CN219662544U - Visual tracheal catheter with acoustic monitoring function - Google Patents
Visual tracheal catheter with acoustic monitoring function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a visual tracheal catheter with an acoustic monitoring function, which comprises a catheter assembly provided with a main pipeline, a shooting module comprising a lens, a sound monitoring module for making sound towards the inside of the main pipeline and receiving echo, a display module and a main control module respectively connected with the shooting module, the sound monitoring module and the display module, wherein the monitoring method is used for monitoring the airway in real time by capturing real-time images in the airway and acquiring real-time acoustic airway monitoring data and integrating two detection modes. The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function has the characteristics of perfect performance, accurate detection effect and effective auxiliary establishment of an artificial airway.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a visual tracheal catheter with an acoustic monitoring function.
Background
Artificial airways are often employed in the prior art to assist in therapy. In practice, the airway is typically created by placing an endotracheal tube into the trachea, either through the mouth or nose, or by direct tracheotomy, to assist the patient in effective ventilation and treatment of pulmonary disease.
However, the establishment of the artificial airway also affects the normal physiological regulation function of the airway, such as complications caused by untimely treatment and nursing, and even life is endangered, so that scientific and effective artificial airway management is very important. Common intubation problems in clinic include the failure of the catheter to enter the correct trachea, accidental extubation, blockage of sputum, etc. How to ensure that the correct airway can be normally inserted during intubation and ensure the correctness of the catheter position and the smoothness of the pipeline during intubation is a critical problem.
Therefore, a device capable of effectively monitoring the state of the intubation tube in real time and feeding back the abnormal condition existing in the intubation process in time is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome at least one of the defects in the prior art, and provides a visual tracheal catheter with an acoustic monitoring function, which is convenient to use, can monitor the airway in real time and feeds back abnormal conditions in the intubation process in time.
In order to achieve the above object, a visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring function of the present utility model has the following constitution:
this possess visual endotracheal tube of acoustic monitoring function, its main characterized in that includes:
a catheter assembly comprising a body conduit;
the shooting module comprises a lens, wherein the lens is arranged on the side wall of the main body pipeline and is positioned at the front end of the main body pipeline;
the sound monitoring module is arranged at the rear end of the main pipeline, and is used for making sound towards the inside of the main pipeline and receiving echo;
a display module;
and the main control module is respectively connected with the shooting module, the sound monitoring module and the display module.
The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function comprises a main control module, a control module and a control module, wherein the main control module comprises a video receiving unit, an echo threshold value storage unit and a comparison unit;
the input end of the video receiving unit is connected with the shooting module, and the output end of the video receiving unit is connected with the display module;
the echo receiving unit is used for receiving the echo;
the echo threshold value storage unit is used for storing a preset echo threshold value of the system;
the comparison unit is respectively connected with the echo receiving unit, the echo threshold value storage unit and the display module, and is used for comparing the received echo with the echo threshold value pre-stored in the main control module and outputting the comparison result to the display module.
This possess visual endotracheal tube of acoustic monitoring function, wherein, sound monitoring module includes sound production unit and radio reception unit, sound production unit with the radio reception unit all with main control module is connected, sound production unit locates main body pipe's rear end, radio reception unit locates on main body pipe's the inside wall, just radio reception unit with sound production unit is adjacent, and the radio reception unit is located towards in the sound production unit one side of camera lens.
This possess visual endotracheal tube of acoustic monitoring function, wherein, sound production unit includes the speaker, the speaker with main part pipeline coaxial arrangement, just the sound production direction orientation of speaker in the main part pipeline, the speaker with main control module is connected.
This possess visual endotracheal tube of acoustic monitoring function, wherein, the radio reception unit includes first microphone and second microphone, first microphone with the second microphone is followed the axis direction of main body pipeline, set up side by side on the inside wall of main body pipeline, just first microphone is located sound production unit with between the second microphone, first microphone with the second microphone respectively with the main control module is connected.
The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function comprises a side pipeline, wherein the side pipeline is arranged on the side wall of the main body pipeline, the side pipeline is positioned at the rear end of the main body pipeline, and the side pipeline is communicated with the main body pipeline.
