CN219697304U - Surge protection device - Google Patents
Surge protection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN219697304U CN219697304U CN202320720709.3U CN202320720709U CN219697304U CN 219697304 U CN219697304 U CN 219697304U CN 202320720709 U CN202320720709 U CN 202320720709U CN 219697304 U CN219697304 U CN 219697304U
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The present utility model relates to a surge protection device. The surge protection device includes: the surge protection module is respectively connected with the control module and the rear-stage bleeder circuit; the control module is also connected with a control switch, one end of the control switch is connected with the front-stage circuit, and the other end of the control switch is connected with the surge protection module; the control module is used for acquiring the input voltage of the front-stage circuit, comparing the input voltage with a preset reference voltage, generating a control signal according to a comparison result and sending the control signal to the control switch; the control switch is used for conducting a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module according to the control signal; the surge protection module is used for entering a low-resistance state after a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module is conducted, and the front-stage circuit and the rear-stage bleeder circuit are conducted. The method can adjust the clamping voltage of the surge protection device.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of surge protection, in particular to a surge protection device.
Background
Along with the increasing functions of electronic devices, the ports of the electronic devices are diversified, the increase of the number and the variety of the ports inevitably causes the incompatibility of the conventional protection scheme, and the protection means are different for different signals such as a power supply path, digital signals, analog signals and the like, and the response time, clamping voltage and the like of the protection device are required to have different requirements for different signal ports. Various protection schemes can be designed aiming at different ports, the protection schemes are numerous and cannot be integrated, the actual working voltage of various ports can be changed along with the change of the actual working environment, the action voltage of a protection device needs to be adapted to various ports, and the clamping voltage of the protection device also needs to be considered.
In the related art, taking a conventional MOV protection device, namely a piezoresistor as an example, the response time and the clamping voltage of the piezoresistor are unique, and cannot be selected. The conventional piezoresistor has single function and limited application range, various ports are rapidly increased for the information industry which is developed at high speed, each port needs a different protection scheme, and for different industry standard requirements and different EMC grades, the conventional MOV can only adopt one standard or apply one protection scheme, and the flexibility is lacking.
Currently, no effective solution exists for the problem that the clamping voltage of the surge protection device is not adjustable in the related art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a surge protection device capable of achieving adjustable clamping voltage.
In a first aspect, a surge protection device is provided. The surge protection device includes: the surge protection module is respectively connected with the control module and the rear-stage bleeder circuit; the control module is also connected with the control switch, one end of the control switch is connected with the front-stage circuit, and the other end of the control switch is connected with the surge protection module;
the control module is used for acquiring the input voltage of the front-stage circuit, comparing the input voltage with a preset reference voltage, generating a control signal according to a comparison result and sending the control signal to the control switch;
the control switch is used for conducting a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module according to the control signal;
the surge protection module is used for entering a low-resistance state after a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module is conducted, and the front-stage circuit and the rear-stage bleeder circuit are conducted.
In one embodiment, the surge protection module includes a varistor.
In one embodiment, the surge protection module includes a transient suppression diode.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises a first surge input port, the first surge input port being connected to the control switch; the first surge input port is used for inputting surge current.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises a first ground port, the first ground port being connected with the surge protection module; the first ground port is used for discharging surge current.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises an internal surge bleed circuit connected with the control module; the internal surge relief circuit is used for relieving surge current after the control switch is communicated with the surge protection module according to the control signal.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises a second surge input port connected to the internal surge relief circuit and a second ground port connected to the internal surge relief circuit; the second surge input port is used for inputting the surge current; the second grounding port is used for discharging surge residual voltage.
In one embodiment, the control switch is a current sensor switch.
In one embodiment, the control module is a microprocessor MCU.
In one embodiment, the control module is a comparator.
