CN219672984U - Hydraulic cylinder and working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of hydraulic elements, and provides a hydraulic cylinder and a working machine. The hydraulic cylinder includes: cylinder bottom, piston, buffer sleeve and sphere; the cylinder bottom is provided with an oil port and a containing hole, the containing hole is arranged at one end of the cylinder bottom, which is close to the piston, and is communicated with the oil port, the buffer sleeve is connected with the piston and is used for extending into the containing hole, and a flow passage for oil circulation is arranged between the buffer sleeve and the containing hole; the lateral wall of cushion collar is equipped with the step hole that link up the setting, and the step hole is located the accommodation hole outside, and the thick end of step hole is towards the outside of cushion collar, and the spheroid movably sets up and is equipped with the limit structure that is used for spacing to the spheroid on the thick end piston of step hole. The part of the oil entering the accommodating hole acts on the piston after passing through the inside of the buffer sleeve, and the other part enters between the cylinder bottom and the piston after passing through the step hole of the buffer sleeve and acts on the piston again, so that the pressure bearing surface of the piston is increased, and therefore, the piston can be driven to move only by smaller oil pressure.

Description

Hydraulic cylinder and working machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of hydraulic elements, in particular to a hydraulic cylinder and a working machine.

Background

The hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuating element which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and makes linear reciprocating motion, and has simple structure and reliable operation, thus being widely applied to hydraulic systems of various machines. Under some working conditions, the running speed of the hydraulic cylinder is high, the piston can impact the cylinder bottom of the hydraulic cylinder, frequent impact easily causes the damage of the piston or the cylinder bottom, and the service life of the hydraulic cylinder is seriously influenced.

In the related art, in order to cushion a piston, a cushion structure is generally provided in a hydraulic cylinder. The buffer structure comprises a buffer column arranged on the piston and a containing hole arranged on the cylinder bottom and into which the buffer column extends. Wherein, the oil port intercommunication on holding hole and the cylinder bottom has the clearance between holding hole and the buffer post. In the process that the piston approaches the cylinder bottom, oil between the piston and the cylinder bottom returns to the oil port through a gap between the buffer column and the containing hole, and the gap can reduce the oil flow velocity, so that the buffer effect on the piston is achieved.

The problem of the buffering of the piston of pneumatic cylinder has been solved to foretell structure, but in the engineering that starts the pneumatic cylinder, fluid enters into the accommodation hole from the hydraulic fluid port, acts on the buffer post, is limited to the cross-section of accommodation hole, and the pressurized area of buffer post is little, so need great fluid pressure can drive the piston motion.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a hydraulic cylinder and a working machine, which are used for solving the defect of large starting oil pressure of a buffer structure in the related art and realizing the effect of reducing the starting pressure of the hydraulic cylinder.

The utility model provides a hydraulic cylinder, which comprises a cylinder bottom, a piston, a buffer sleeve and a sphere, wherein the cylinder bottom is provided with a cylinder body;

the cylinder bottom is provided with an oil port and a containing hole, the containing hole is arranged at one end of the cylinder bottom, which is close to the piston, and is communicated with the oil port, the buffer sleeve is connected with the piston and is used for extending into the containing hole, and a flow passage for oil circulation is arranged between the buffer sleeve and the containing hole;

the buffer sleeve is of a barrel structure, a step hole which is communicated is formed in the side wall of the buffer sleeve, the buffer sleeve stretches into the accommodating hole, the step hole is located outside the accommodating hole, the thick end of the step hole faces to the outer side of the buffer sleeve, the ball body is movably arranged at the thick end of the step hole, the diameter of the ball body is larger than that of the thin end of the step hole, and a limiting structure used for limiting the ball body is arranged on the piston so as to prevent the ball body from falling out.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, a gap is arranged between the buffer sleeve and the accommodating hole, and the gap forms the flow passage.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, the outer wall of the buffer sleeve or the inner wall of the accommodating hole is provided with the groove extending along the axial direction, and the groove forms the flow passage.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, the thick end and the thin end of the step hole are connected through the conical surface structure, and the inner wall of the conical surface structure is used for propping against the outer wall of the sphere.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, the outer circumferential wall of one end, close to the piston, of the buffer sleeve is provided with the flange, the piston is provided with the mounting hole into which the buffer sleeve extends, the flange extends into the mounting hole and is connected with the mounting hole, and the step hole is arranged in the mounting hole.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, the hydraulic cylinder further comprises a baffle ring, wherein the baffle ring is arranged in the mounting hole and is connected with the mounting hole, the baffle ring shields part of the orifice of the step hole, and the baffle ring forms the limiting structure;