The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function has the beneficial effects that:
the utility model effectively combines the acoustic detection function and the visual observation function, and better implements omnibearing monitoring. By utilizing acoustics to monitor, the audio state monitored in real time can be used for providing basis for detecting the position of the catheter and the blockage degree of the air channel; the visual detection function is utilized, the catheter intubation process is effectively assisted, the secretion condition in the trachea can be intuitively observed when a user intubates, the defects of the schemes are well overcome by combining the two schemes, the local visual detection can be realized through vision, the global real-time monitoring can be realized through acoustics, and the device has the characteristics of perfect performance, accurate detection effect and effectively assisting the establishment of an artificial airway. Specifically, the visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function can realize the following functions:
1. in the intubation process, the situation in front of the intubation can be observed through the camera, so that the intubation is indicated;
2. after intubation, sound that can utilize sound monitoring module to transmit in pipe subassembly and the air flue is collected, carries out the monitoring through judging whether the sound of gathering is unusual, effectively detects the position that the camera failed to take.
Drawings
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present utility model.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring capabilities of the present utility model in one embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a propagation state of sound in a first pipe diameter state.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a propagation state of sound in a second pipe diameter state.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of acoustic ranging of a visual endotracheal tube in a trachea, in one embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of acoustic ranging in the presence of foreign objects in an endotracheal tube according to one embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of acoustic ranging in the presence of foreign objects in the trachea, according to one embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic test respiratory airflow.
Reference numerals
1. Catheter assembly
11. Main body pipeline
Front end of 111 main body pipeline
12 side pipeline
13 connecting pipe
14 air bag
21 loudspeaker
22 first microphone
23 second microphone
31 lens
32 signal line
33 lens interface
4. Air pipe
5. Tracheal carina
61. Foreign matter in main pipeline
62 intratracheal foreign bodies
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described with reference to the following detailed description in order to make the technical means, the inventive features, the achieved objects and the effects of the utility model easy to understand. The present utility model is not limited to the following examples.
It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the utility model to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the utility model, are not intended to be critical to the essential characteristics of the utility model, but are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the utility model.
The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function solves the problem that the intubation cannot be normally performed in the intubation process through visualization, and monitors the specific position of the front end 111 of the main body pipeline in the intubation in the trachea 4 in real time by combining an acoustic scheme, so that ventilation failure and human body injury caused by later movement of the catheter are avoided; the acoustic monitoring module can be used for collecting the sound transmitted from the catheter assembly and the airway, and monitoring is implemented by judging whether the collected sound is abnormal or not, so that the position which cannot be detected by the camera is effectively detected. The utility model is further described below with reference to fig. 1 to 7 and specific embodiments:
first embodiment:
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring function, comprising:
a conduit assembly 1 comprising a main body duct 11 and a side duct 12, the side duct 12 being provided on a side wall of the main body duct 11, and the side duct 12 being located at a rear end of the main body duct 11, and the side duct 12 being in communication with the main body duct 11; in the concrete implementation, the main pipeline 11 and the side pipeline 12 are both formed by hollow cylindrical pipe bodies, the main pipeline 11 and the side pipeline 12 can be connected together through a connecting pipe 13, and an air bag 14 can be arranged at the front end 111 of the main pipeline to better fix the main pipeline 11 in the air pipe 4; wherein the side conduit 12 may be used in connection with an external ventilator or the like;
the shooting module comprises a lens 31, wherein the lens 31 is arranged on the side wall of the main body pipeline 11, the lens 31 is positioned at the front end 111 of the main body pipeline, and the lens 31 is a miniature camera;
the sound monitoring module is arranged at the rear end of the main pipeline 11, and is used for making sound towards the inside of the main pipeline 11 and receiving echo;
a display module;
and the main control module is respectively connected with the shooting module, the sound monitoring module and the display module.
The lens 31 may be connected to a lens interface 33 through a signal line 32 passing through the main body pipe 11, and connected to a main control module through the lens interface 33.
In the implementation process, the images captured by the lens and the sound data monitored by the sound monitoring module can be transmitted to the display module through the main control module for reference by a user (in some embodiments, the user can automatically judge whether the abnormality exists by utilizing the numerical value of the sound data displayed in the display module and combining with a corresponding formula).
The embodiment comprises a video receiving unit, an echo threshold value storage unit and a comparison unit;
the input end of the video receiving unit is connected with the shooting module, and the output end of the video receiving unit is connected with the display module;
the echo receiving unit is used for receiving the echo;
the echo threshold value storage unit is used for storing a preset echo threshold value of the system;
the comparison unit is respectively connected with the echo receiving unit, the echo threshold value storage unit and the display module, and is used for comparing the received echo with the echo threshold value pre-stored in the main control module and outputting the comparison result to the display module.
