CN219768913U - Polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system using liquid carbon dioxide as foaming agent - Google Patents
Polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system using liquid carbon dioxide as foaming agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN219768913U CN219768913U CN202321104290.5U CN202321104290U CN219768913U CN 219768913 U CN219768913 U CN 219768913U CN 202321104290 U CN202321104290 U CN 202321104290U CN 219768913 U CN219768913 U CN 219768913U
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 polyol compound Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
According to the polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system taking liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent, liquid carbon dioxide and other raw materials are injected into a stirring device in a high-pressure mode to be mixed to obtain a mixture, the mixture is decompressed to a pressure slightly higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide through a discharge port of the stirring device and is sent into a pouring system, when the mixture is sprayed out from the pouring system, the pressure of the mixture is rapidly reduced to the atmospheric pressure, and the mixture is foamed to generate the polyurethane sponge, wherein the carbon dioxide is kept in a liquid state all the time in the metering, conveying and mixing processes, so that the quality of the polyurethane sponge is prevented from being influenced by the early precipitation of the liquid carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, the utility model is provided with the filter and the pouring die, the mixture is filtered and sheared by the filter screen to form uniform and fine carbon dioxide foam seeds, and then the uniform and fine carbon dioxide foam seeds are sprayed out by the pouring die and fall on a conveying chain to be continuously foamed and hardened to form polyurethane foam with uniform foam holes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of polyurethane sponge production, in particular to a polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system taking liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent.
Background
In the case of the known continuous production of polyurethane slabstock sponges, the most common methods are: at least one component containing hydroxyl groups (-OH), especially a polyol compound such as polyether, is mixed with an auxiliary physical foaming agent (commonly used methylene dichloride (MC)), nucleation gas (dry air or nitrogen) and other auxiliary agents, then mixed with a component containing isocyanate groups (-CON), especially isocyanate such as TDI, MDI and the like, then chemical foaming agent (water) and catalyst (tin) are injected into the mixture, the mixture is stirred at high speed and then fed into a continuous operation conveyor belt, one of the products of the final mixture is gaseous carbon dioxide in chemical reaction, a large amount of heat is released during the reaction, MC is heated and rapidly gasified and expanded, and the main product of the mixture reaction rapidly expands under the combined action of nucleation bubbles, MC bubbles and carbon dioxide bubbles generated by the reaction to form polyurethane foam. In order to produce a high quality polyurethane foam, it is necessary to control the foaming process so that the cells of the polyurethane foam are uniformly and finely packed, and it is conventional practice to increase a catalyst to shorten the nucleation time, adjust the stirring speed to promote gas dispersion, adjust the pressure of a mixing head to control the gas precipitation speed, and increase a nucleating agent so as to increase nucleation centers.
Methylene dichloride (MC) is harmful to the environment and personnel health, and is limited to use by being used as a management material in countries around the world. In order to solve the problem, technical specialists in various countries in the world research and verify and explore that liquid carbon dioxide is used for replacing methylene dichloride (MC) to foam, and the carbon dioxide is colorless, odorless, nontoxic and harmless, and the liquid carbon dioxide is used for foaming, so that the foam has the excellent characteristics of stability, flame retardance, high foaming efficiency, lower cost, reasonable foam cell structure and the like.
However, since carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature, it has been unsuitable to produce a polyurethane foam of good quality by using liquid carbon dioxide according to a known process, and thus a production system capable of completing a foaming nucleation process and producing a polyurethane foam of good quality while maintaining the temperature and pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide has been demanded.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a polyurethane sponge step-by-step decompression production system with liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent, wherein the liquid carbon dioxide is used for replacing toxic methylene dichloride (MC) as a physical foaming agent, and the foaming nucleation process is completed under the condition of maintaining the temperature and the pressure of a carbon dioxide liquid phase, so that polyurethane foam with uniform foam holes is produced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:
the polyurethane sponge step-by-step decompression production system taking liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent comprises a feeding system, a stirring device and a pouring system, wherein the feeding system comprises a liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit, an outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit is communicated with a feeding port of the stirring device, and the stirring device is used for uniformly stirring the liquid carbon dioxide and other raw materials under high pressure to obtain a mixture; the discharge port of the stirring device is communicated with the pouring system, the pressure of the mixture is reduced to a pressure slightly higher than the saturated vapor pressure of liquid carbon dioxide through the discharge port of the stirring device and is fed into the pouring system, and after the mixture is sprayed out from the pouring system, the pressure of the mixture is reduced to the atmospheric pressure to foam to form polyurethane sponge.