or the size of a gap between the inner wall of the mounting hole and the outer wall of the buffer sleeve is smaller than the diameter of the sphere, and the inner wall of the mounting hole forms the limit structure.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, the length dimension of the buffer sleeve protruding out of the end face of the piston is smaller than the depth dimension of the accommodating hole.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, the piston is provided with the communication hole for communicating the rod cavity and the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, the hydraulic cylinder further comprises a sealing element, the outer circumferential wall of the piston is provided with a ring groove, and the sealing element is arranged in the ring groove.

The utility model also provides a working machine comprising a hydraulic cylinder as described above.

According to the hydraulic cylinder provided by the utility model, oil can be supplied to and discharged from the oil port on the cylinder bottom, and oil between the cylinder bottom and the piston can be returned to the oil port by arranging the flow passage between the accommodating hole and the buffer sleeve. Through setting up the cushion collar to the barrel structure to set up the step hole at the lateral wall of cushion collar, set up the spheroid at the thick end of step hole simultaneously, can make the fluid that gets into from the hydraulic fluid through holding hole and cushion collar's inside enter into the step hole, and push away the spheroid and enter into between piston and the cylinder bottom, make the pressurized face increase of piston. In addition, when the oil flows back, the ball body moves reversely to block the thin end of the step hole, so that the oil can only return to the oil port through the flow passage between the containing hole and the buffer sleeve, and the impact between the piston and the cylinder bottom is slowed down.

So set up, at the in-process of the fluid between discharge cylinder bottom and the piston, under the effect of fluid, spheroid shutoff step hole, the fluid returns the hydraulic fluid port through the runner between buffer cover and the accommodation hole, and the runner plays the effect of restriction to form the buffering to the piston. In the process of injecting oil into the hydraulic cylinder through the oil port, one part of the oil entering the accommodating hole acts on the piston after passing through the inside of the buffer sleeve, and the other part enters between the cylinder bottom and the piston through the step hole of the buffer sleeve and acts on the piston, so that the pressure bearing surface of the piston is increased, and therefore, the hydraulic cylinder can drive the piston to move only by smaller oil pressure under the condition of the same required driving force.

The working machine provided by the utility model comprises the hydraulic cylinder, so that all the advantages of the hydraulic cylinder are simultaneously included.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the utility model or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic cylinder provided in some embodiments of the utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic cylinder provided in some embodiments of the present utility model in a normal state;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a state in which a cushion cover provided in some embodiments of the present utility model moves outward from a receiving hole;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion at I of the view shown in FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a state in which a cushion cover provided in some embodiments of the present utility model is inserted into a receiving hole.

Reference numerals:

1. a cylinder bottom; 101. an oil port; 102. a receiving hole; 2. a piston; 201. a mounting hole; 3. a piston rod; 4. a buffer sleeve; 401. a step hole; 402. a conical surface structure; 403. a flange; 5. a sphere; 6. a clasp; 7. a baffle ring; 8. a communication hole; 9. a seal; 10. a cylinder body.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

The hydraulic cylinder provided in the embodiment of the present utility model is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5.

Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder bottom 1, a piston 2, a cushion cover 4, and a ball 5.

Wherein the cylinder bottom 1 is provided with an oil port 101 and a receiving hole 102. The cylinder bottom 1 is a member for connecting with an end portion of the cylinder body 10 of the hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder bottom 1 is connected with the cylinder body 10 to form a closed cavity, and the piston 2 is slidably provided in the cylinder body 10 and connected with a piston rod. The receiving hole 102 is provided at one end of the cylinder bottom 1 near the piston 2, and the receiving hole 102 communicates with the oil port 101 so that oil can circulate inside and outside the hydraulic cylinder through the receiving hole 102 and the oil port 101.