In other embodiments, a single chip microcomputer or other chips capable of realizing corresponding data processing functions in the prior art may form a master control module, a system preset echo threshold is stored in the master control module, the echo is directly received through the master control module, and the received echo is compared with the echo threshold pre-stored in the master control module, so as to output a comparison result of whether the intubation of the visual tracheal catheter is normal.
During implementation, the voice monitoring module can collect the audio signals and directly output the collected audio signals to the display module for reference by a user, and the user calculates a detection result according to the collected data; the collected audio signals can be processed and identified, and the audio data are converted into corresponding detection result data and output to the display module for reference of a user.
In this embodiment, the front end 111 of the main pipe 11 is formed by one end of the main pipe 11 for insertion into the human body, and the rear end of the main pipe 11 is formed by one end of the main pipe 11 disposed outside the human body, and in other embodiments, the main pipe 11 and the side pipe 12 may be connected by a connection pipe 13 having a size corresponding to the inner diameter of the main pipe 11, and in this case, the rear end of the main pipe is formed by one end of the connection pipe 13 for mounting the sound monitoring module.
In this embodiment, the sound monitoring module includes sound generating unit and radio receiving unit, sound generating unit with the radio receiving unit all with main control module is connected, sound generating unit locates main body pipe 11's rear end, the radio receiving unit is located on main body pipe 11's the inside wall, just the radio receiving unit with the sound generating unit is adjacent, and the radio receiving unit is located towards in the sound generating unit one side of camera lens.
In this embodiment, the sound generating unit includes a speaker 21, the speaker 21 is coaxially disposed with the main body pipe 11, and a sound generating direction of the speaker 21 faces the main body pipe 11, and the speaker 21 is connected with the main control module.
In this embodiment, the sound receiving unit includes a first microphone 22 and a second microphone 23, where the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 are disposed on an inner sidewall of the main body pipe 11 in parallel along an axial direction of the main body pipe 11, and the first microphone 22 is located between the sound generating unit and the second microphone 23, and the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 are respectively connected with the main control module.
In this embodiment, the distance between the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 may be set to 25mm, and the distance between the first microphone 22 and the front end 111 of the main pipe is set to 300 mm, and the main pipe 11 may be formed by using a conduit of 7.5 mm, 8 mm or 9 mm (in other embodiments, the dimensions may be set according to actual needs).
As shown in fig. 1, the installation surface of the speaker 21 in this embodiment is perpendicular to the diameter direction of the main body pipe 11, so that sound emitted from the speaker 21 can propagate along the axis direction of the main body pipe 11 and directly reach the microphone and the front end 111 of the main body pipe 11, effectively reducing the reflection process of sound in the pipe, thereby reducing the generation of redundant reflection signals, simplifying the later signal processing and recognition process, avoiding erroneous judgment due to erroneous recognition of signals, and the like.
The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function in the embodiment can effectively detect the airway by utilizing the shooting module and the acoustic monitoring module to be matched with each other, the position of the tracheal catheter in the airway can be detected by utilizing the shooting module, image guidance is provided for insertion of the catheter, and meanwhile, sound is emitted to the main pipeline by utilizing the acoustic monitoring module and echo is received, so that real-time feedback audio in the airway is compared with threshold audio, and whether the position which cannot be shot by the shooting module is abnormal or not is judged. Where the threshold audio is the audio value that should be detected if the airway is in a normal condition. The shooting module and the sound monitoring module are mutually supplemented with the data detected by the sound monitoring module to effectively assist the establishment of the artificial airway.
