CN219711714U - Automatic control system for hydroelectric power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic control system for hydroelectric power generation, which comprises a drainage tube, a water turbine, a generator, a speed regulating assembly and a control unit, wherein the drainage tube is communicated between the water turbine and the speed regulating assembly, the generator is connected with the water turbine, the control unit is electrically connected with the water turbine, the generator and the speed regulating assembly, the speed regulating assembly comprises a shell, an adjusting block, a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic power device, the shell is communicated with the drainage tube, the adjusting block is arranged in the shell in a sliding manner, the adjusting block is connected with a telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is fixed at the top outside the shell through a bracket, and the hydraulic power device is connected with the hydraulic cylinder through a hydraulic pipe. According to the hydraulic control system, under the control of the control unit, hydraulic oil is pumped into the hydraulic cylinder through the hydraulic power device, the telescopic rod is driven to extend or retract, the adjusting block is driven to lift in the shell, so that the opening degree of the adjusting block is adjusted, water flow passing through the shell is adjusted, the rotating speed of the water turbine is adjusted, and the frequency of output electric energy is guaranteed to meet the power supply requirement.

Description

Automatic control system for hydroelectric power generation

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of hydropower station equipment, in particular to an automatic control system for hydropower generation.

Background

The hydropower station is a facility for converting water energy into electric energy, and the principle is that a water wheel is driven by water flow so as to drive a generator to generate electricity. During operation, in order to ensure stable output of electric energy, water flow needs to be controlled and regulated, so that the rotating speed of the water wheel is regulated, the frequency of output electric energy is ensured to meet the power supply requirement, but the existing water wheel speed regulating mechanism is complex, the regulating precision is low, and the rotating speed stability is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide an automatic control system for hydroelectric power generation.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the automatic control system for hydraulic power generation comprises a drainage tube, a water turbine, a generator, a speed regulating assembly and a control unit, wherein one end of the drainage tube is connected with the water turbine, the other end of the drainage tube is connected with the speed regulating assembly, the generator is connected with a main shaft of the water turbine, the control unit is electrically connected with the water turbine, the generator and the speed regulating assembly, the speed regulating assembly comprises a shell, an adjusting block, a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic power device, the shell is communicated with the drainage tube, the adjusting block is slidably arranged in the shell and corresponds to the pipe diameter of the drainage tube, the top of the adjusting block is connected with a telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is fixed at the top outside the shell through a support, and the hydraulic power device is connected with the hydraulic cylinder through a hydraulic pipe. Under the control of the control unit, hydraulic oil in the hydraulic power device is pumped into the hydraulic cylinder to drive the telescopic rod to extend or retract so as to drive the adjusting block to lift in the shell, adjust the opening of the orifice of the drainage tube and adjust the water flow in the shell, thereby adjusting the rotating speed of the water turbine so as to ensure that the frequency of the output electric energy meets the power supply requirement.

Further, a displacement sensor is arranged on the support, a rotating speed sensor is arranged beside the main shaft, and the displacement sensor and the rotating speed sensor are electrically connected with the control unit. The displacement sensor detects the position signal of the telescopic rod, the rotating speed sensor detects the rotating speed of the main shaft and feeds the rotating speed back to the control unit, so that closed-loop control is realized.

Further, an electrohydraulic servo valve is arranged on the hydraulic pipe and is electrically connected with the control unit. The hydraulic oil with modulated flow and pressure is rapidly output through the liquid servo valve so as to accurately control the hydraulic cylinder and further accurately control the lifting position of the regulating block.

Further, a plurality of through holes are formed in the adjusting block, a sliding groove is formed in the top of the adjusting block, a flashboard is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, the flashboard is perpendicular to the through holes, a rack is arranged on the back of the flashboard, a driving piece is arranged on the top of the adjusting block, a gear is arranged at the output end of the driving piece, the gear is meshed with the rack, and the driving piece is electrically connected with the control unit. The flashboard is driven by the driving piece to lift in the chute 4, so that the water flow in the through hole passing through the regulating block is finely regulated, the regulating precision is improved, and the rotating speed stability of the water turbine is ensured.

Further, a limit switch is arranged at the top of the flashboard, and the limit switch is electrically connected with the control unit. And a signal is fed back to the control unit through the limit switch so as to control the driving piece to stop rotating, thereby ensuring the operation safety of the device.