The cushion collar 4 is connected to the piston 2, and the cushion collar 4 is adapted to extend into the receiving hole 102. Specifically, the cushion collar 4 is connected to the end of the piston 2 remote from the piston rod. A flow passage through which oil flows is provided between the buffer sleeve 4 and the accommodating hole 102, so that oil between the piston 2 and the cylinder bottom 1 can enter the accommodating hole 102 through the flow passage. The buffer sleeve 4 is arranged into a cylinder structure, and the side wall of the buffer sleeve 4 is provided with a step hole 401 which is arranged in a penetrating way. And as shown in fig. 1, in a state where the cushion cover 4 is extended into the accommodation hole 102, that is, in a state where the hydraulic cylinder is fully retracted, the stepped hole 401 is located outside the accommodation hole 102. The thick end of the stepped hole 401 faces the outside of the cushion cover 4, and the thin end of the stepped hole 401 faces the inside of the cushion cover 4. It will be appreciated that the stepped bore 401 has a thick end and a thin end based on the configuration of the stepped bore 401, and the diameter of the thick end of the stepped bore 401 is greater than the diameter of the thin end.

The ball 5 is movably disposed at a thick end of the stepped hole 401, for example, a diameter of the thick end of the stepped hole 401 is larger than a diameter of the ball 5. The diameter of the ball 5 is larger than the diameter of the thin end of the stepped bore 401 to avoid the ball 5 from entering the thin end of the stepped bore 401. The piston 2 is provided with a limiting structure for limiting the ball 5 so as to prevent the ball 5 from falling out of the stepped hole 401.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the hydraulic cylinder provided in the embodiment of the present utility model, during the extension process of the piston rod, part of the oil entering through the oil port 101 enters into the buffer sleeve 4 from the accommodating hole 102, one part of the oil in the buffer sleeve 4 is directly used for the piston 2, and the other part enters into the thin end of the stepped hole 401 to push the ball 5, and enters into the gap between the piston 2 and the cylinder bottom 1 through the gap between the ball 5 and the stepped hole 401 and then acts on the piston 2, thereby increasing the compression surface of the piston 2. Wherein the arrow in fig. 3 indicates the direction of travel of the piston 2. In addition, another part of oil entering from the oil port 101 enters between the piston 2 and the cylinder bottom 1 from the flow passage between the buffer sleeve 4 and the accommodating hole 102, so that the flow rate of the oil between the piston and the cylinder bottom is increased, and the starting speed of the hydraulic cylinder can be further improved.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 5, in the hydraulic cylinder provided in the embodiment of the present utility model, when the buffer sleeve 4 starts to enter the accommodating hole 102 during the retraction process of the piston rod, the piston 2, the cylinder bottom 1 and the outer wall of the buffer sleeve 4 form a chamber, at this time, the ball 5 moves toward the thin end of the stepped hole 401 under the pressure of the oil, so as to seal the stepped hole 401, therefore, the oil between the piston 2 and the cylinder bottom 1 enters the accommodating hole 102 through the flow passage between the buffer sleeve 4 and the accommodating hole 102, the flow passage has the effect of slowing down the flow rate of the oil, and the oil finally enters the oil port 101 through the accommodating hole 102 and is discharged.

So set up, in the in-process of the fluid between the discharge cylinder bottom 1 and the piston 2, under the effect of fluid, spheroid 5 shutoff step hole 401, fluid returns the hydraulic fluid port 101 through the runner between buffer cover 4 and the accommodation hole 102, and the runner plays the effect of restriction to form the buffering to piston 2. In the process of injecting oil into the hydraulic cylinder through the oil port 101, one part of the oil entering the accommodating hole 102 acts on the piston 2 after passing through the inside of the buffer sleeve 4, and the other part enters between the cylinder bottom 1 and the piston 2 through the step hole 401 of the buffer sleeve 4 and acts on the piston 2 again, so that the pressure bearing surface of the piston 2 is increased, and therefore, the hydraulic cylinder can drive the piston 2 to move only by smaller oil pressure under the condition of the same required driving force.

Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments provided by the present utility model, the length dimension of the buffer sleeve 4 protruding from the end surface of the piston 2 is smaller than the depth dimension of the receiving hole 102. So set up, when the pneumatic cylinder is in the complete state of retracting, piston 2 offsets with cylinder bottom 1, can not produce contact and collision between buffer sleeve 4 and the cylinder bottom 1, and then avoid buffer sleeve 4 and the connection structure between piston 2 or buffer sleeve 4 to appear damaging.

In some embodiments provided by the present utility model, there is a gap between the cushion cover 4 and the receiving hole 102, and the gap constitutes a flow channel. That is, the outer diameter of the cushion cover 4 is smaller than the aperture of the receiving hole 102 so that oil can flow between the outer wall of the cushion cover 4 and the inner wall of the receiving hole 102. So set up, the structure of runner is comparatively simple.

