CN219664720U - Sloping field farmland soil runoff heavy metal separation area arrangement structure - Google Patents
Sloping field farmland soil runoff heavy metal separation area arrangement structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a sloping field farmland soil runoff heavy metal blocking belt arrangement structure, and belongs to the technical field of farmland soil pollution control. The utility model comprises an upstream polluted sloping field farmland and a downstream uncontaminated farmland, wherein grooves with set depth are dug along the junction of the upstream polluted sloping field farmland and the downstream uncontaminated farmland, and heavy metal adsorption ecological bags are stacked in layers along the length direction of the grooves. Wherein, the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag is formed by filling a heavy metal adsorption material in a packaging bag. The side of the ditch close to the farmland of the upstream polluted sloping field is provided with a slag blocking grid in a buried mode along the upper edge of the ditch, the slag blocking grid is arranged along the length direction of the ditch, and the top end of the slag blocking grid extends out of the ground at the position where the slag blocking grid is located to be set to be high. The utility model can prevent the pollution of runoff delivery heavy metal to the downstream farmland, and can also maintain the water-gas channel of the upstream and downstream soil, without affecting the agricultural production of the downstream polluted farmland.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a sloping field farmland soil runoff heavy metal blocking belt arrangement structure, and belongs to the technical field of farmland soil pollution control.
Background
For farmland soil polluted by heavy metals, the heavy metals are accumulated on the surface layer of the farmland soil, and the surface runoff generated during rainfall easily leaches the heavy metals on the shallow layer of the soil into the runoff, and the heavy metals are transferred downstream along with the runoff of the farmland soil, so that the heavy metals in the downstream farmland soil are input to cause new pollution. Particularly for sloping fields in mountain areas of China, on one hand, the farmland resources are very limited, and the prevention work on farmland pollution must be enhanced; on the other hand, heavy metals in the upstream polluted soil can rapidly migrate to downstream farmlands along with runoff action, so that the polluted area is enlarged. In order to prevent the pollution of heavy metals transported by runoff to farmlands, the method similar to solidification and stabilization or chemical leaching is adopted to prevent, control, manage and repair the polluted soil, for example, the solidified and stabilized heavy metals can be dissolved out again after a period of time to pollute the environment, the chemical leaching is high in cost, and the nutrition structure of the soil can be damaged. Therefore, for the diffusion of heavy metal pollution caused by carrying and inputting heavy metal along with water flow, soil blocking is one of effective measures for preventing heavy metal pollution of farmland soil in sloping fields.
There are two main types of barrier technology measures currently in common use. One is a barrier wall technology, for example, the U.S. environmental protection agency proposes to physically isolate a polluted site from the surrounding environment through an in-situ vertical barrier wall (vertical cutoff wall) before 40 years, and the technology uses a low-permeability material to construct the barrier wall, so that the barrier wall has the advantages of long-term pollutant barrier, good barrier effect and the like. The materials of the barrier wall can be divided into: cement and its preparation methodWall, sheet pile wall, soil stirring wall, geomembrane wall. The barrier wall technology has good effect of preventing the migration of pollutants, but is suitable for groundwater pollution with lower seepage speed, and has higher requirement on the barrier wall material. Another category is barrier tape technology, including permeable reactive barrier technology, buffer tape, percolation cell, retention cell technology, and the like. The treatment object is soil runoff or groundwater pollutant. The technical principle is that the high permeability of the barrier belt is utilized, and when the water flow containing pollutants passes through the barrier belt, the filler and plants of the barrier belt reduce the concentration of the pollutants in the water flow through the functions of adsorption, interception, degradation and the like. The permeable reactive barrier can treat ammonia nitrogen, organic matters and heavy metals in the groundwater, and the long-term removal efficiency of the active carbon powder and limestone powder serving as materials for the heavy metals in the groundwater reaches 96%. The buffer zone is formed by soil, arbor, ryegrass and the like, so that Cd in runoff is reduced 2+ 、Pb 2+ The removal effect reaches 93% and 85%. Barrier tape technology is an effective measure to reduce contaminant concentration and prevent the area of contamination from expanding using high permeability materials.
