CN219755437U - Explosion-proof valve structure and battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an explosion-proof valve structure, which comprises a valve body, and further comprises a one-way valve, wherein the one-way valve is arranged in the valve body, an exhaust channel is arranged in the one-way valve and is used for exhausting gas in a battery pack when the battery pack is out of control, and the one-way valve is in one-way conduction in the direction that air flow is exhausted out of the valve body from the battery pack through the exhaust channel. The utility model can prevent external gas from flowing back into the battery pack after the thermal runaway is restrained, avoid the secondary thermal runaway of the battery pack, and improve the safety and reliability of the battery pack. The utility model also discloses a battery.

Description

Explosion-proof valve structure and battery

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of explosion-proof valves, in particular to an explosion-proof valve structure and a battery.

Background

As the stability of the battery with high energy density is relatively reduced, the electric automobile has more and more fire accidents caused by thermal runaway of the battery, and the battery safety is more and more important.

Once the battery pack is out of control, the air pressure in the battery pack is rapidly increased, and if the battery pack cannot be timely exhausted and depressurized, severe fire and explosion can be caused, so that serious casualties and property loss are caused. A corresponding number of explosion-proof valve products may be installed on the battery pack to address the waterproof, explosion-proof, and venting requirements of the power battery system. However, in the existing battery pack explosion-proof valve technology, after thermal runaway of the battery pack is restrained, external gas can flow back into the battery pack through the explosion-proof valve, so that secondary thermal runaway of the battery pack can be possibly caused, and a certain safety risk exists.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide an explosion-proof valve structure and a battery, which prevent external air from flowing back into a battery pack after thermal runaway is restrained, avoid causing secondary thermal runaway of the battery pack and improve the safety and reliability of the battery pack.

The aim of the utility model is achieved by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an explosion-proof valve structure, which comprises a valve body, and further comprises a one-way valve, wherein the one-way valve is arranged in the valve body, an exhaust channel is arranged in the one-way valve and is used for exhausting gas in a battery pack when the battery pack is out of control, and the one-way valve is in one-way conduction in the direction that air flow is exhausted out of the valve body from the battery pack through the exhaust channel.

In one embodiment, a mounting hole is formed in the valve body, and the one-way valve is fixedly mounted in the mounting hole.

In an embodiment, the mounting hole is a threaded hole, an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the one-way valve, and the one-way valve is in threaded connection with the mounting hole.

In an embodiment, the valve body includes an end seat and a fixing seat, a mounting groove is formed in the end seat, the fixing seat is disposed in the mounting groove and fixedly connected with the end seat, and the mounting hole is formed in the fixing seat.

In an embodiment, the explosion-proof valve structure further comprises a piston, the piston comprises a plug cylinder, the plug cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed seat, and the piston moves under the pushing action of air flow to open an exhaust path of the explosion-proof valve structure.

In an embodiment, the valve body further comprises an end cover, the end cover is fixedly connected with the upper end of the plug cylinder, an air outlet groove is formed in the upper surface of the end seat, the end cover is arranged at the air outlet groove, the end cover seals the air outlet groove when no exhaust is carried out, and the end cover moves under the pushing action of air flow to open the air outlet groove when the exhaust is carried out. In another embodiment, the end cap is disposed within the gas outlet groove.

In an embodiment, the piston further comprises a limiting block and a spring, the limiting block is arranged on the outer wall of the lower end of the plug cylinder, a limiting plate is arranged at the top of the mounting groove, a through hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the plug cylinder, of the limiting plate, the upper end of the plug cylinder penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the end cover, the spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the plug cylinder, and two ends of the spring are fixedly connected with the limiting block and the limiting plate respectively.

In an embodiment, an air outlet hole is formed in the outer wall of one end of the plug cylinder in a penetrating manner, when the piston is jacked up, the position of the air outlet hole corresponds to the air outlet groove, and the air outlet hole communicates the air outlet channel with the air outlet groove.

In one embodiment, a ventilation opening is formed in the end cover at a position corresponding to the plug cylinder, and a waterproof and breathable film is installed on the ventilation opening.

In one embodiment, the one-way valve is a tesla valve.