Further, the inlet is formed in the side wall of the shell, the outlet is formed in the opposite side wall of the shell, and the outlet is communicated with the drainage tube through the flange, so that the later-stage disassembly, assembly and maintenance are facilitated.

Further, the peripheral outer walls of the adjusting block are in sealing contact with the inner wall of the shell. Ensure that the water in the casing can't leak to the top region of regulating block, influence the regulating block and go up and down to move.

Further, a bypass flow pipe is communicated with the water turbine, a pressure regulating valve is arranged on the bypass flow pipe, and the pressure regulating valve is electrically connected with the control unit. By providing a bypass flow tube and a pressure regulating valve, the pressure during hydraulic transients is reduced.

Further, the bottom of the water turbine is communicated with a draft tube, and the water outlet end of the bypass flow-through tube is communicated with the draft tube so as to supplement the entering draft water to reduce the gradient of the flow rate change rate in the draft tube, and play a role in protecting the minimum pressure of the draft tube.

Further, a flowmeter and a pressure sensor are arranged on the drainage tube, and the flowmeter and the pressure sensor are electrically connected with the control unit.

The beneficial effects of the utility model include: under the control of the control unit 11, hydraulic oil is pumped out through a hydraulic power device and then enters a hydraulic cylinder to drive a telescopic rod to extend or retract so as to drive an adjusting block to lift in the shell, so that the opening of a pipe orifice of a drainage pipe is adjusted, and the water flow passing through the shell is adjusted, so that the rotating speed of a water turbine is adjusted, and the frequency of output electric energy is ensured to meet the power supply requirement; the flashboard is driven to lift in the chute through the driving piece, and then the water flow in the through hole through the regulating block is finely adjusted, errors caused by inertial drift when the regulating block is driven to lift by the hydraulic cylinder are corrected, the regulation and control precision is improved, and the stability of the rotating speed of the water turbine is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a water-based power generation automatic control system in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a speed regulating assembly in an embodiment of the utility model with a housing cut away.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an adjustment block in an embodiment of the utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a housing in an embodiment of the utility model.

Fig. 5 is a system block diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.

Reference numerals: 1, a drainage tube; 2, a water turbine; 201 main shaft; 3, a generator; 4, a speed regulating assembly; 401 a housing; 4011 inlet; 4012 outlet; 4013 flange; 402 a conditioning block; 4021 a through hole; 4022 a chute; 4023 a flashboard; 4024 a rack; 4025 a drive; 4026 a gear; 4027 a limit switch; 403 hydraulic cylinder; 4031 telescoping rod; 404 a hydraulic power unit; 405 a bracket; 406 hydraulic tubing; 407 electro-hydraulic servo valve; 5, a displacement sensor; 6, a rotation speed sensor; 7, bypassing the flow pipe; 701 a pressure regulating valve; 8 draft tubes; a 9 flowmeter; a 10 pressure sensor; 11 control unit.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved by the embodiments of the present utility model more clear, the present utility model is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection may be for both the fixing action and the circuit communication action.

It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing embodiments of the utility model and to simplify the description by referring to the figures, rather than to indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in the automatic control system for hydroelectric power generation disclosed in one embodiment, the automatic control system for hydroelectric power generation comprises a drainage tube 1, a water turbine 2, a generator 3, a speed regulating assembly 4 and a control unit 11, wherein the drainage tube 1 is made of steel tubes, one end of the drainage tube 1 is connected with a water inlet of the water turbine 2, the other end of the drainage tube 1 is connected with the speed regulating assembly 4, the generator 3 is connected with a main shaft 201 of the water turbine 2, the control unit 11 is electrically connected with the water turbine 2, the generator 3 and the speed regulating assembly 4, the control unit 11 is preferably controlled by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the speed regulating assembly 4 comprises a shell 401, a regulating block 402, a hydraulic cylinder 403 and a hydraulic power device 404, the shell 401 is communicated with the drainage tube 1, reservoir upstream water is communicated with the shell 401, so that upstream water can flow into the drainage tube 1 through the shell 401, the regulating block 402 is slidably arranged inside the shell 401 and corresponds to the pipe diameter of the drainage tube 1, the height inside the shell 401 is larger than the regulating block 402, the side wall area of the regulating block 402 is larger than the pipe diameter of the drainage tube 1, so that the regulating block 402 can slide up and down or open the pipe mouth of the drainage tube 1, the top of the regulating block 402 is preferably controlled by a programmable logic controller, the hydraulic cylinder 403 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder 403 through the hydraulic cylinder 405, and the hydraulic power device is fixedly connected with the hydraulic cylinder 405 through the hydraulic cylinder 403. In this embodiment, the hydraulic power device 404 is a power supply device of the speed regulating assembly 4, under the control of the control unit 11, hydraulic oil is pumped out through the hydraulic power device 404 and then enters the hydraulic cylinder 403, and drives the telescopic rod 4031 to extend or retract, so as to drive the adjusting block 402 to lift inside the housing 401, adjust the opening of the pipe orifice of the drainage pipe 1, and adjust the passing water flow, thereby adjusting the rotation speed of the water turbine, so as to ensure that the frequency of the output electric energy meets the power supply requirement.