The related patents related to the heavy metal blocking of soil in China mainly comprise a metal mine acid solid waste storage yard ecological acid blocking restoration method (CN 202210776745.1), a soil heavy metal mine waste residue blocking structure (CN202120095385. X), a blocking structure for blocking foreign soil pollution by a farmland heavy metal pollution source (CN202022384057. X), a farmland blocking device for reducing heavy metal pollution agriculture (CN 202020665240.4), an in-situ blocking treatment method for heavy metal pollution soil (CN201410030243. X), a foreign soil restoration method for orchard heavy metal pollution soil (CN 201910318414.1), an adsorption blocking wall for preventing and treating interactive migration pollution of heavy metal in river water and river bank soil, and the like. The above patents are primarily concerned with the use of low permeability materials to block the ingress of contaminants with water flow or to reduce the subsequent egress of contaminants by the retention and degradation of plants, and most require the construction of fixed building facilities. In addition, the conventional blocking technology at present adopts a low-permeability material to directly block a hydrologic flow channel, so that a water-gas channel of upstream and downstream farmland soil cannot be maintained, and the blocking technology is not applicable to blocking and intercepting of soil flow.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the utility model are as follows: the utility model provides a sloping field farmland soil runoff heavy metal separation area arrangement structure prevents that the runoff from carrying heavy metal to the water and gas passageway of low reaches soil again can be kept simultaneously to the pollution of low reaches farmland, does not influence the agricultural production of low reaches for polluting farmland.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a hillside land farmland soil runoff heavy metal separation area arrangement structure, includes that upstream pollutes hillside land farmland and low reaches uncontaminated farmland, has excavated the slot of settlement degree of depth along upstream pollution hillside land farmland and the uncontaminated farmland juncture of low reaches, has piled up heavy metal absorption ecological bag along its length direction layering in the slot. Wherein, the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag is formed by filling a heavy metal adsorption material in a packaging bag. The packaging bag has no special technical requirement and only needs to have certain water permeability. Preferably, the packaging bag can be made of commercial products with the size of 0.3 m-0.5 m multiplied by 0.6 m-0.8 m and is made of non-woven fabrics of polypropylene fiber (polypropylene fiber) or polyester fiber (PET fiber), and the packaging bag is pre-filled with heavy metal adsorption materials with the particle size of 0.2 mm-1.0 mm, wherein the heavy metal adsorption materials can be formed by combining the following 2-4 materials: zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, ground phosphate rock, coconut shell biochar, corn and balloonflower biochar, compost and the like.
Further is: the cross section of the groove is rectangular, the depth is 0.8 m-1.2 m, and the width is 1.2 m-2.0 m.
Further is: the top end face of the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag positioned at the lower edge of the groove is 0.3-0.5 m higher than the top end face of the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag positioned at the upper edge of the groove, the lower edge of the groove refers to the side of the groove, which is close to the downstream uncontaminated farmland, and the upper edge of the groove refers to the side of the groove, which is close to the upstream contaminated sloping field farmland.
Further is: the side of the ditch close to the farmland of the upstream polluted sloping field is provided with a slag blocking grid in a buried mode along the upper edge of the ditch, the slag blocking grid is arranged along the length direction of the ditch, and the top end of the slag blocking grid extends out of the ground at the position where the slag blocking grid is located to be set to be high.
Further is: the top end of the slag blocking grid extends out of the ground at the position of the slag blocking grid by 0.2 m-0.4 m.
Further is: the slag blocking grid is a net grid formed by transverse rib plates and vertical rib plates, and the grid clearance width of the slag blocking grid is 0.02 m-0.04 m.
Further is: the slag blocking grid is a hole-shaped grid, and the inner diameter of the holes is 0.02 m-0.04 m.
The utility model is preferably suitable for sloping fields with the gradient of less than 20 degrees.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
1. when runoff containing heavy metals in farmland of upstream polluted sloping fields flows through the slag blocking grids, scum in water flow is intercepted, and the scum is prevented from blocking the gap of the ecological bags, so that the subsequent water seepage capability is reduced.
2. After the runoff containing heavy metals of the farmland of the upstream polluted sloping fields enters the grooves, when the runoff flows through the multi-layer ecological bags, various heavy metals in water are adsorbed by the adsorption materials in the ecological bags, so that the concentration of heavy metals in the water which seeps downwards or laterally is greatly reduced.