The utility model also provides a battery, which comprises a battery pack and the explosion-proof valve structure, wherein the valve body of the explosion-proof valve structure is arranged on the shell of the battery pack.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: through set up the check valve in the valve body, the air current only flows out the external direction of valve from the exhaust passage of check valve in the battery package and on one way switches on, makes the gas that produces in the battery package in time get rid of outside the battery package through the check valve, avoids the battery package to fire or explode violently, and after thermal runaway is restrained, external gas can not flow back into the battery package through the check valve, has avoided the secondary thermal runaway that causes the battery package, improves the fail safe nature of battery package.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a check valve according to an embodiment of the present utility model before the check valve is mounted on a valve body;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the check valve of FIG. 1 after it has been installed in a valve body;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the automatic opening of the explosion proof valve structure at the time of thermal runaway of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a check valve according to another embodiment of the present utility model after the check valve is mounted to a valve body;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the explosion proof valve structure of FIG. 9 automatically opening upon thermal runaway;

FIG. 11 is a schematic flow diagram of fluid passing positively through a Tesla valve;

fig. 12 is a schematic flow diagram of the fluid flow in reverse through a tesla valve.

In the figure: the valve comprises a valve body, an end seat, a mounting groove, a ring, a limiting plate, a sealing ring, a fixing seat, a mounting hole, an end cover, a vent, a waterproof and breathable membrane, a check valve, a vent channel, a piston, a plug, a spring, a stopper, and a vent hole.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.

In the description of the present utility model, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms described above will be understood to those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific context.

The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used as references to orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationships in which the inventive product is conventionally disposed in use, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.

The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are merely used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for indicating or implying a relative importance or order.

The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed.

The utility model provides an explosion-proof valve structure, which comprises a valve body 1 for being mounted on a shell of a battery pack, and a one-way valve 2 is mounted in the valve body 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 8. The check valve 2 is provided therein with a vent passage 21, and the vent passage 21 is used to vent gas in the battery pack when thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs. The check valve 2 is a one-way conduction in the direction in which the air flow is discharged from the inside of the battery pack to the outside of the valve body 1 via the air discharge passage 21. According to the utility model, the one-way valve 2 is arranged in the valve body 1, so that air flow is conducted in one way only in the direction of the exhaust channel 21 from the battery pack to the one-way valve 2, and air generated in the battery pack can be discharged out of the battery pack through the one-way valve 2 in time, so that severe fire or explosion of the battery pack is avoided; after thermal runaway is restrained, because the one-way valve 2 is in one-way conduction, external gas cannot flow back into the battery pack through the one-way valve 2, so that secondary thermal runaway of the battery pack is prevented from being caused, and the safety and reliability of the battery pack are improved.

As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, a mounting hole 121 is provided in the valve body 1, and the check valve 2 is fixedly mounted in the mounting hole 121. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the mounting holes 121 are provided in the T direction. When the valve body 1 is of a cylindrical structure, the T direction is the axial direction of the valve body 1. One end of the check valve 2 can be communicated with the inside of the battery pack, the other end of the check valve 2 can be communicated with the outside of the explosion-proof valve structure, and gas in the battery pack is discharged through the exhaust channel 21 in the check valve 2.

As one embodiment, the mounting hole 121 is a threaded hole, and the outer wall of the check valve 2 is provided with external threads, and the check valve 2 is in threaded connection with the mounting hole 121. The check valve 2 and the valve body 1 are convenient to assemble and disassemble, convenient to replace in the later period, and in addition, due to the integrated structure, the installation procedure and the space consumption are saved.

As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the valve body 1 includes an end seat 11 and a fixing seat 12, a mounting groove 111 is formed in the end seat 11, the fixing seat 12 is disposed in the mounting groove 111 and fixedly connected with the end seat 11, and a mounting hole 121 is formed in the fixing seat 12. Further, the lower end of the fixing seat 12 is connected with the end seat 11 through the circular ring 112, the inner wall of the circular ring 112 is connected with the outer wall of the fixing seat 12, the outer wall of the circular ring 112 is connected with the inner wall of the end seat 11, the overall stability of the explosion-proof valve structure can be improved, the tightness of the explosion-proof valve structure is ensured, and the gas in the battery pack can be discharged only through the one-way valve 2 and the outside. Furthermore, the end seat 11 is of a T-shaped structure, external threads are arranged on the outer wall of the lower end part of the end seat 11, the end seat 11 is in threaded connection with the shell of the battery pack, and the battery pack is convenient to install and detach and good in stability. The sealing ring 115 is arranged on the lower surface of the upper end part of the end seat 11, so that the tightness of the connection between the end seat 11 and the shell of the battery pack is further improved, the air flow in the battery pack can be discharged only through the one-way valve 2, and the condition that external air flows back into the battery pack from the connection part to cause secondary thermal runaway of the battery pack is avoided.

As an implementation manner, as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the explosion-proof valve structure further includes a piston 3, the piston 3 includes a plug cylinder 31, the plug cylinder 31 is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixing seat 12, and the piston 3 moves along the T direction under the pushing action of the airflow of the exhaust gas to open the exhaust path of the explosion-proof valve structure, so that the gas generated by the battery pack can be exhausted out of the battery pack.