When the visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function of the above embodiment includes: the present utility model relates to a catheter assembly 1 including a main body pipe 11 and a sound monitoring module including a sound generating unit, a first microphone 22 and a second microphone 23, where the sound generating unit is disposed at a rear end of the main body pipe 11 and emits the sound toward a front end 111 of the main body pipe, the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 are disposed on an inner side wall of the main body pipe 11 in parallel along an axial direction of the main body pipe 11 and are located at a side of the sound generating unit facing the lens, the first microphone 22 is located between the sound generating unit and the second microphone 23, and when the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 are spaced by a preset distance, the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 perform the following method for monitoring a lower airway (note that the following description is only to describe a function and implementation principle that can be performed by the visual tracheal catheter with an acoustic monitoring function of the present utility model, and not to refer to the following method that can be controlled by the visual tracheal catheter with an acoustic monitoring function, but not to the following method that can implement the acoustic monitoring function by means of the visual tracheal catheter, and the present utility model can only meet the above-mentioned special requirements by means of the method or can not meet the above-mentioned requirement of the special-mentioned method by means of the calculation of the control of the acoustic monitoring method, and the following method, and the above-mentioned method can not meet the requirements of the technical requirements, or the special requirements of the method:
capturing real-time images in the airway by adopting the visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function;
adopt the visual endotracheal tube that possesses acoustic monitoring function is towards sound in the main part pipeline 11 to receive the echo, according to towards sound and the received that send in the main part pipeline 11 the echo obtains real-time acoustic airway monitoring data, specifically includes the following step:
the following airway monitoring operation is performed once every first preset time length of the visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function, in this embodiment, the first preset time length is 10ms, and the first preset time length can be set as required in practical application:
the sound generating unit generates the sound toward the front end 111 of the main pipe to transmit a single-frequency pulse signal P with a preset frequency toward the front end 111 of the main pipe i In this embodiment, pulses with a frequency of 500 Hz-4000 Hz can be selected to form the single-frequency pulse signal P i ；
The first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 collect sound respectively to obtain a corresponding first output audio pulse signal and a corresponding second output audio pulse signal respectively;
if the time when the first microphone 22 receives the first output audio pulse signal is earlier than the time when the second microphone 23 receives the second output audio pulse signal, the sound collected at this time is determined to be an incident sound propagating from the rear end of the main pipe 11 toward the front end 111 of the main pipe, that is, the single-frequency pulse signal P i And records the time point when the first microphone 22 acquires the first output audio pulse signal, and marks the time point as an output time point t 0 ；
If the time when the first microphone 22 receives the first output audio pulse signal is later than the time when the second microphone 23 receives the second output audio pulse signal, determining that the sound collected at this time is a reflected sound propagating from the front end 111 of the main pipe to the rear end direction of the main pipe 11;
when the reflected sound is collected, if the first output audio pulse signal collected at the moment is a signal corresponding to the single-frequency pulse signal P i An opposite phase signal, and this signal is the signal received by the first microphone 22 i Post-receipt ofIs connected with the single-frequency pulse signal P i The signal of opposite phase determines that the reflected sound collected at this time is the first reflected wave P reflected in the rear end direction of the main pipe 11 after the incident sound is transmitted to the front end 111 of the main pipe r1 And collect the first reflected wave P by a first microphone r1 Marked as a first time point t 1 ；
When the reflected sound is collected, if the first output audio pulse signal collected at the moment is a signal corresponding to the single-frequency pulse signal P i An opposite phase signal, and this signal is the first reflected wave P received by the first microphone 22 r1 The first received signal P is connected with the single-frequency pulse signal P i The signal of opposite phase determines that the reflected sound collected at this time is the second reflected wave P reflected in the rear end direction of the main pipe 11 after the incident sound is transmitted to the tracheal carina 5 r2 And collect the second reflected wave P by the first microphone r2 Marked as second time point t 2 ；
When the reflected sound is collected, if the first output audio pulse signal collected at the moment is a signal corresponding to the single-frequency pulse signal P i In-phase signal and received earlier than the first reflected wave P received by the first microphone 22 r1 And then the sound collected at this time is determined to be a third reflected wave P reflected in the rear end direction of the main pipe after the incident sound is transmitted to the foreign matter 61 in the main pipe r10 Thereby determining that foreign matter exists in the main pipeline, and collecting the third reflected wave P by the first microphone r10 Marked as third time point t 10 ；
When the reflected sound is collected, if the time of the first output audio pulse signal collected at this time is later than the time of the second microphone 23 receiving the second output audio pulse signal, the first output audio pulse signal is a signal corresponding to the single frequency pulse signal P i In-phase signal and connectThe first output audio pulse signal is received later than the first reflected wave P received by the first microphone 22 r1 And then the sound collected at this time is determined to be a fourth reflected wave P reflected in the direction of the rear end of the main pipe after the incident sound is transmitted to the foreign matter 62 in the air pipe r20 Thereby determining that foreign matter exists in the air pipe, and collecting the fourth reflected wave P by the first microphone r20 Marked as a fourth time point t 20 ；