In some technical schemes, the pouring system comprises a pouring die, the pouring die comprises a discharge runner, the discharge runner is provided with a protruding structure, and the protruding structure is used for enabling a mixture to form turbulence when being sprayed out of the discharge runner so as to be beneficial to bubble generation.
In some technical schemes, the system further comprises a filter, wherein the filter is arranged on a pipeline between a discharge hole of the stirring device and the pouring system and is used for filtering and shearing the mixture to generate micro bubbles.
In some technical schemes, the system also comprises a pressure regulating device, wherein the pressure regulating device comprises a first pressure regulating valve and a second pressure regulating valve, and the first pressure regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between a discharge port of the stirring device and the filter and is used for maintaining the pressure of the mixture to be close to or slightly higher than the dissolution partial pressure of carbon dioxide so as to slow down carbon dioxide precipitation; the second pressure regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between the filter and the pouring system and is used for regulating and reducing the pressure of the mixture so as to accelerate carbon dioxide precipitation.
In some technical schemes, the feeding system further comprises a polyol high-pressure feeding unit, an additive high-pressure feeding unit, an isocyanate high-pressure feeding unit, a chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit, an auxiliary high-pressure feeding unit and a nucleation gas feeding unit which are respectively connected with the feeding port of the stirring device.
In some embodiments, the outlet of the high-pressure polyol feed unit and the outlet of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide feed unit are collected in a static mixer, and the static mixer is used for uniformly mixing the polyol and the liquid carbon dioxide to form an initial mixture; the outlet of the static mixer and the outlet of the additive supply unit are collected in a first high-pressure manifold, and the outlet of the first high-pressure manifold is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring device, so that the additive and the initial mixture are uniformly mixed to form an intermediate mixture; the outlet of the nucleation gas supply unit is communicated with the outlet of the first high-pressure manifold for injecting nucleation gas into the intermediate mixture before entering the stirring device.
In some technical schemes, the pouring die comprises a feeding pipe, a left feeding hole damping plate, a right feeding hole damping plate, a left discharging hole damping plate and a right discharging hole damping plate, wherein the left feeding hole damping plate is provided with a feeding channel, the right feeding hole damping plate is provided with a storage channel, the feeding channel and the storage channel are enclosed to form a storage tank, and a discharging flow channel A is arranged below the storage tank; the left damping plate of the discharge port is arranged below the left damping plate of the feed port, the right damping plate of the discharge port is arranged below the right damping plate of the feed port, a conical discharge flow passage B is arranged between the left damping plate of the discharge port and the right damping plate of the discharge port, the conical discharge flow passage B is provided with a protruding structure, and the conical discharge flow passage B is communicated with the discharge flow passage A.
In some technical schemes, the protruding structure is a corrugated structure, the left damping plate of the discharge port is provided with a first corrugated surface, the right damping plate of the discharge port is provided with a second corrugated surface, and the first corrugated surface and the second corrugated surface are matched to form the corrugated structure.
In some technical schemes, the filter comprises a filter shell and a filter screen, the filter shell sequentially comprises a water inlet section, a diffusion section, a straight line section, a contraction section and a water outlet section according to the water inlet sequence, the cross section area of the water inlet section is the same as the cross section area of the water outlet section and is smaller than the cross section area of the straight line section, and the central axes of the water inlet section, the diffusion section, the straight line section, the contraction section and the water outlet section are on the same straight line; the cross section of the filter screen is U-shaped and is detachably arranged in the filter shell, and a certain gap is reserved between the outer wall of the filter screen and the inner wall of the filter shell to form a filter circulation cavity.