As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 to 8, the valve body 1 further includes an end cap 13, the end cap 13 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the plug 31, the upper surface of the end seat 11 is provided with an air outlet groove 114, the end cap 13 is arranged at the air outlet groove 114, the end cap 13 seals the air outlet groove 114 when not exhausting, and the end cap 13 moves along the T direction under the air flow pushing action of the exhaust gas when exhausting to open the air outlet groove 114, so that the air outlet groove 114 is communicated with the exhaust channel 21. When the battery pack works normally, the internal air pressure of the battery pack is balanced with the atmospheric pressure, the piston 3 is not stressed, the end cover 13 seals the air outlet groove 114 to prevent dust, water vapor or other impurities from falling into the air outlet channel 21 of the one-way valve 2 so as to block the air outlet channel 21 and influence the normal air outlet of the air outlet channel 21; when thermal runaway occurs, the air pressure inside the battery pack is far greater than the external air pressure, and when the air flow in the battery pack is discharged through the air discharge channel 21 of the one-way valve 2, the end cover 13 is ejected out of the air outlet groove 114, the air outlet groove 114 is exposed, the air outlet groove 114 is communicated with the air discharge channel 21, and the air flow is discharged through the air outlet groove 114.

As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the piston 3 further includes a stopper 33 and a spring 32, the stopper 33 is disposed on an outer wall of a lower end of the plug 31, a limiting plate 113 is disposed at a top of the mounting groove 111, a through hole (not shown) is formed in a position of the limiting plate 113 corresponding to the plug 31, an upper end of the plug 31 passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the end cover 13, the spring 32 is sleeved on the outer wall of the plug 31, and two ends of the spring 32 are fixedly connected with the stopper 33 and the limiting plate 113 respectively. When thermal runaway occurs, the battery cell generates a large amount of heat and gas, and at this time, the gas pressure inside the battery pack is far greater than the external atmospheric pressure, the piston 3 is pushed to move toward the gas outlet groove 114, the spring 32 is contracted, the end cap 13 is pushed to move upward, and the gas outlet groove 114 is exposed to the outside, so that the gas is exhausted through the gas outlet groove 114, as shown in fig. 8; when the thermal runaway is completed, the spring 32 resumes its shape, and the end cap 13 reseals the air vent groove 114, as shown in fig. 6.

As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, an air outlet hole 34 is formed through an outer wall of one end of the plug 31, when the piston 3 is lifted by the air flow of the exhaust gas along the direction T, the position of the air outlet hole 34 corresponds to the air outlet groove 114, and the air outlet hole 34 communicates the air outlet channel 21 with the air outlet groove 114. Further, an air outlet hole 34 is provided in the outer wall of the plug 31 near one end of the end cover 13. When the valve body 1 is in thermal runaway, the end cover 13 is jacked up, the air outlet hole 34 faces the air outlet groove 114, the air flow in the battery pack is sequentially discharged through the air outlet channel 21, the air outlet hole 34 and the air outlet groove 114 of the one-way valve 2, and the air flow direction is shown as an arrow indication direction. Further, the number of the air outlet holes 34 may be plural, for example, two or three in the circumferential direction of the plug 31, to increase the exhaust rate.

As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, a ventilation opening 131 is formed in the end cover 13 at a position corresponding to the plug 31, and a waterproof and breathable film 132 is mounted on the ventilation opening 131. When the battery pack works normally, the waterproof and breathable film 3 arranged on the breathable port 131 can prevent water from entering the battery pack, so that a waterproof effect is achieved. When thermal runaway occurs, the waterproof breathable film 132 can assist in exhausting, as shown in fig. 10, and the airflow is exhausted outside through the air outlet groove 114, so that the ventilation opening 131 is realized to assist in exhausting, and the exhausting rate is improved.

As an embodiment, the one-way valve 2 is a tesla valve. The tesla valve employs a special circuit design, where when fluid passes through the tesla valve in the forward direction S, the fluid splits into two at each circuit port, after which the two fluid will converge at the next junction, as shown in fig. 11. Thus, the fluid can flow easily with less resistance when flowing through the tesla valve. Conversely, if fluid flows into the tesla valve in the reverse direction W, the fluid will be split into two paths at the first junction and will converge again at the second junction, except that this time, the flow directions of the two paths of fluid are opposite, so that a great resistance is formed, as shown in fig. 12. Thus, tesla valves can only pass in the forward direction S, but it is difficult to reverse W counter-flow. Meanwhile, the Tesla valve is a fixed space structure, fluid can flow unidirectionally without mechanical movement, the possibility of damaging functions due to corrosion or abrasion of internal parts is reduced, and the Tesla valve is more wear-resistant and durable.