(in other embodiments, the time point when each reflected wave is collected by the second microphone can be uniformly selected for marking, so as to provide basis for subsequent detection);
the acoustic reflectance R at the front end 111 of the main pipe is detected by the following method 1 1 ：
And/or
The sectional area A of the part of the main pipeline is detected by the following method 2 1 ：
Wherein A is 0 Is the cross-sectional area of the main body pipe; or (b)
The sectional area A of the part of the main pipeline is detected by the following formula 3 1 ：
The section area A of the part where the main pipeline is positioned 1 Comparing with a threshold value of the sectional area of the air pipe 4 pre-stored in the system to determine whether the visual air pipe with the acoustic monitoring function is correctly inserted into the air pipe 4;
detecting and obtaining real-time sound velocity c in the main pipeline:
when it is determined that the visual endotracheal tube having an acoustic monitoring function is correctly inserted into the trachea 4 and it is determined that there is no foreign matter in the visual endotracheal tube and the trachea 4, a distance L from the front end 111 of the main body tube to the carina 5 is detected by the following 4 t ：
Or (b)
When it is determined that the visual endotracheal tube having an acoustic monitoring function is correctly inserted into the trachea 4 and it is determined that there is no foreign matter in the visual endotracheal tube and the trachea 4, a distance L from the front end 111 of the main body tube to the carina 5 is detected by the following 5 t ：
Wherein L is 1 A distance from the first microphone 22 to the front end 111 of the main pipe;
monitoring the real-time airflow velocity v within the main conduit by the following formula 6:
wherein L is m T is the distance between the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 i T, the time difference when the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 are detected to collect the same incident sound r A time difference when the same reflected sound is collected for the detected first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23;
when the detected real-time airflow velocity v is positive, judging that the current airway is in an inhaled air state, and when the detected real-time airflow velocity v is negative, judging that the current airway is in an exhaled air state;
the instantaneous volumetric flow Q in the main conduit at the section of the first microphone 22 acquired each time the airway monitoring operation is performed is monitored by the following formula 7:
q=v×s formula 7;
where S is the cross-sectional area of the main body conduit at the cross-section of the first microphone 22;
recording the instantaneous volume flow Q obtained when the airway monitoring operation is executed each time so as to monitor the gas flow conversion condition in the airway;
the real-time sound velocity c in the main pipe is obtained by the following detection of equation 8:
wherein L is m T is the distance between the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 i T, the time difference when the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 are detected to collect the same incident sound r A time difference when the same reflected sound is acquired for the detected first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23;
or (b)
When the real-time airflow velocity v in the main pipeline is monitored to be 0 (the real-time airflow velocity v can be obtained through the above formula 6, or the real-time airflow velocity v can be obtained through arranging an additional airflow detecting element in the main pipeline), the real-time sound velocity c in the main pipeline can be obtained through the following formula 9:
wherein L is 1 A distance from the first microphone 22 to the front end 111 of the main pipe;
monitoring the real-time temperature T within the main conduit by the following formula 10:
wherein z is a medium constant preset by the system;
recording the real-time temperature T obtained when the airway monitoring operation is executed each time so as to monitor the temperature transformation condition in the airway;
the distance L of the foreign matter 61 in the main pipe relative to the first microphone 22 is detected by the following 11 t10 ：
Wherein L is 1 A distance from the first microphone 22 to the front end 111 of the main pipe; and/or
Detecting the maximum cross-sectional dimension A of the foreign matter 61 in the main pipe by the following 12 10 ：
Wherein A is 0 Is the cross-sectional area of the main body pipe;
the distance L of the endotracheal foreign body 62 with respect to the front end 111 of the body tube is detected by the following 13 t20 ：
Wherein L is 1 A distance from the first microphone 22 to the front end 111 of the main pipe; and/or
The first microphone 22 collects the fourth reflected wave P r20 The first received signal and the single frequency pulse signal P i In phase, and propagating a refracted wave signal P from the front end 111 of the main pipe to the rear end of the main pipe t30 ；
The test specimen was tested by the following 14Maximum cross-sectional dimension A of the endotracheal tube 62 20 ：
Wherein A is 0 Is the cross-sectional area of the main body pipe;
and displaying the real-time image and the real-time acoustic airway monitoring data, and providing a basis for real-time airway monitoring.
The principle of the visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring function according to the present utility model is further described below with reference to fig. 2 to 7:
as shown in fig. 2, when the section of the pipe is changed from large to small in the process of acoustic wave propagation, the reflected wave has the same phase as the incident wave; and as shown in fig. 3, when the section of the pipe is changed from small to large during the propagation of the acoustic wave, the reflected wave is opposite in phase to the incident wave. R in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 P Is the sound pressure reflectivity, P i 、P r And P t Respectively an incident wave, a reflected wave and a refracted wave, A 0 And A 1 The cross-sectional areas of the two cross-sections before and after the sound wave propagation are respectively.