In some technical schemes, the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit, the polyol high-pressure feeding unit, the additive high-pressure feeding unit, the isocyanate high-pressure feeding unit, the chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit and the auxiliary agent high-pressure feeding unit are respectively provided with a feeding storage tank and a self-circulation exhaust pipeline communicated with each feeding storage tank, and are used for exhausting gas in the pipeline so as to accurately measure the dosage; the feeding system further comprises a metering device and a measuring device which are arranged on each self-circulation exhaust pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system using liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the polyurethane sponge step-by-step decompression production system, liquid carbon dioxide and other raw materials are injected into a stirring device in a high-pressure mode to be mixed to obtain a mixture, the mixture is decompressed to a pressure slightly higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide through a discharge port of the stirring device and is sent into a pouring system, when the mixture is sprayed out from the pouring system, the pressure of the mixture is rapidly reduced to the atmospheric pressure, the mixture falls on a conveying chain to be continuously foamed and hardened to generate polyurethane sponge foam, carbon dioxide is kept in a liquid state all the time in the metering, conveying and mixing processes, and the liquid carbon dioxide is prevented from being precipitated in advance to influence the quality of the polyurethane sponge;
2. the pouring system provided by the utility model comprises a filter and a pouring die, wherein the mixture firstly generates uniform and fine carbon dioxide bubbles through the shearing action of a filter screen, then the uniform and fine carbon dioxide bubbles are sprayed out from an outlet runner of the pouring die, the outlet runner of the pouring die is provided with a corrugated structure, when the mixture is rapidly sprayed out from the outlet runner, the mixture is impacted to form turbulence due to rapid change of a section, the pressure of the mixture is rapidly reduced to atmospheric pressure when the mixture is sprayed out, and carbon dioxide is rapidly separated from the mixture and is agglomerated on previous fine bubble cores, so that uniform bubbles are formed and filled among solid matters generated by the reaction;
3. the filter provided by the utility model filters the mixture, avoids the impurity doped in the poured mixture, and the cross section of the filter screen is U-shaped and is detachably arranged in the filter shell, so that a larger filtering area is formed, more impurities are filtered, the efficiency is higher, the replacement and the cleaning are convenient, and the filter is durable;
4. the utility model adopts liquid carbon dioxide to replace toxic methylene dichloride (MC) as a physical foaming agent, has low price, no toxicity and wide sources, and reduces the production cost and environmental pollution of polyurethane sponge.
Drawings
The above features, technical features, advantages and implementation of the present utility model will be further described in the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in a clear and easily understood manner.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a gradual decompression production system for polyurethane sponge provided by the utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pouring system according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a filter according to the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a casting mold provided by the utility model;
fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of X in fig. 4.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a polyol high pressure feed unit; 2-a second high pressure manifold; 3-a liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit; 4-a static mixer; 5-an additive high-pressure feeding unit; 6-a first high pressure manifold; 7-a nucleation gas feed unit; 8-a chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit; 9-an auxiliary agent high-pressure feeding unit; 10-a stirring device; 11-other raw material high-pressure supply unit; 12-an isocyanate high-pressure feeding unit; 13-a first pressure regulating valve; 14-a first filter; 15-a second pressure regulating valve; 16-a first casting mould; 17-a second filter; 18-a third pressure regulating valve; 19-a second pouring die; 20-a filter housing; 21-a filter screen; 22-feeding pipe; 23-a left damping plate of the feed inlet; 24-a right damping plate of the feed inlet; 25-a left damping plate of the discharge hole; 26-a right damping plate of the discharge hole.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will explain the specific embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the utility model, from which other drawings and other embodiments can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
For simplicity of the drawing, only the parts relevant to the utility model are schematically shown in each drawing, and they do not represent the actual structure thereof as a product. Additionally, in order to simplify the drawing for ease of understanding, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are shown schematically with only one of them, or only one of them is labeled. Herein, "a" means not only "only this one" but also "more than one" case.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
In this context, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, in the description of the present utility model, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the polyurethane sponge step-by-step decompression production system using liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent comprises a feeding system, a stirring device 10 and a pouring system, wherein the feeding system comprises a liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit 3, an outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit 3 is communicated with a feeding port of the stirring device 10, and the stirring device 10 is used for uniformly stirring the liquid carbon dioxide and other raw materials under high pressure to obtain a mixture; the discharge port of the stirring device 10 is communicated with the pouring system, the mixture is decompressed to a pressure slightly higher than the saturated vapor pressure of liquid carbon dioxide through the discharge port of the stirring device 10 and is sent into the pouring system, after the mixture is sprayed out from the pouring system, the pressure of the mixture is reduced to the atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide is rapidly separated out from the mixture, and the mixture rapidly foams and grows to form polyurethane sponge.