As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the length of the non-return valve 2 is greater than the maximum distance that the piston 3 moves, avoiding the risk of the non-return valve 2 separating from the piston 3 in the event of thermal runaway.

As an embodiment, the tesla valve is made of a high temperature resistant composite or metal material. Compared with a valve type backflow prevention structure, the valve is single in material selection and can be selected from silica gel materials only. And the gas temperature that produces when battery thermal runaway probably is higher than the temperature upper limit of silica gel material, leads to silica gel to melt or damage, can't realize the function of preventing backward flow after thermal runaway. And the tesla valve can effectively adapt to the function of backflow prevention after the power supply Chi Baore is out of control.

The utility model also provides a battery, which comprises a battery pack and the explosion-proof valve structure, wherein the valve body 1 of the explosion-proof valve structure is arranged on the shell of the battery pack.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

(1) The one-way valve structure is added in the normal working channel of the explosion-proof valve, so that after the thermal runaway of the battery pack is restrained, the external gas is difficult to flow back into the battery pack, and the risk of secondary thermal runaway caused by the external gas backflow is avoided to a great extent;

(2) The explosion-proof valve can only exhaust through the one-way valve 2 during exhaust, so that the phenomenon that when the piston 3 of the explosion-proof valve is damaged, the piston 3 cannot be automatically reset, and a large amount of gas flows back is avoided;

(3) The one-piece structure of the one-way valve 2 and the valve body 1 is convenient to install and saves space consumption.

The present utility model is not limited to the preferred embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in detail, and other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (11)

1. The utility model provides an explosion-proof valve structure, includes valve body (1), its characterized in that, explosion-proof valve structure still includes check valve (2), check valve (2) install in valve body (1), be equipped with exhaust passage (21) in check valve (2), exhaust passage (21) are used for the battery package to discharge the gas in the battery package when taking place thermal runaway, check valve (2) are the air current follow in the battery package via exhaust passage (21) discharge in the direction outside valve body (1) one-way switch on.

2. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 1, wherein a mounting hole (121) is formed in the valve body (1), and the check valve (2) is fixedly mounted in the mounting hole (121).

3. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 2, wherein the mounting hole (121) is a threaded hole, an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the check valve (2), and the check valve (2) is in threaded connection with the mounting hole (121).

4. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 2, wherein the valve body (1) comprises an end seat (11) and a fixed seat (12), a mounting groove (111) is formed in the end seat (11), the fixed seat (12) is arranged in the mounting groove (111) and fixedly connected with the end seat (11), and the mounting hole (121) is formed in the fixed seat (12).

5. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 4, further comprising a piston (3), wherein the piston (3) comprises a plug cylinder (31), the plug cylinder (31) is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed seat (12), and the piston (3) moves under the action of air flow pushing to open an exhaust path of the explosion-proof valve structure.

6. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 5, wherein the valve body (1) further comprises an end cover (13), the end cover (13) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the plug cylinder (31), an air outlet groove (114) is formed in the upper surface of the end seat (11), the end cover (13) is arranged at the air outlet groove (114), the end cover (13) seals the air outlet groove (114) when no air is exhausted, and the end cover (13) moves under the pushing action of air flow to open the air outlet groove (114) when the air is exhausted.

7. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 6, wherein the piston (3) further comprises a limiting block (33) and a spring (32), the limiting block (33) is arranged on the outer wall of the lower end of the plug cylinder (31), a limiting plate (113) is arranged at the top of the mounting groove (111), a through hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the plug cylinder (31), of the limiting plate (113), the upper end of the plug cylinder (31) penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the end cover (13), the spring (32) is sleeved on the outer wall of the plug cylinder (31), and two ends of the spring (32) are fixedly connected with the limiting block (33) and the limiting plate (113) respectively.

8. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 6, wherein an air outlet hole (34) is formed in an outer wall of one end of the plug cylinder (31) in a penetrating manner, when the piston (3) is jacked up, the position of the air outlet hole (34) corresponds to the air outlet groove (114), and the air outlet hole (34) communicates the air outlet channel (21) with the air outlet groove (114).

9. The explosion-proof valve structure according to claim 6, wherein a ventilation opening (131) is formed in the end cover (13) at a position corresponding to the plug cylinder (31), and a waterproof and breathable film (132) is mounted on the ventilation opening (131).

10. An explosion-proof valve arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the non-return valve (2) is a tesla valve.

11. A battery comprising a battery pack and an explosion-proof valve structure according to any one of claims 1-10, a valve body (1) of the explosion-proof valve structure being mounted on a housing of the battery pack.