When the visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function is used for detection, the main body pipeline and the tracheal catheter can be approximately regarded as two catheters with uniform sections respectively when the visual tracheal catheter is inserted into a trachea, wherein the caliber of the trachea is larger than that of the main body pipeline, so that the state can be equivalently regarded as the state shown in fig. 3.
In operation, after insertion of the catheter into the trachea, a pulsed sound with a frequency of 500-4000 Hz can be emitted as incident sound waves P using the loudspeaker 21 i (i.e. single frequency pulse signal P i ) In this case, since the wavelength of sound is far greater than the diameter of the main pipe, the main pipe and the air pipe can be approximately regarded as two pipes with uniform cross section, and referring to the structure shown in fig. 3, the formula of propagation reflection of sound in the main pipe and the air pipe can be obtained by referring to the following formulas 15 and 16:
P i +P r ＝P t formula 16;
while the sound wave continues to propagate forward in the trachea to the carina 5, the cross-sectional area again becomes larger, and the sound wave is reflected as such.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of acoustic ranging of a visual endotracheal tube in a trachea, in one embodiment. Figure 4 shows, in an embodiment, one cycle of propagation of the primary sound signal when there is no airflow velocity in the conduit when in the breathing gap after the main conduit has entered the normal trachea.
The loudspeaker 21 emits a single frequency pulse signal P of 500 Hz-4000 Hz every 10ms i For easy understanding, the signal is preset to be positive phase, when the single frequency pulse signal P i The first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 are sequentially picked up in real time, at this time, whether the first microphone 22 receives the first output audio pulse signal and the second microphone 23 receives the second output audio pulse signal is an incident sound or a reflected sound can be determined according to the sequence of the first microphone 22 receiving the first output audio pulse signal and the second microphone 23 receiving the second output audio pulse signal, when the first microphone 22 receives the first output audio pulse signal earlier than the second microphone 23 receives the second output audio pulse signal, the first microphone 22 receives the first output audio pulse signal is determined to be the incident sound, and the time point of the first microphone 22 receiving the first output audio pulse signal is marked as the output time point t 0 ；
When the pulse sound continues to propagate to the front end 111 of the main pipe, the cross-sectional area of the propagation pipe changes, and a first reflected wave Pr1 and a transmitted wave P are generated t1 First reflected wave P r1 The signals are captured while sequentially passing through the second microphone 23 and the first microphone 22, the signals are signals with opposite phases, the signals can be analyzed to be reflected sound signals reflected from the front end 111 of the main pipeline according to the time sequence of the signals collected by the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23, and the time point at the moment is marked as t 1 (i.e. the first reflected wave P is acquired r1 Time point of (f)Is marked as a first time point t 1 ). Transmitted wave P t1 The corresponding second reflected wave P is generated after the propagation through the carina 5 r2 The signals being in the same opposite phase, the time t2 at which the second reflected wave P is to be acquired being marked r2 Marked as second time point t 2 )。
The first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 can directly grasp the time sequence to reflect the first reflected wave P r1 And a second reflected wave P r2 The signals that have been reflected again after having passed through the two microphones and continued forward are identified as invalid signals and removed during post-processing.
According to the principle of acoustic propagation in pipes with different sections, the calculation formula of the propagation distance L is shown in the following formula 17:
l=c×t formula 17;
c in equation 17 is the speed of sound in the pipe, and t is the time that the sound propagates in the pipe. Because of individual differences and changes in factors such as time and temperature in the gaseous medium in the airway, the speed of sound needs to be confirmed in real time, whereas because the medium in the airway changes relatively slowly over time, the medium can be considered approximately unchanged during a test cycle.