In this embodiment, the feeding system further includes a polyol high-pressure feeding unit 1, an additive high-pressure feeding unit 5, an isocyanate high-pressure feeding unit 12, a chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit 8, an auxiliary agent high-pressure feeding unit 9, and a nucleation gas feeding unit 7, which are respectively connected to the feed inlet of the stirring device 10, and the above feeding units sequentially introduce the raw materials into the stirring device 10 and uniformly stir with the liquid carbon dioxide to obtain a mixture.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the pouring system comprises a first pouring die 16, the first pouring die 16 comprises a discharge runner, the discharge runner is provided with a convex structure, and when the mixture is sprayed out through the discharge runner, the mixture passes through the convex structure, and the mixture is impacted due to the sharp change of the cross section to form turbulence, so that bubbles are generated, and the foaming effect is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a preferred embodiment of a casting mold, and referring to fig. 4 and 5, the first casting mold 16 includes a feed pipe 22, a left feed port damping plate 23, a right feed port damping plate 24, a left discharge port damping plate 25, and a right discharge port damping plate 26, where the left feed port damping plate 23 is provided with a feed channel, the right feed port damping plate 24 is provided with a storage channel, the feed channel and the storage channel enclose to form a storage tank, and a discharge flow channel a is provided below the storage tank.
The left damping plate 25 of discharge gate sets up in feed inlet left damping plate 23 below, and the right damping plate 26 of discharge gate sets up in feed inlet right damping plate 24 below, is equipped with toper ejection of compact runner B between left damping plate 25 of discharge gate and the right damping plate 26 of discharge gate, and toper ejection of compact runner B is equipped with protruding structure, and toper ejection of compact runner B is linked together with ejection of compact runner A.
More preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the protruding structure of the conical discharging flow channel B is a corrugated structure, the discharging port left damping plate 25 is provided with a first corrugated surface, the discharging port right damping plate 26 is provided with a second corrugated surface, and the first corrugated surface and the second corrugated surface are matched to form a corrugated structure.
When the mixture enters the flow passage B from the flow passage A, the cross section of the mixture changes sharply when passing through the corrugated structure, turbulence is generated due to impact, the generation of bubbles is facilitated, and when the mixture is depressurized to the atmospheric pressure sharply after flowing out of the flow passage B, carbon dioxide is rapidly separated from the mixture and agglomerated on the bubble seeds to form polyurethane foam with uniform bubbles.
In addition, the feeding pipe 22, the left feeding hole damping plate 23, the right feeding hole damping plate 24, the left discharging hole damping plate 25 and the right discharging hole damping plate 26 are all provided with quick-dismantling structures, and the first pouring die 16 can be disassembled for cleaning when not in production, and can be quickly installed for pouring when in production.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the system further comprises a first filter 14 and a pressure regulating device, the first filter 14 is arranged on a pipeline between a discharge hole of the stirring device 10 and the first pouring die 16, the pressure regulating device comprises a first pressure regulator 13 and a second pressure regulator 15, the first pressure regulating valve 13 is arranged on a pipeline between the discharge hole of the stirring device 10 and the first filter 14, the second pressure regulating valve 15 is arranged on a pipeline between the first filter 14 and the first pouring die 16, as shown in fig. 1, an outlet of the stirring device 10 is sequentially communicated with the first pressure regulating valve 13, the first filter 14, the second pressure reducing valve 15 and the first pouring die 16 to form a pouring pipeline, and after the mixture flows out through the first pressure regulating valve 13, the mixture sequentially flows through the first filter 14 and the second pressure regulating valve 15 and enters the first pouring die 16 to be poured to form a polyurethane foam body.