Further, the outer wall of the cushion cover 4 and the inner wall of the accommodation hole 102 are both provided in a cylindrical structure. Alternatively, the inside wall of the accommodation hole 102 is provided with a cylindrical structure, and the outside wall of the cushion cover 4 is provided with a conical structure.

Of course, the flow path is not limited to the above-described one by forming a gap between the cushion cover 4 and the accommodation hole 102, and for example, in other embodiments provided by the present utility model, the outer wall of the cushion cover 4 or the inner wall of the accommodation hole 102 is provided with a groove extending in the axial direction, which constitutes the flow path. The oil can circulate along the grooves.

Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments provided by the present utility model, the thick end and the thin end of the stepped hole 401 are connected by a tapered surface structure 402, and the inner wall of the tapered surface structure 402 is used to abut against the outer wall of the sphere 5. By the arrangement, the spherical surface of the sphere 5 is propped against the conical surface of the conical surface structure 402, so that the degree of fit between the sphere 5 and the conical surface structure 402 is higher, and the sphere 5 can better block the stepped hole 401.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments provided by the present utility model, the outer circumferential wall of the cushion cover 4 near one end of the piston 2 is provided with a flange 403, the piston 2 is provided with a mounting hole 201 into which the cushion cover 4 is inserted, and the flange 403 is inserted into the mounting hole 201 and connected to the mounting hole 201. And the stepped hole 401 is provided in the mounting hole 201 in a state where the cushion cover 4 is inserted into the mounting hole 201. By the arrangement, the connecting structure of the buffer sleeve 4 and the piston 2 can be arranged in the piston 2, so that the space inside the piston 2 is fully utilized, and the installation space in the cylinder body is saved.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments provided by the present utility model, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a retainer ring 7. The baffle ring 7 is arranged in the mounting hole 201 and connected with the mounting hole 201, part of the hole opening of the step hole 401 is shielded by the baffle ring 7, and the baffle ring 7 forms the limiting structure. The baffle ring 7 can limit the ball body by shielding part of the hole opening of the step hole 401 by the baffle ring 7, so that the ball body 5 is prevented from falling out of the hole opening of the step hole 401. Meanwhile, the baffle ring 7 can also axially limit the flange 403 of the buffer sleeve 4 to prevent the buffer sleeve 4 from being separated from the mounting hole 201, i.e. the flange 403 is connected with the mounting hole 201 through the baffle ring 7.

As shown with reference to fig. 3 and 4, the retainer ring 7 is optionally connected to the mounting hole 201 by a snap ring 6. Specifically, the retainer ring 7 is fitted on the outside of the cushion cover 4 and is placed into the mounting hole 201, and the snap ring 6 is provided on the inner wall of the mounting hole 201 and is used to position the retainer ring 7.

Of course, the baffle ring 7 is not limited to being connected to the mounting hole 201 by the snap ring 6, and for example, the baffle ring 7 may be screwed to the mounting hole 201, specifically, an internal thread is provided on an inner wall of the mounting hole 201, and an external thread is provided on an outer wall of the baffle ring 7, and both are connected by threads.

Of course, the retainer ring 7 is not limited to the threaded connection with the mounting hole 201, and the retainer ring 7 may be connected with the mounting hole 201 by a pin or by a set screw, for example.

Of course, the limiting structure is not limited to the stop ring 7, and in other embodiments provided by the present utility model, for example, the size of the gap between the inner wall of the mounting hole 201 and the outer wall of the buffer sleeve 4 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 5, and the inner wall of the mounting hole 201 forms the limiting structure. By making the gap size between the mounting hole 201 and the cushion cover 4 smaller than the diameter size of the ball 5, the ball 5 can be prevented from completely falling out of the stepped hole 401 into the gap between the mounting hole 201 and the cushion cover 4, thereby playing a role in limiting the ball 5. In this embodiment, the connection between the flange 403 and the mounting hole 201 may refer to the connection between the baffle ring 7 and the mounting hole 201 in the above embodiment.