The real-time speed of sound c in the main conduit can be obtained using the above equation 9 detection. Further, the distance L from the tip 111 of the main body pipe to the carina 5 can be detected by using the above-mentioned method 4 t 。
Whereas, according to the principle of propagation of a plane acoustic wave in a finite duct, the relative formula of acoustic reflection at the end of the duct can be found as shown in equation 18 below:
therefore, the cross-sectional area A of the main pipeline can be detected by using the above formulas 2 and 3 1 。
Meanwhile, the size range of the human adult trachea is relatively fixed, and the human adult trachea has larger difference from esophagus, bronchus, oral cavity and the likeThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Therefore, the sectional area A of the main pipeline can be detected 1 Whether the tracheal catheter is in the range of the tracheal sectional area of a normal adult (the range of the tracheal sectional area of the normal adult can be pre-stored in the system as a threshold value of the tracheal sectional area), and judging whether the tracheal catheter is normally inserted into the trachea, but not erroneously inserted into the esophagus, the bronchus, the oral cavity and other positions.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of acoustic ranging in the presence of foreign objects in an endotracheal tube according to one embodiment. As shown in fig. 5, when there is a foreign object somewhere in the main pipe, the single frequency pulse signal P i After entering, the third reflected wave P is generated after the incident light passes through the foreign matter in the main pipeline r10 The third reflected wave P r10 Is a positive phase signal and the third reflected wave P r10 Relative to the first reflected wave P r1 At the same time according to the third reflected wave P r10 Judging the signal to be a foreign matter reflection signal through the sequence of the second microphone 23 and the first microphone 22, and recording the time at the moment as t 10 (i.e. the third reflected wave P is acquired r10 Marked as third time point t 10 ) Therefore, the distance L between the foreign matter 61 in the main pipe and the first microphone 22 can be detected by the above-mentioned 11 in combination with the above-mentioned sound wave transmission principle t10 . At the same time, the maximum cross-sectional dimension A of the foreign matter 61 in the main pipeline can be detected by combining the above 12 10 。
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of acoustic ranging in the presence of foreign objects in the trachea, according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, when there is a foreign object in the trachea, the single-frequency pulse signal Pi is incident and then passes through the front end of the main pipeline to generate a first reflected wave P r1 And generates a corresponding refracted wave P t1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Refractive wave P t1 After continuing to propagate and encountering the endotracheal foreign object 62, a fourth reflected wave P will appear r20 Where the reflectance is R 20 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And a new fifth reflected wave P appears after the reflected wave propagates to the front end 111 of the main pipeline r30 And corresponding refracted wave P t30 Where the reflectance is R 30 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And a fifth reflected wave P r30 Corresponding refracted wave P t30 The signal is also positive phase signal and is opposite to the first reflected wave P r1 The time delay of the mark after being recorded by the first microphone 22 is t 20 (i.e. the fourth reflected wave P is acquired r20 Marked as a fourth time point t 20 ). Thus, the distance L of the endotracheal foreign body 62 relative to the front end 111 of the body tube can be detected by the above 13 t20 。
Analyzing the propagation characteristics of the signals everywhere in fig. 6, the following formulas 19 to 22 can be obtained:
/>
P i +P r1 ＝P t1 formula 21;
P r20 +P r30 ＝P t30 formula 22;
the maximum cross-sectional dimension A of the endotracheal tube 62 can be detected by the above 14 20 。
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic test respiratory airflow. Fig. 7 shows a state in which the flow rate of the air flow in the main body duct is v during breathing. Wherein the speaker 21 emits a single frequency pulse signal P i1 . The single frequency pulse signal P i1 The propagation velocity in the stationary gas stream is the speed of sound c, and according to the doppler effect, the signal propagates forward in the conduit at the speed c+v. Then successively is separated by a distance L m Is received by the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23, and the space L between the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 can be set m Designed to be 25mm and records the time difference t between the first microphone 22 and the second microphone 23 capturing the same audio i . As the audio signal continues to propagate forward to the front end 111 of the main pipe, a first reflected wave P is generated due to abrupt change in pipe diameter r1 The reflected signal propagation velocity is c-v (since the sonic propagation is much greater than the gas flow velocity, the incident and reflected signalsThe number time difference is on the order of a relatively small millisecond so the airflow rate can be considered approximately the same over that period). The reflected signal is then received by the second microphone 23 and the first microphone 22 in succession, and the time difference between the two microphones receiving the signal is recorded as t r . The real-time airflow velocity v in the main conduit can be monitored according to equation 6 above.
And when the detected real-time airflow speed v is positive, judging that the current airway is in an inhaled air state, and when the detected real-time airflow speed v is negative, judging that the current airway is in an exhaled air state.
The product S of the real-time airflow velocity v and the cross-sectional area of the first microphone 22 is the instantaneous volumetric flow Q. The instantaneous volumetric flow Q in the main conduit at the cross-section of the first microphone 22 can be found according to equation 7 above.
While the speaker 21 emits the single-frequency pulse signal P at a fixed frequency i And when the flow rate of the air in the air channel is changed, and the change of the flow rate of the air in the air channel is monitored.