The first pressure regulating valve 13 can regulate the pressure of the mixture output by the stirring device 10 to be 1-3Mpa, and more preferably regulate the pressure of the output mixture according to the part of carbon dioxide in the formula, and the pressure of the output mixture is controlled to be 1-3Mpa so as to maintain the liquid phase of the carbon dioxide.
The second pressure regulating valve 15 regulates the pressure of the mixture flowing through the first filter 14 to be 0.1-0.3MPa lower than the pressure of the mixture in the stirring device 10, the pressure is very close to or slightly higher than the equilibrium dissolution partial pressure of the carbon dioxide in the final mixture, at this time, the carbon dioxide gas separated out by the liquid carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide gas generated by the reaction of the raw materials are uniformly distributed in the mixture, the agglomeration of bubbles is increased, the mixture is sheared and broken by the filter screen 21 to delay the generation of large bubbles, so that the bubbles are more uniform and fine, finally, after being sprayed out by the first pouring die 16, the pressure of the mixture is rapidly reduced to the atmospheric pressure, and the carbon dioxide is rapidly separated out and agglomerated on the bubble seeds to grow to form polyurethane foam with uniform cells.
In order to reduce the shutdown loss caused by the blockage of the first casting mold 16, as shown in fig. 2, a standby casting pipeline is additionally arranged at the outlet of the first pressure regulating valve 13, and the second filter 17, the third pressure regulating valve 18 and the second casting mold 19 are sequentially arranged on the standby casting pipeline. The pressure sensors are arranged on the two pouring pipelines for monitoring the pressure of the mixture in real time, when the pressure in one of the working pipelines exceeds a set value, the pressure can be switched to the standby pouring pipeline for production, the blocked working pipeline is manually disassembled, and the device is reused after cleaning, so that shutdown loss can be avoided.
Example 4
On the basis of example 3, this example provides a preferred embodiment of the first filter 14, as shown in fig. 3, the first filter 14 includes a filter housing 20 and a filter screen 21, the filter housing 20 includes a water inlet section, a diffuser section, a straight line section, a constriction section and a water outlet section in order of water inlet, the cross-sectional area of the water inlet section and the cross-sectional area of the water outlet section are the same and smaller than the cross-sectional area of the straight line section, and the central axes of the water inlet section, the diffuser section, the straight line section, the constriction section and the water outlet section are on the same straight line.
Because the cross-sectional areas of the inlet section and the outlet section of the filter housing 20 are smaller than the cross-sectional areas of the straight sections, the flow velocity of the mixture in the filter housing 20 is changed by the cooperation of the diffuser section and the constrictor section, and the central axes of the inlet section, the diffuser section, the straight sections, the constrictor section and the outlet section are on the same straight line, so that the vortex flow in the filter housing 20 is reduced, and the flow resistance is further reduced.
As shown in fig. 3, the cross section of the filter screen 21 is a U-shaped straight line section and is detachably disposed in the filter housing 20, and a certain gap is formed between the outer wall of the filter screen 21 and the inner wall of the filter housing 20, so as to form a filter circulation cavity, and the width of the filter circulation cavity is S1, and the length of the filter circulation cavity is L. Under the condition of S1 determination, the ratio of the filtering area to the flow area of the inlet section can be 3-5 times by reasonably adjusting the opening ratio of the filter screen 21 and the length L of the filtering flow cavity, so that the requirements of filtering flow can be met, the speed of the mixture flow passing through the filter screen 21 can be maintained, and shearing and generating effects can be generated on the mixture, so that microbubbles are generated.