In some embodiments of the present utility model, the hydraulic cylinder is a plunger cylinder, and the piston 2 is provided with a communication hole 8 for communicating a rod cavity and a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder is a plunger cylinder, and the communication hole 8 is formed on the piston 2, so that hydraulic oil in the rodless cavity can enter the rod cavity, and bubbles are prevented from being generated in the rod cavity. In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder may be applied to a working machine such as a planer or a hydraulic machine. The hydraulic cylinder in other embodiments may be either a ram cylinder or a double acting cylinder.

Further, the hydraulic cylinder further comprises a sealing element 9, an annular groove is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the piston 2, and the sealing element 9 is installed in the annular groove. In the prior art, the plunger cylinder generally does not need a sealing element, and the sealing element 9 is arranged on the outer side of the piston 2 in the embodiment, so that a sealing structure is formed between the piston 2 and the cylinder body 10, oil between the piston 2 and the cylinder bottom 1 is prevented from flowing back to the oil port 101 from the communication hole 8 through a gap between the piston and the cylinder bottom in the process of retracting the hydraulic cylinder, so that the oil between the piston 2 and the cylinder bottom 1 can flow back from a flow passage between the buffer sleeve 4 and the accommodating hole 102, and the buffer effect of the hydraulic cylinder is ensured.

The embodiment of the utility model also provides a working machine.

Specifically, the work machine includes a hydraulic cylinder as described above. For example, work machines include, but are not limited to, excavators, loaders, cranes, planer and hydraulic presses.

It should be noted that, the working machine includes the hydraulic cylinder and all the advantages of the hydraulic cylinder, which are not described herein. Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and are not limiting; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The hydraulic cylinder is characterized by comprising a cylinder bottom (1), a piston (2), a buffer sleeve (4) and a sphere (5);

the cylinder bottom (1) is provided with an oil port (101) and a containing hole (102), the containing hole (102) is arranged at one end of the cylinder bottom (1) close to the piston (2) and is communicated with the oil port (101), the buffer sleeve (4) is connected with the piston (2) and is used for extending into the containing hole (102), and a flow passage for oil circulation is arranged between the buffer sleeve (4) and the containing hole (102);

the utility model discloses a ball bearing device is characterized by comprising a barrel structure, buffer cover (4), a piston (2) and a ball body (5), wherein the side wall of buffer cover (4) is equipped with step hole (401) that link up the setting, and buffer cover (4) stretches into the state of holding hole (102), step hole (401) are located outside holding hole (102), the thick end orientation of step hole (401) buffer cover (4) outside, ball body (5) movably set up the thick end of step hole (401), the diameter of ball body (5) is greater than the diameter of the thin end of step hole (401), be equipped with on piston (2) be used for right ball body (5) spacing limit structure prevents ball body (5) deviate from.

2. Hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that a gap is present between the damping sleeve (4) and the receiving hole (102), which gap constitutes the flow channel.

3. Hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of the damping sleeve (4) or the inner wall of the receiving bore (102) is provided with axially extending grooves, which grooves constitute the flow channels.

4. Hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the thick end and the thin end of the stepped bore (401) are connected by a conical surface structure (402), the inner wall of the conical surface structure (402) being adapted to abut against the outer wall of the sphere (5).

5. The hydraulic cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outer circumferential wall of the cushion cover (4) near one end of the piston (2) is provided with a flange (403), the piston (2) is provided with a mounting hole (201) into which the cushion cover (4) extends, the flange (403) extends into the mounting hole (201) and is connected with the mounting hole (201), and the stepped hole (401) is provided in the mounting hole (201).

6. The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 5, further comprising a baffle ring (7), the baffle ring (7) being provided in the mounting hole (201) and being connected to the mounting hole (201), the baffle ring (7) shielding a part of the aperture of the stepped hole (401), the baffle ring (7) constituting the limit structure;

or, the size of a gap between the inner wall of the mounting hole (201) and the outer wall of the buffer sleeve (4) is smaller than the diameter size of the sphere (5), and the inner wall of the mounting hole (201) forms the limit structure.

7. A hydraulic cylinder according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the length dimension of the buffer sleeve (4) protruding from the end face of the piston (2) is smaller than the depth dimension of the receiving hole (102).

8. A hydraulic cylinder according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is a plunger cylinder, and that the piston (2) is provided with a communication hole (8) for communicating a rod-shaped chamber and a rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder.

9. The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 8, further comprising a seal (9), the outer circumferential wall of the piston (2) being provided with a ring groove, the seal (9) being mounted in the ring groove.

10. A work machine comprising a hydraulic cylinder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.