Meanwhile, the real-time sound velocity c in the main pipeline can be obtained according to the above formula 8:
the real-time temperature T in the main pipe is also monitored by equation 10 above in this example based on the relationship of sound velocity to temperature, where z is the dielectric constant and typically air is 20.05. Therefore, a curve of the real-time temperature change of the air flow along with time can be drawn to monitor the temperature change condition in the air passage.
When the visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function is detected by combining the method of the embodiment, the specific position of the front end of the main body pipeline can be monitored in real time; after intubation, the position, the size and the specific phenomenon of secretion in the catheter and the trachea are monitored in real time; after intubation, secretion is accurately removed through visualization. The size of the secretion (or foreign matter) in the catheter and the airway is effectively monitored in real time, and the medical staff is better guided to remove the secretion (or foreign matter) by visually confirming the specific position and form of the secretion (or foreign matter).
In the embodiment, a lens is arranged at the whole section of the main pipeline so as to observe the influence in the process of catheterization in real time, and the catheterization is carried out after the main pipeline passes through organs such as glottis and the like through visual guidance in the process of catheterization; meanwhile, the intubation process of the left bronchus and the right bronchus can be guided. After intubation, conditions in the trachea, such as foreign objects, bumps, etc., in front of the catheter head may be observed, which may be directed to removal.
The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function provided by the utility model is used for capturing the real-time image in the airway, acquiring real-time acoustic airway monitoring data and providing a basis for the real-time monitoring of the airway by combining two detection modes. The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function has the characteristics of perfect performance, accurate detection effect and effective auxiliary establishment of an artificial airway.
In the technical scheme of the visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function, each included functional module and module unit can correspond to a specific hardware circuit in an integrated circuit structure, so that only the improvement of the specific hardware circuit is related, a hardware part does not only belong to a carrier for executing control software or a computer program, and therefore, corresponding technical problems are solved and corresponding technical effects are obtained, and the application of the control software or the computer program is not related, namely, the technical problems to be solved can be solved only by utilizing the improvement of the hardware circuit structure related to the modules and the units, the corresponding technical effects are obtained, and the corresponding functions can be realized without assistance of specific control software or computer programs.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present utility model. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the utility model without requiring creative effort by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A visual endotracheal tube having acoustic monitoring capabilities, comprising:
a catheter assembly comprising a body conduit;
the shooting module comprises a lens, wherein the lens is arranged on the side wall of the main body pipeline and is positioned at the front end of the main body pipeline;
the sound monitoring module is arranged at the rear end of the main pipeline, and is used for making sound towards the inside of the main pipeline and receiving echo;
a display module;
and the main control module is respectively connected with the shooting module, the sound monitoring module and the display module.
2. The visual tracheal catheter with the acoustic monitoring function according to claim 1, wherein the main control module comprises a video receiving unit, an echo threshold value storage unit and a comparison unit;
the input end of the video receiving unit is connected with the shooting module, and the output end of the video receiving unit is connected with the display module;
the echo receiving unit is used for receiving the echo;
the echo threshold value storage unit is used for storing a preset echo threshold value of the system;
the comparison unit is respectively connected with the echo receiving unit, the echo threshold value storage unit and the display module, and is used for comparing the received echo with the echo threshold value pre-stored in the main control module and outputting the comparison result to the display module.
3. The visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring function according to claim 1, wherein the sound monitoring module comprises a sound generating unit and a sound receiving unit, the sound generating unit and the sound receiving unit are both connected with the main control module, the sound generating unit is arranged at the rear end of the main body pipeline, the sound receiving unit is arranged on the inner side wall of the main body pipeline, the sound receiving unit is adjacent to the sound generating unit, and the sound receiving unit is arranged at one side of the sound generating unit facing the lens.
4. The visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring function according to claim 3, wherein the sound generating unit includes a speaker, the speaker is coaxially disposed with the main body pipe, and the sound generating direction of the speaker is toward the inside of the main body pipe, and the speaker is connected with the main control module.
5. The visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring function according to claim 3, wherein the sound receiving unit includes a first microphone and a second microphone, the first microphone and the second microphone are disposed on an inner side wall of the main body tube in parallel along an axial direction of the main body tube, and the first microphone is located between the sound generating unit and the second microphone, and the first microphone and the second microphone are connected with the main control module, respectively.
6. The visual endotracheal tube with acoustic monitoring function of claim 1, wherein said tube assembly further comprises a side tube, said side tube being provided on a side wall of said main body tube, and said side tube being located at a rear end of said main body tube, and said side tube being in communication with said main body tube.
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