Further, the filter screen 21 is provided in a U-shape in the filter cylinder, and thus the filter area of the filter screen 21 is much larger than the sectional area of the inlet section of the filter housing 20. The combination of the above-described filter housing structure makes the flow rate of the mixture passing through the filter screen 21 relatively uniform, and sufficiently improves the filtering effect.
Example 5
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit 3, the polyol high-pressure feeding unit 1, the additive high-pressure feeding unit 5, the isocyanate high-pressure feeding unit 12, the chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit 8 and the auxiliary high-pressure feeding unit 9 are respectively provided with a feeding tank and a self-circulation exhaust pipeline communicated with each feeding tank, each self-circulation exhaust pipeline is provided with a metering device and a measuring device, the metering device comprises a metering pump and a mass flowmeter which are sequentially connected, the measuring device comprises a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, as shown in fig. 1, a self-circulation exhaust flow is arranged before the raw materials are fed into the stirring device 10 by the feeding unit, each raw material to be added is pumped from each feeding tank by the metering pump according to a formula, and each raw material is circulated back into the feeding tank in the self-circulation exhaust pipeline in order to remove air existing in the pipeline, so that the consumption of each raw material is conveniently and accurately metered. The outlet of the self-circulation exhaust pipeline is connected with the feed inlet of the stirring device 10 through a three-way valve, a one-way valve and a nozzle which are sequentially connected are further arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the self-circulation exhaust pipeline and the feed inlet of the stirring device 10, when production begins, the three-way valve is switched, various raw materials which are metered in the self-circulation exhaust pipeline are injected into the stirring device 10 through the three-way valve and the one-way valve, and finally, the high-pressure raw materials are injected into the stirring device 10 through the nozzle.
In the present embodiment, the nucleation gas feeding unit 7 preferably employs high-pressure nitrogen gas as the nucleation gas, and the high-pressure nitrogen gas is stored using a combined gas cylinder.
Because the liquid carbon dioxide needs low-temperature high-pressure storage (-18 ℃ to-24 ℃ and 1.85 Mpa) to maintain the liquid phase, the liquid carbon dioxide circulating pipeline is started before the production starts, and the liquid carbon dioxide circulating pipeline can be used for exhausting the gas in the pipeline and cooling all the pipelines and the pipe fittings to prevent carbon dioxide from precipitating.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the liquid carbon dioxide circulation pipeline is preferably provided with an inner circulation cooling pipeline and an outer circulation cooling pipeline, as shown in fig. 1, a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank are connected through a pipeline to form the inner circulation cooling pipeline, and a liquid outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, a liquid carbon dioxide pressure sensor, a liquid carbon dioxide metering pump, a liquid carbon dioxide mass flowmeter and a liquid inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank are sequentially connected in series through the pipeline to form the outer circulation cooling pipeline. Firstly, an internal circulation cooling pipeline is started for a period of time before production, preferably 40 minutes before production, a delivery pump arranged on an outlet pipeline of a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank pumps liquid carbon dioxide into the internal circulation cooling pipeline and returns the liquid carbon dioxide to the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, so that all supply pipelines outside the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank reach a liquid carbon dioxide storage temperature range (-18 ℃ to-24 ℃), and the possibility of gas precipitation caused by temperature rise of liquid carbon dioxide is eliminated. After the internal circulation cooling is performed for more than 30 minutes, the internal circulation cooling pipeline is closed, the external circulation cooling pipeline is opened, and when the temperature in the external circulation cooling pipeline reaches the liquid carbon dioxide storage temperature range, the liquid carbon dioxide is introduced into the stirring device 10 according to the dosage of the formula to be mixed with other raw materials.