The surge protection device is characterized in that a surge protection module, a control module and a control switch are arranged, and the surge protection module is respectively connected with the control module and a rear-stage bleeder circuit; the control module is also connected with the control switch, one end of the control switch is connected with the front-stage circuit, and the other end of the control switch is connected with the surge protection module; the control module is used for acquiring the input voltage of the front-stage circuit, comparing the input voltage with a preset reference voltage, generating a control signal according to a comparison result and sending the control signal to the control switch; the control switch is used for conducting a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module according to the control signal; the surge protection module is used for entering a low-resistance state after a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module is conducted, and the front-stage circuit and the rear-stage bleeder circuit are conducted. Based on the protection characteristic of the surge protection device, the discharging of the surge current is realized through controlling the switch after comparing the reference voltage and the input voltage, and the adjustment of the clamping voltage of the surge protection device is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surge protection device in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the voltammetric characteristic of a clamp type protection device in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a varistor according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a transient suppression diode according to one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a novel MOV package in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of voltage partitioning in one embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a novel TVS package in another embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
The surge protection device, also called overvoltage protection device, is an electronic device for providing safety protection for various electronic equipment, instruments and meters and communication lines. When the peak current or voltage is suddenly generated in the electric loop or the communication line due to the interference of the outside, the surge protection device can conduct and shunt in a very short time, so that the damage of the surge to other equipment in the loop is avoided.
Overvoltage protectors can be divided into two main categories according to volt-ampere characteristics: a clamp type protection device and a switch type protection device respectively; the clamp type protective device includes: transient voltage suppression diode TVS, electrostatic protection element ESD, varistor MOV; the switching type protection device includes: ceramic gas discharge tube GDT, glass gas discharge tube SPG, thyristor.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a surge protection device 10, the surge protection device 10 including: the surge protection module 11, the control module 12 and the control switch 13, wherein the surge protection module 11 is respectively connected with the control module 12 and the rear-stage bleeder circuit 22; the control module 12 is also connected with the control switch 13, one end of the control switch 13 is connected with the front-stage circuit 21, and the other end of the control switch 13 is connected with the surge protection module 11; the control module 12 is configured to obtain an input voltage of the pre-stage circuit 21, compare the input voltage with a preset reference voltage, generate a control signal according to a comparison result, and send the control signal to the control switch 13; the control switch 13 is used for conducting a current path between the pre-stage circuit 21 and the surge protection module 11 according to the control signal; the surge protection module 11 is configured to enter a low-resistance state after a current path between the pre-stage circuit 21 and the surge protection module 11 is turned on, and to turn on the pre-stage circuit 21 and the post-stage bleeder circuit 22.
In the related art, the conventional surge protection device is limited in its own right, and both the clamping voltage and the response time thereof are not adjustable. In this embodiment, the surge protection module is a surge protection element with low reverse voltage and long response time, such as a piezoresistor, a transient diode, and the like, and a preset reference voltage, that is, a clamping voltage required by the circuit, is added through the control module. And comparing the reference voltage with the input voltage of the surge protection module, generating a control signal when the input voltage reaches the reference voltage, and turning off a control switch based on the control signal to enable the subsequent surge current to enter a surge relief circuit of a later stage of the surge protection device so as to realize the relief of the surge current.
According to the surge protection device, when the input voltage reaches the clamping voltage, the resistance change of the surge protection module is realized through the control switch by arranging the control module, the on-off condition of the front-stage circuit and the rear-stage surge relief circuit is changed, and the surge relief is realized. Based on the surge protection device of the embodiment, the technical effect of adjustable clamping voltage is achieved, and the applicability of the surge protection device is improved.
In one embodiment, the surge protection module may be a clamp type protection device, also referred to as a clamp type overvoltage protection device. As shown in fig. 2, when the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the clamp type overvoltage protection device, the resistance thereof is instantaneously reduced to low resistance, and a large surge current is discharged, thereby limiting the surge voltage to a low level. The device is characterized in that after the device is conducted, the clamping voltage is higher than the breakdown voltage of the device, and the clamping voltage at two ends of the device is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the surge current passing instantly. The clamping type overvoltage protection device is often applied to overvoltage protection of power lines and low-frequency communication cables.
In one embodiment, the surge protection module includes a varistor.
Specifically, the metal oxide varistor, metal Oxide Varistor, abbreviated as MOV, is a resistive device with nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics, and is mainly used for voltage clamping when the circuit is subjected to overvoltage, and absorbing redundant current to protect sensitive devices and circuits. The most common piezoresistors are metal oxide piezoresistors; there are usually zinc oxide ZnO, silicon carbide SiC and titanium oxide TiO 2 . The most commonly used zinc oxide varistor is produced by incorporating a small amount of electronic grade Bi into an electronic grade zinc oxide powder base material 2 O 3 、Co 2 O 3 、MnO 2 、Sb 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、Cr 2 O 3 、Ni 2 O 3 And the fine electronic ceramic is prepared by mixing, forming, sintering and other technological processes.