The support 405 is provided with a displacement sensor 5, the main shaft 201 is provided with a rotating speed sensor 6 beside, the displacement sensor 5 and the rotating speed sensor 6 are electrically connected with the control unit 11, the displacement sensor 5 is used for detecting a lifting position signal of the telescopic rod 4031 and feeding back to the control unit 11, the rotating speed sensor 6 is used for detecting the rotating speed of the main shaft 201 of the water turbine 2 and feeding back to the control unit 11, after analysis and calculation by the control unit 1, the control signal is output and sent to the speed regulating assembly 4, and the opening degree of the opening of the regulating block 402 is automatically regulated to perform closed loop control.

An electrohydraulic servo valve 407 is provided on the hydraulic line 406, and the electrohydraulic servo valve 407 is electrically connected to the control unit 11. In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 403 preferably adopts a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure oil from the hydraulic power device 404 enters the hydraulic cylinder 403 after passing through the electrohydraulic servo valve 407, and after the electrohydraulic servo valve 407 receives the control signal sent by the control unit 11, the hydraulic oil with modulated flow and pressure is output correspondingly, so as to accurately control the hydraulic cylinder 403, and further accurately control the lifting position of the adjusting block 402.

A plurality of through holes 4021 are formed in the adjusting block 402, a sliding groove 4022 is formed in the top of the adjusting block 402, the sliding groove 4022 extends from the top of the adjusting block 402 to the bottom, a flashboard 4023 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove 4022, the flashboard 4023 is perpendicular to the through holes 4021, a rack 4024 is arranged on the back face of the flashboard 4023, a driving piece 4025 is arranged on the top of the adjusting block 402, the driving piece 4025 preferably adopts a servo motor or a stepping motor, a gear 4026 is arranged at the output end of the driving piece 4025, the gear 4026 is meshed with the rack 4024, and the driving piece 4025 is electrically connected with the control unit 11. When adjusting the rivers in the drainage tube 1, because the lift of regulating block 402 has inertial drift, can arouse that rivers fluctuation error is great, drives flashboard 4023 through driving piece 4025 and goes up and down in spout 4022 this moment, and then finely tunes the rivers in the through-hole 4021 through regulating block 402, promotes regulation and control precision, ensures that the hydraulic turbine rotational speed is stable.

A limit switch 4027 is provided on the top of the shutter 4023, and the limit switch 4027 is electrically connected to the control unit 11. When the control flashboard 4023 ascends and slides to the topmost end in the chute 4022, the limit switch 4027 can be propped up to the top in the shell 401 and feeds back a signal to the control unit 11, the control unit 11 sends out a control signal to control the driving piece 4025 to stop rotating, and safety is ensured.

An inlet 4011 is formed in the side wall of the shell 401, an outlet 4012 is formed in the surface of the opposite side wall, the outlet 4012 is communicated with the drainage tube 1 through a flange 4013, and the inlet 4011 is connected with a pipeline at the upstream of the reservoir through the flange 4013, so that the subsequent maintenance, disassembly and assembly are facilitated.

The peripheral outer walls of the regulating block 402 are sealed against the inner walls of the housing 401, preventing water within the housing 401 from leaking to the top area of the regulating block 402.