Example 6
On the basis of example 5, when polyurethane sponge is produced, a plurality of polyol high-pressure feed units 1 and additive high-pressure feed units 5 can be arranged according to the formula requirement, the outlets of the polyol high-pressure feed units 1 are collected in the second high-pressure manifold 2, the outlets of the additive high-pressure feed units 5 are collected in the first high-pressure manifold 6, each polyol high-pressure feed unit 1 comprises a self-circulation exhaust pipeline, when the formula is required to call the corresponding polyol compound, the corresponding self-circulation exhaust pipeline is opened, and after the exhaust is completed, the metered polyol compounds are introduced into the first high-pressure manifold 2 to be uniformly mixed to form a mixture 1. At the same time, the discharge port of the second high-pressure manifold 2 and the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit 3 are collected in a static mixer 4, the metered liquid carbon dioxide and the mixture 1 are uniformly mixed in the static mixer 4 to form a mixture 2, the outlet of the static mixer 4 and the outlet of the additive high-pressure feeding unit 5 are collected in the feed port of the first high-pressure manifold 6, the mixture 2 and various additives are uniformly mixed in the first high-pressure manifold 6 to form a mixture 3, the discharge port of the first high-pressure manifold 6 is communicated with the feed port of the stirring device 10, the outlet of the nucleation gas feeding unit 7 is communicated with the outlet of the first high-pressure manifold 6, and the mixture 3 is injected with nucleation gas (high-pressure nitrogen) before flowing into the stirring device 10 from the first high-pressure manifold 6 to form a mixture 4, and then is injected into the stirring device 10 to be stirred and mixed with the rest raw materials to form a final mixture.
In practice, the isocyanate high pressure feed unit 12 may be formulated with one or more isocyanate materials, and correspondingly, a plurality of isocyanate high pressure feed units 12 may be provided, with the isocyanate materials preferably being TDI. When a plurality of isocyanate raw materials are adopted in production, the outlets of the high-pressure isocyanate feeding units 12 are gathered in a third high-pressure manifold, and the plurality of isocyanate raw materials are evenly mixed in the third high-pressure manifold and then are divided into 2 paths to be injected into the stirring device 10.
The chemical reactant of the chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit 8 is preferably water, and the auxiliary agent of the auxiliary agent high-pressure feeding unit 9 is preferably tin.
The above-mentioned raw materials are preferably injected into the stirring device 10 in the order of the mixture 4, isocyanate, chemical reactant and auxiliary agent, and the injection order may be adjusted according to the raw materials selected by the formulation and the reaction time of the raw materials.
Preferably, the feeding system is further provided with a high-pressure supply unit 11 of other raw materials, and the outlet of the high-pressure supply unit 11 of other raw materials is communicated with the feeding port of the stirring device 11, so that the high-pressure supply unit of other raw materials can be used as a standby raw material supply unit or other raw materials can be added according to a production formula.
The stirring speed of the stirring device 10 is 1000-6000RPM, and the stirring speed can be adjusted according to the formula.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present utility model, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A polyurethane sponge step-by-step decompression production system using liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent is characterized by comprising a feeding system, a stirring device and a pouring system,
the feeding system comprises a liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit, an outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit is communicated with a feeding port of the stirring device, and the stirring device is used for uniformly stirring the liquid carbon dioxide and other raw materials under high pressure to obtain a mixture;
the discharge port of the stirring device is communicated with the pouring system, the pressure of the mixture is reduced to a pressure slightly higher than the saturated vapor pressure of liquid carbon dioxide through the discharge port of the stirring device and is fed into the pouring system, and after the mixture is sprayed out from the pouring system, the pressure of the mixture is reduced to the atmospheric pressure to foam to form polyurethane sponge.
2. The gradual decompression production system according to claim 1, wherein,
the pouring system comprises a pouring die, the pouring die comprises a discharging runner, the discharging runner is provided with a protruding structure, and the protruding structure is used for enabling a mixture to form turbulence when being sprayed out of the discharging runner so as to be beneficial to bubble generation.
3. The progressive polyurethane sponge pressure reduction production system of claim 1, further comprising:
the filter is arranged on a pipeline between the discharge port of the stirring device and the pouring system and is used for filtering and shearing the mixture to generate micro bubbles.