3. The construction mode of directly digging the trench in the farmland and stacking the ecological bags in the trench is adopted, and the barrier belt filled with the heavy metal adsorption material in the ecological bags has simple site construction requirements and flow, and the ecological bags filled with the heavy metal adsorption material can be transported to the site for direct stacking after being prepared by manufacturers or different places, so that the requirements of site operation sites, manpower and the like are reduced; meanwhile, the ecological bags which are disabled are convenient to replace, the long-term effect of the barrier belts is kept, and the site management is convenient.
4. The adsorption barrier material has high permeability to other anions and cations such as Na + 、K + 、NO 3 - And the adsorption capacity of gas, microorganism and the like is weak, so that the circulation of nutrient substances and water vapor between the upstream soil and the downstream soil can be effectively maintained, and the influence on agricultural production of a downstream uncontaminated farmland is small.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic elevation view of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a slag blocking grid structure according to the present utility model.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a slag blocking grid according to the present utility model.
The marks in the figure: upstream polluted sloping field farmland 1, heavy metal-containing runoff 2, slag blocking grids 3, heavy metal adsorption ecological bags 4, downstream uncontaminated farmland 5, grooves 6, surface runoff 7, groove width a, groove depth b, grid clear width c and grid ground height d.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of facilitating understanding and practicing the utility model, preferred embodiments of the utility model are chosen to be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model comprises an upstream polluted sloping field farmland 1 and a downstream uncontaminated farmland 5, grooves 6 with set depth are dug along the junction of the upstream polluted sloping field farmland 1 and the downstream uncontaminated farmland 5, and heavy metal adsorption ecological bags 4 are layered and stacked in the grooves 6 along the length direction. The term "heavy metal adsorbing ecological bag 4" refers to a package bag filled with a heavy metal adsorbing material. The packaging bag has no special technical requirement and only needs to have certain water permeability. Preferably, the packaging bag can be made of commercial products with the size of 0.3 m-0.5 m multiplied by 0.6 m-0.8 m and is made of non-woven fabrics of polypropylene fiber (polypropylene fiber) or polyester fiber (PET fiber), and the packaging bag is pre-filled with heavy metal adsorption materials with the particle size of 0.2 mm-1.0 mm, wherein the heavy metal adsorption materials can be formed by combining the following 2-4 materials: zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, ground phosphate rock, coconut charcoal, corn-balloonflower charcoal, compost, etc., such as zeolite: and (3) composting: biochar=45; 35:20, a step of; zeolite: and (3) composting: biochar: ground phosphate rock=40; 35:20:5, a step of; zeolite: and (3) composting: biochar: ground phosphate rock=45; 28:27:10; zeolite: and (3) composting: biochar: ground phosphate rock=43; 32:18:7, etc.
In order to facilitate construction and effectively ensure the heavy metal adsorption effect of the ecological bag, the cross section of the groove 6 is preferably rectangular, the depth is 0.8 m-1.2 m, and the width is 1.2 m-2.0 m.
In order to improve the heavy metal adsorption effect of the ecological bag, the top end face of the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag 4 positioned at the lower edge of the groove 6 is 0.3-0.5 m higher than the top end face of the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag 4 positioned at the upper edge of the groove 6, the lower edge of the groove 6 refers to the side of the groove 6 close to the downstream uncontaminated farmland 5, and the upper edge of the groove 6 refers to the side of the groove 6 close to the upstream contaminated sloping field farmland 1.
In order to be convenient for intercept the dross, the side of slot 6 near the contaminated sloping field farmland 1 of upstream has buried in the border on slot 6 and has blocked the sediment grid 3, and the sediment grid 3 is arranged along slot 6 length direction, blocks the ground setting height that the top of sediment grid 3 stretches out its place. When the runoff containing heavy metals of the upstream polluted sloping field farmland 1 flows through the slag blocking grid 3, scum in water flow is intercepted, and the scum is prevented from blocking the gap of the ecological bag, so that the subsequent water seepage capability is reduced.
Preferably, the top end of the slag blocking grid 3 extends from 0.2m to 0.4m above the ground at the location of the slag blocking grid, and even more preferably 0.3m above the ground.