The water turbine 2 is connected to a bypass flow pipe 7, and a pressure regulating valve 701 is provided to the bypass flow pipe 7, and the pressure regulating valve 701 is electrically connected to the control unit 11. When the load of the water turbine 2 changes rapidly, the adjusting block 402 is closed rapidly according to a preset action rule to form a water hammer phenomenon, the pressure at the tail end of the water turbine 2 rises rapidly, the rotating speed rises, meanwhile, the pressure of the tail water inlet is reduced under the influence of the inertia of the water body, the pressure regulating valve 701 is opened, and part of water flow in front of the water turbine 2 can be released, so that the pressure in the hydraulic transient process is reduced.

The bottom of the water turbine 2 is communicated with a draft tube 8, and the water outlet end of the bypass flow tube 7 is communicated with the draft tube 8. When the pressure regulating valve 701 is connected to the draft tube 8, the released partial water flow can be supplemented to the draft tube 8 to reduce the flow rate gradient in the draft tube 8, and the effect of protecting the minimum pressure of the draft tube can be achieved.

A flowmeter 9 and a pressure sensor 10 are arranged on the drainage tube 1, and the flowmeter 9 and the pressure sensor 10 are electrically connected with a control unit 11. The flow and pressure values of the drainage tube 1 entering the speed regulation assembly 4 are fed back through the flowmeter 9 and the pressure sensor 10 respectively, the flow and pressure values are fed back to the control unit 11, and after the flow and pressure values are calculated and processed through the control unit 11, control signals are sent out to control the hydraulic power device 404 and the driving piece 4025 to act, so that the frequency of electric energy output by the generator 3 is further ensured to meet the power supply requirement.

The foregoing is a further detailed description of the utility model in connection with specific/preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the utility model be limited to such description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several alternatives or modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the utility model, and these alternatives or modifications should be considered to be within the scope of the utility model. In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Those skilled in the art may combine and combine the features of the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction. Although embodiments of the present utility model and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a hydroelectric power generation automatic control system, includes drainage tube, hydraulic turbine, generator, speed governing subassembly and control unit, drainage tube one end with the hydraulic turbine is connected, the other end with speed governing subassembly is connected, the generator with the main shaft of hydraulic turbine is connected, control unit all with the hydraulic turbine the generator the speed governing subassembly electricity is connected, its characterized in that: the speed regulating assembly comprises a shell, an adjusting block, a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic power device, wherein the shell is communicated with the drainage tube, the adjusting block is arranged inside the shell in a sliding mode and corresponds to the tube diameter of the drainage tube, the top of the adjusting block is connected with a telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is fixed at the top outside the shell through a support, and the hydraulic power device is connected with the hydraulic cylinder through a hydraulic tube.

2. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 1, wherein: the support is provided with a displacement sensor, a rotating speed sensor is arranged beside the main shaft, and the displacement sensor and the rotating speed sensor are electrically connected with the control unit.

3. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 2, wherein: and the hydraulic pipe is provided with an electrohydraulic servo valve, and the electrohydraulic servo valve is electrically connected with the control unit.

4. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 3, wherein: the adjustable gate is characterized in that a plurality of through holes are formed in the adjusting block, a sliding groove is formed in the top of the adjusting block, a gate plate is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, the gate plate is perpendicular to the through holes, a rack is arranged on the back of the gate plate, a driving piece is arranged on the top of the adjusting block, a gear is arranged at the output end of the driving piece, the gear is meshed with the rack, and the driving piece is electrically connected with the control unit.

5. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 4, wherein: the top of the flashboard is provided with a limit switch, and the limit switch is electrically connected with the control unit.

6. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the shell is provided with an inlet, the opposite side wall is provided with an outlet, and the outlet is communicated with the drainage tube through a flange.

7. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 6, wherein: the peripheral outer walls of the adjusting block are sealed and attached to the inner wall of the shell.

8. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 1, wherein: the water turbine is communicated with a bypass flow pipe, a pressure regulating valve is arranged on the bypass flow pipe, and the pressure regulating valve is electrically connected with the control unit.

9. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 8, wherein: the bottom of the water turbine is communicated with a draft tube, and the water outlet end of the bypass flow-through tube is communicated with the draft tube.

10. The automatic control system for hydro-power generation of claim 9, wherein: the drainage tube is provided with a flowmeter and a pressure sensor, and the flowmeter and the pressure sensor are electrically connected with the control unit.