4. The progressive polyurethane sponge pressure reduction production system as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
the pressure regulating device comprises a first pressure regulating valve and a second pressure regulating valve, wherein the first pressure regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between a discharge port of the stirring device and the filter and is used for maintaining the pressure of the mixture to be close to or higher than the dissolution partial pressure of carbon dioxide so as to slow down carbon dioxide precipitation;
the second pressure regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline between the filter and the pouring system and is used for regulating and reducing the pressure of the mixture so as to accelerate carbon dioxide precipitation.
5. The gradual decompression production system according to claim 1, wherein,
the feeding system further comprises a polyol high-pressure feeding unit, an additive high-pressure feeding unit, an isocyanate high-pressure feeding unit, a chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit, an auxiliary agent high-pressure feeding unit and a nucleation gas feeding unit which are respectively connected with the feeding port of the stirring device.
6. The progressive decompression production system according to claim 5, wherein,
the outlet of the polyol high-pressure feeding unit and the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit are collected in a static mixer, and the static mixer is used for uniformly mixing the polyol and the liquid carbon dioxide to form an initial mixture;
the outlet of the static mixer and the outlet of the additive supply unit are collected in a first high-pressure manifold, and the outlet of the first high-pressure manifold is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring device, so that the additive and the initial mixture are uniformly mixed to form an intermediate mixture;
the outlet of the nucleation gas supply unit is communicated with the outlet of the first high-pressure manifold for injecting nucleation gas into the intermediate mixture before entering the stirring device.
7. The gradual decompression production system according to claim 2, wherein,
the pouring die comprises a feeding pipe, a left feeding hole damping plate, a right feeding hole damping plate, a left discharging hole damping plate and a right discharging hole damping plate,
the left damping plate of the feed inlet is provided with a feed channel, the right damping plate of the feed inlet is provided with a storage channel, the feed channel and the storage channel are enclosed to form a storage tank, and a discharge flow channel A is arranged below the storage tank;
the left damping plate of the discharge port is arranged below the left damping plate of the feed port, the right damping plate of the discharge port is arranged below the right damping plate of the feed port, a conical discharge flow passage B is arranged between the left damping plate of the discharge port and the right damping plate of the discharge port, the conical discharge flow passage B is provided with a protruding structure, and the conical discharge flow passage B is communicated with the discharge flow passage A.
8. The progressive decompression production system according to claim 7, wherein,
the protruding structure is the ripple structure, discharge gate left damping board is equipped with first ripple face, discharge gate right damping board is equipped with the second ripple face, first ripple face with the second ripple face cooperatees and forms the ripple structure.
9. A polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system according to claim 3, wherein,
the filter comprises a filter shell and a filter screen, wherein the filter shell sequentially comprises a water inlet section, a diffusion section, a straight line section, a contraction section and a water outlet section according to the water inlet sequence, the cross section area of the water inlet section is the same as the cross section area of the water outlet section and smaller than the cross section area of the straight line section, and the central axes of the water inlet section, the diffusion section, the straight line section, the contraction section and the water outlet section are on the same straight line;
the section of the filter screen is U-shaped and is detachably arranged in the filter shell, and a gap is reserved between the outer wall of the filter screen and the inner wall of the filter shell to form a filter circulation cavity.
10. The progressive decompression production system according to claim 5, wherein,
the liquid carbon dioxide high-pressure feeding unit, the polyol high-pressure feeding unit, the additive high-pressure feeding unit, the isocyanate high-pressure feeding unit, the chemical reactant high-pressure feeding unit and the auxiliary agent high-pressure feeding unit are respectively provided with a feeding storage tank and a self-circulation exhaust pipeline communicated with each feeding storage tank, and are used for exhausting gas in the pipeline so as to accurately measure the dosage;
the feeding system further comprises a metering device and a measuring device which are arranged on each self-circulation exhaust pipeline.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202321104290.5U CN219768913U (en) | 2023-05-09 | 2023-05-09 | Polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system using liquid carbon dioxide as foaming agent |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202321104290.5U CN219768913U (en) | 2023-05-09 | 2023-05-09 | Polyurethane sponge gradual decompression production system using liquid carbon dioxide as foaming agent |
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