As shown in fig. 3, the MOV works on the principle that the volt-ampere characteristic of a varistor can be divided into three distinct characteristic regions according to the magnitude of the electric field strength acting on the varistor: pre-breakdown region, and lift-off region. In the pre-breakdown area, the piezoresistor presents a high resistance state, the resistance value of the piezoresistor can reach hundreds of megaohms, the voltage resistance relationship is nearly linear, and the leakage current is in microampere level. The breakdown region is the operating region of the varistor where the varistor has a very high nonlinear coefficient. The V-I across the varistor in this region can be formulated: i= (U/K) α Where K is a constant and α represents the nonlinear coefficient of the breakdown region. In the rising region, the nonlinear coefficient of the volt-ampere characteristic of the piezoresistor gradually becomes smaller, and finally is close to 1, and the characteristic of the nonlinear coefficient is equivalent to a low-resistance linear resistor.
In this embodiment, the varistor MOV is preferably a low-voltage-dependent voltage V B Is 200ps longer than a conventional MOV. The varistor MOV is low reverse voltage and has a long response time, so that it can be matched with the control module, and the control module can detect the voltage through the low reverse voltage and then make related judgment work.
In one embodiment, the surge protection module includes a transient suppression diode.
Specifically, the TVS, collectively, transient Voltage Suppressors, i.e., a transient voltage suppressor, is also called an avalanche breakdown diode or a transient suppression diode. TVS are devices that are fabricated using semiconductor processes with a single PN junction or multiple PN junctions integrated. TVS have a unidirectional and a bidirectional division, and unidirectional TVS are generally applied to dc power supply circuits, and bidirectional TVS are applied to voltage alternating circuits.
As shown in fig. 4, when the TVS is applied to a dc circuit, the TVS is connected in reverse parallel to the circuit, and when the circuit is in normal operation, the TVS is in an off state, i.e., a high resistance state, and the normal operation of the current is not affected. When the current has abnormal overvoltage and reaches the TVS breakdown voltage or avalanche voltage, the TVS is rapidly changed from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, instant overcurrent caused by the abnormal overvoltage is discharged to the ground, and the abnormal overvoltage is clamped at a lower level at the same time, so that a later-stage circuit is protected from being damaged by the abnormal overvoltage, and when the abnormal overvoltage is small, the TVS resistance is restored to the high resistance state.
In this embodiment, the transient suppression diode is a low inversion voltage Vrwm, the response time is 10ps longer than that of the conventional transient diode, the TVS designed here is a low inversion voltage, and the long response time is mainly used to match with the control module, and the subsequent control chip can detect the voltage through the low inversion voltage, and then perform related judgment work.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises a first surge input port, the first surge input port being connected to the control switch; the first surge input port is used for inputting surge current.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises a first ground port, the first ground port being connected with the surge protection module; the first ground port is used for discharging surge current.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises an internal surge bleed circuit connected with the control module; the internal surge relief circuit is used for relieving surge current after the control switch is communicated with the surge protection module according to the control signal.
Specifically, the surge relief path has the effects of prolonging the service life of the surge protection module, ensuring that residual voltage in an actual circuit can be relieved through the loop after the switch is turned off, further avoiding damage to a rear-stage power supply chip caused by the surge residual voltage of a rear-stage circuit, achieving the purpose of secondary filtering, and providing a feedback mechanism in the circuit, wherein when current in the circuit is equal to 0, a control module can detect the state and then feeds back the state to a current sensor through the control module to control the current sensor to be closed.
In one embodiment, the surge protection device further comprises a second surge input port connected to the internal surge relief circuit and a second ground port connected to the internal surge relief circuit; the second surge input port is used for inputting the surge current; the second grounding port is used for discharging surge residual voltage.
In one embodiment, the control switch is a current sensor switch.