As shown in fig. 2, the slag blocking grid 3 can be a net grid formed by transverse rib plates and vertical rib plates, and the grid clearance width of the slag blocking grid 3 is 0.02 m-0.04 m.
As shown in fig. 3, the slag blocking grid 3 may be a hole-shaped grid, and the inner diameter of the holes is 0.02m to 0.04m.
The slag blocking grid 3 can be made of cast iron, stainless steel or high polymer materials.
The utility model is preferably suitable for sloping fields with the gradient of less than 20 degrees.
The treatment effect after the implementation of the utility model is as follows:
the experiment is carried out on a laboratory device by using composite heavy metal contaminated soil as a material and adopting a simulated artificial rainfall mode, the experimental results of rainfall in 1 year are shown in tables 1 and 2, and the proportions of the adopted adsorption materials are as follows: zeolite: and (3) composting: biochar: ground phosphate rock = 40:35:20:5.
TABLE 1 Experimental Barrier Effect (runoff flow 5 cm/min)
| Metal material | Soil content (mg/kg) | Runoff concentration (mg/L) | Concentration of barrier zone effluent (mg/kg) | Barrier efficiency (%) |
| Cadmium Cd | 18.9 | 0.50 | 0.028 | 94.4 |
| Pb of Pb | 299.6 | 0.50 | 0.020 | 96.0 |
| Zn zinc | 12250.0 | 1.60 | 0.10 | 93.8 |
TABLE 2 Experimental Barrier Effect (runoff flow 25 cm/min)
| Metal material | Soil content (mg/kg) | Runoff concentration (mg/L) | Concentration of barrier zone effluent (mg/kg) | Barrier efficiency (%) |
| Cadmium Cd | 18.9 | 0.50 | 0.032 | 93.6 |
| Pb of Pb | 299.6 | 0.50 | 0.012 | 97.6 |
| Zn zinc | 12250.0 | 1.60 | 0.176 | 89.0 |
The foregoing is illustrative of specific embodiments of the present utility model and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, or the like, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the present utility model, are intended to be included within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. Sloping field farmland soil runoff heavy metal separation area arrangement structure, including upstream pollution sloping field farmland (1) and non-contaminated farmland (5) of low reaches, its characterized in that: a ditch (6) with a set depth is dug at the junction of an upstream polluted sloping field farmland (1) and a downstream uncontaminated farmland (5), and heavy metal adsorption ecological bags (4) are stacked in layers in the ditch (6) along the length direction.
2. The hillside field soil runoff heavy metal blocking tape arrangement structure as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the groove (6) is rectangular, the depth is 0.8 m-1.2 m, and the width is 1.2 m-2.0 m.
3. The hillside field soil runoff heavy metal blocking tape arrangement structure as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the top end face of the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag (4) positioned at the lower edge of the groove (6) is 0.3-0.5 m higher than the top end face of the heavy metal adsorption ecological bag (4) positioned at the upper edge of the groove (6), the lower edge of the groove (6) is the side of the groove (6) close to the downstream uncontaminated farmland (5), and the upper edge of the groove (6) is the side of the groove (6) close to the upstream contaminated sloping field farmland (1).
4. The hillside field soil runoff heavy metal blocking tape arrangement structure as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the side of the groove (6) close to the upstream polluted sloping field farmland (1) is provided with a slag blocking grid (3) in a buried mode at the upper edge of the groove (6), the slag blocking grid (3) is arranged along the length direction of the groove (6), and the top end of the slag blocking grid (3) extends out of the ground at the position where the slag blocking grid is located to set the height.
5. The hillside field soil runoff heavy metal blocking tape arrangement structure as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the top end of the slag blocking grid (3) extends out of the ground at the position of 0.2 m-0.4 m.
6. The hillside field soil runoff heavy metal blocking tape arrangement structure as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the slag blocking grid (3) is a net grid formed by transverse rib plates and vertical rib plates, and the grid clearance width of the slag blocking grid (3) is 0.02 m-0.04 m.
7. The hillside field soil runoff heavy metal blocking tape arrangement structure as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the slag blocking grid (3) is a hole-shaped grid, and the inner diameter of the holes is 0.02 m-0.04 m.
8. The sloping field farmland soil runoff heavy metal blocking tape arrangement structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: is suitable for farmland with gradient less than 20 degrees.
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