CN219626796U - Power supply device and energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a power supply device and an energy storage system. The power supply device includes a housing, a battery unit, and a flexible circuit board. Wherein: the shell comprises a containing cavity, the battery unit is arranged in the containing cavity, the shell is provided with a valve port communicated with the containing cavity, and the valve port is connected with a valve. The flexible circuit board is arranged on the shell and comprises a first area and a second area, the metal layer of the first area is electrically connected with the metal layer of the second area, the thickness of the first area is smaller than that of the second area, and the first area covers the valve. When the power supply device is out of control, the pressure in the accommodating cavity is increased, and more quantity is generated, so that the metal layer of the first area is flushed or thermally fused by the valve. The situation that the power supply device is out of control can be judged according to the metal layer electric signal disconnection of the first area so as to send out an alarm signal, further emergency treatment can be carried out, loss is reduced, and the safety of the power supply device can be improved.

Description

Power supply device and energy storage system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of power storage devices, in particular to a power supply device and an energy storage system.

Background

Batteries have given rise to tremendous changes in people's lives since their advent, from small portable electronic devices (e.g., smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, and notebooks, etc.) to large mobile devices (e.g., electric automobiles, electric trucks, and electric boats), etc., all run on the power provided by the batteries. The requirements of different application scenes on the capacity voltage of the battery are different, and the unit batteries usually work in a serial-parallel connection mode.

For example, in electric automobiles, electric trucks and electric boats, because the electric quantity required in such a scene can reach tens to hundreds of KWh and the voltage often reaches hundreds to kilovolts, a plurality of unit cells are formed into a battery pack with a certain capacity in a serial-parallel connection mode.

The battery pack has a thermal runaway risk such as an explosion or fire. The safety hidden trouble is also provided for the equipment using the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be timely found out after thermal runaway and rapidly processed, and the safety of the battery pack can be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a power supply device and an energy storage system, which are convenient for finding out in time when the power supply device is out of control, and the safety of the power supply device is improved.

In a first aspect, the present utility model provides a power supply device including a housing, a battery unit, and a flexible circuit board. Wherein: the shell comprises a containing cavity, the battery unit is arranged in the containing cavity, the shell is provided with a valve port communicated with the containing cavity, and the valve port is connected with a valve. Specifically, the valve is weak in connection with the valve port, and when pressure expansion occurs in the accommodating cavity, the valve of the accommodating cavity is disconnected with the valve port to release the pressure in the accommodating cavity. Above-mentioned flexible circuit board sets up in the casing, and flexible circuit board includes first region and second region, and the metal level in first region is connected with the metal level conduction in second region, and the thickness in first region is less than the thickness in second region, and first region covers the valve. When the power supply device is out of control, the pressure in the accommodating cavity is increased, and more quantity is generated, so that the metal layer of the first area is flushed or thermally fused by the valve. The flexible circuit board can be connected with the controller, and the controller can judge the condition that the power supply device is out of control according to the metal layer electric signal disconnection of the first area so as to send out an alarm signal, so that further emergency treatment can be carried out, loss is reduced, and the safety of the power supply device can be improved.

In a specific embodiment, the form of the metal layer in the first area is not limited, for example, the metal layer in the first area is a metal wire or a metal sheet. The metal layer structure adopting the metal wire or the metal sheet is simpler, the design is convenient, and the melting point and the size of the metal layer aiming at the first area are easier to control.

When the metal layer of the first region is a metal wire, the cross-sectional area of the metal wire is less than or equal to 0.08 square millimeters.

When the metal layer of the first area is a metal sheet, the width of the metal sheet is less than or equal to half of the width of the valve.

When the metal layer of the first region is a metal sheet, the thickness of the metal sheet is less than or equal to 0.05 mm.

The metal wires and the metal sheets meet the size requirements, so that when the power supply device is out of control, the metal layer in the first area can be correspondingly made quickly, and the thermal control condition of the power supply device can be treated as soon as possible.