Specifically, the current sensor switch is controlled by the control module to control the on-off condition of the front-stage surge passage; while determining the actual clamping voltage condition of the subsequent stage. Preferably, a current sensor with extremely high accuracy is selected, and the action is performed by receiving a current signal sent by the control module.
In one embodiment, the control module is a microprocessor MCU.
Specifically, the microprocessor MCU, also referred to as a micro control unit or a singlechip. The frequency and specification of CPU are properly reduced, and the peripheral interfaces such as memory, counter, USB, A/D conversion and UART, PLC, DMA, and even LCD driving circuit are integrated on a single chip to realize control function. In this embodiment, the microprocessor can be used to perform the functions of voltage comparison and control signal output.
In one embodiment, the control module is a comparator.
Specifically, comparing two or more data items to determine whether they are equal or to determine the size relationship and ordering between them is referred to as comparing. A circuit or device capable of performing such a comparison function is referred to as a comparator, which is a circuit that compares an analog voltage signal with a reference voltage. The two inputs of the comparator are analog signals, the output is binary signal 0 or 1, and when the difference value of the input voltage increases or decreases and the sign is unchanged, the output is kept constant. In this embodiment, a comparison function between a preset clamping voltage and an input voltage can be realized through a comparator, and a control signal is generated to control on-off of a front-stage surge path and a rear-stage surge relief path.
The surge protection device of the embodiment can control key parameters of MOV and/or TVS, can have various application scenes, can be suitable for various different protection ports, and realizes high compatibility of the surge protection device. And the response time and the clamping voltage of the MOV and/or the TVS can be flexibly controlled, and when the protected port needs a corresponding shorter response time, the reference voltage can be configured for the control module to realize a shorter control response time.
In one embodiment, a novel MOV packaging scheme is provided, as shown in FIG. 5, comprising a circuit sensor switch, a varistor, a control chip, and an internal surge bleed circuit. The current sensor switch is connected with the piezoresistor, and the piezoresistor is connected with the control chip; the control chip is respectively connected with the circuit sensor switch and the internal surge relief circuit. The MOV packaging scheme includes a first pin 51 and a second pin 51, corresponding to a surge input port. The first pin 51 is connected with the current sensor switch; the second pin 52 is connected to the MOV. The MOV packaging scheme also includes a third port 53 and a fourth port 54, the third port 53 and the fourth port 54 corresponding to the device's reference ground.
In this embodiment, the MOV is a low voltage-dependent voltage V B The response time is 200ps longer than that of the conventional MOV, the MOV is designed to have low inversion voltage and long response time, and is mainlyIn relation to the operation of the subsequent control chip, the subsequent control chip can detect the voltage by the low inversion voltage, and then perform the related judgment operation.
In this embodiment, the control chip is the core of the overall MOV device design, through the pre-stage low voltage-dependent voltage V B The MOV with long response time controls the working state of the subsequent MOV, the control chip receives a voltage signal, and a comparison voltage and a voltage-sensitive voltage V are designed on the chip B Comparing, when the chip enters a standby state, then designing the desired clamping voltage V q V is set up q The response time of the prior MOV is partitioned in advance and the ps-level unit is partitioned in advance, so that the error generated by the control chip is reduced, each partition corresponds to a clamping voltage, each partition is numbered 1 and 2, n, and a proper protection voltage V is selected f Before the voltage V f Introduced into the chip, finally by comparing the voltage V of each partition 1 、V 2 ···V n Selecting proper voltage V, wherein the time corresponding to the V is the action time of a control chip, the control chip directly controls a current sensor switch to be directly turned off, and the subsequent surge enters a surge relief circuit of the rear stage of the MOV;
as shown in FIG. 6, the clamp voltage is at V B —V q Partitioning to obtain corresponding (T1, V1), (T2, V2) … (Tn, vn), comparing the actual clamping voltage V desired by us f For example V which we have selected at this time f Equal to V 3 At this time, the time needed to be output is T3; but sometimes the voltage value V we need f Not to be equal to V 1 —V n Some value in (a) may be between V 2 —V 3 In order to ensure that the later-stage circuit can work normally, a larger value is taken as a selected value, and the output time is T3;
in order to reduce the operation delay of the chip, when the device is electrified, the time is preset in the chip, the code starts to operate in advance and is in a standby state, when surge current passes, the unnecessary operation time can be reduced, and at the moment, the control chip can realize the effect of timely response.
