same.
5. The experimental device for demonstration of friction force according to claim 1, wherein the shell thicknesses of the plurality of regular pyramid-shaped shell members are all the same.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202320814715.5U CN219832012U (en) | 2023-04-13 | 2023-04-13 | Experimental device for demonstrating friction force |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202320814715.5U CN219832012U (en) | 2023-04-13 | 2023-04-13 | Experimental device for demonstrating friction force |
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| CN219832012U true CN219832012U (en) | 2023-10-13 |
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| CN202320814715.5U Active CN219832012U (en) | 2023-04-13 | 2023-04-13 | Experimental device for demonstrating friction force |
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