In the embodiment, a current sensor switch is controlled by a control chip to control the on-off condition of a front-stage surge passage; the position determines the actual clamping voltage condition of the rear-stage circuit, a current sensor with extremely high accuracy is selected, and the current sensor acts by receiving a current signal transmitted by a control chip;
in this embodiment, the function of the internal surge relief circuit is to improve the service life of the MOV, and meanwhile, ensure that after the switch is turned off, residual voltage in the actual circuit can be relieved through the circuit, further avoid damage to a post-stage power supply chip caused by surge residual voltage of the post-stage circuit, achieve the purpose of secondary filtering, and have a feedback mechanism in the circuit, when current in the circuit is equal to zero, the control chip can detect the state, and then control the current sensor to be turned on through feedback of the control chip to the current sensor.
In this example, the novel MOV package specifications are shown in FIG. 5, 12 mm.+ -. 0.5mm in length and 4 mm.+ -. 0.5mm in width.
The response time of the surge clamping voltage obtained in this embodiment is shorter than that of a conventional MOV by controlling V q Value implementation, above is just one example of a voltage V q Can be achieved by varying V q The value results in a shorter response time while reducing the clamping voltage duration of the MOV, the actual V q The value is related to the characteristics of the subsequent stage circuit.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a novel TVS tube packaging scheme is provided, comprising a circuit sensor switch, a transient diode, a control chip, and an internal surge bleed circuit. The current sensor switch is connected with the transient diode; the control chip is respectively connected with the transient diode, the current sensor switch and the internal surge relief circuit. The novel TVS tube packaging scheme also includes four interfaces, as shown, wherein pins 71, 72 correspond to the surge input ports, and ports 73, 74 correspond to the device's reference ground.
In this example, the novel TVS tube packaging scheme is sized as shown in fig. 7 to have a length of 6mm + 0.5mm and a width of 5mm + 0.5mm. The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the utility model and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model, which are all within the scope of the utility model. Accordingly, the scope of the utility model should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A surge protection device, comprising: the surge protection module is respectively connected with the control module and the rear-stage bleeder circuit; the control module is also connected with the control switch, one end of the control switch is connected with the front-stage circuit, and the other end of the control switch is connected with the surge protection module;
the control module is used for acquiring the input voltage of the front-stage circuit, comparing the input voltage with a preset reference voltage, generating a control signal according to a comparison result and sending the control signal to the control switch;
the control switch is used for conducting a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module according to the control signal;
the surge protection module is used for entering a low-resistance state after a current path between the front-stage circuit and the surge protection module is conducted, and the front-stage circuit and the rear-stage bleeder circuit are conducted.
2. The surge protection device of claim 1 wherein the surge protection module comprises a varistor.
3. The surge protection device of claim 1 wherein the surge protection module comprises a transient suppression diode.
4. The surge protection device of claim 1 further comprising a first surge input port, the first surge input port being connected to the control switch;
the first surge input port is used for inputting surge current.
5. The surge protection device of claim 1 further comprising a first ground port, the first ground port connected to the surge protection module;
the first ground port is used for discharging surge current.
6. The surge protection device of claim 1 further comprising an internal surge bleed circuit connected with the control module;
the internal surge relief circuit is used for relieving surge current after the control switch is communicated with the surge protection module according to the control signal.
7. The surge protection device of claim 6 further comprising a second surge input port and a second ground port, the second surge input port being connected to the internal surge bleed circuit and the second ground port being connected to the internal surge bleed circuit;
the second surge input port is used for inputting the surge current;
the second grounding port is used for discharging surge residual voltage.
8. The surge protection device of claim 1 wherein the control switch is a current sensor switch.
9. The surge protection device of claim 1 wherein the control module is a microprocessor MCU.
10. The surge protection device of claim 1 wherein the control module is a comparator.
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| CN202320720709.3U CN219697304U (en) | 2023-03-29 | 2023-03-29 | Surge protection device |
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| CN202320720709.3U CN219697304U (en) | 2023-03-29 | 2023-03-29 | Surge protection device |
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