In addition, the melting point range of the metal layer in the first region may be adjusted according to different types of batteries, for example, the melting point range of a ternary type battery should be lower than 1000 degrees celsius, and the melting point range of an iron lithium type battery should be lower than 700 degrees celsius. When the power supply device is in thermal runaway, the metal layer in the first area can be fused rapidly to send out signals.

The first area is not limited in the form of the flexible circuit board, and in one technical scheme, the first area is arranged between two second areas, the metal layer of the first area is a metal part, and two ends of the metal part are respectively welded with the adjacent second areas. The flexible circuit board may not be a unitary structure, and may include a plurality of the second regions, for example, and adjacent second regions may be connected by the metal member.

In another aspect, the first region and the second region are integrally formed. That is, the flexible circuit board is an integral structure, and the first area and the second area are different areas of the flexible circuit board. The scheme is beneficial to simplifying the mounting process of the flexible circuit board.

In this embodiment, the metal layer in the first region and the metal layer in the second region form a circuit pattern. The scheme can realize multiplexing of the flexible circuit board, and is beneficial to reducing the cost of the power supply device.

Further, the housing includes a plurality of accommodating chambers and a plurality of battery units, and each accommodating chamber is provided with a battery unit therein; the flexible circuit board comprises a plurality of first areas; the valve of each housing is covered with at least one first area. The scheme can monitor the thermal runaway condition of the battery cells in each accommodating cavity. In addition, can also change a plurality of holding chambers to confirm the position of the battery that appears thermal runaway, in order to be convenient for accurate location and timely processing.

In a specific technical scheme, the flexible circuit board is also used for monitoring the voltage and the temperature of the power supply device. The scheme can realize multiplexing of the flexible circuit board, and when being used for detecting the voltage and the temperature of the power supply device, the flexible circuit board is provided with the number information corresponding to the accommodating cavity or the battery unit in the accommodating cavity, and the number signals can be multiplexed when the battery unit is monitored to be out of control. The scheme is beneficial to reducing the cost of the power supply device.

The power supply device may further include a controller connected to the flexible circuit board, and the controller is configured to control the battery corresponding to the first area of the circuit disconnection to stop operation when the controller detects that the circuit of the first area of the flexible circuit board is disconnected.

In a further technical scheme, the controller is also connected with a fire-fighting module; when the controller detects that the first area circuit of the flexible circuit board is disconnected, the controller is used for controlling the starting of the fire-fighting module. The fire-fighting module can timely extinguish the fire of the battery unit with thermal runaway so as to reduce the explosion or fire of the power supply device.

The specific type of the power supply device is not limited, and in one technical scheme, the power supply device is a battery module, and the battery unit is a battery. In another technical scheme, the power supply device can be a battery, and the battery unit is a battery core. The technical scheme of the utility model is applicable as long as the power supply device with the thermal runaway condition exists.

In a second aspect, the utility model further provides an energy storage system. The energy storage system comprises a power converter and the power supply device of the first aspect. The power converter is used for converting the current input into the power supply device and/or converting the current output from the power supply device. The probability of the energy storage system that the large-area fire or explosion occurs is lower, and the safety of the energy storage system is improved.

In a specific technical scheme, the specific type of the energy storage system is not limited. For example, the energy storage system may include a power distribution cabinet, a battery exchange cabinet, or an on-board device.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another partial structure of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another partial structure of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another partial structure of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

Reference numerals:

1-a housing;

11-a receiving cavity;

12-valve port;

2-battery cells;

3-a flexible circuit board;

31-a first region;

32-a second region.

Detailed Description

The terminology used in the following examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. As used in the specification of the utility model and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" are intended to include, for example, "one or more" such forms of expression, unless the context clearly indicates to the contrary.

Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "a particular embodiment" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the utility model. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.

In order to facilitate understanding of the power supply device and the energy storage system provided by the embodiments of the present utility model, an application scenario thereof is first described below. During use, the electronic device typically requires a power supply device to supply power to the electronic device. Currently, various types of electronic devices, such as energy storage base stations and electric vehicles, can generally select a battery pack formed by secondary batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, lead acid batteries, sodium batteries, magnesium batteries, aluminum batteries, and potassium batteries, as a power supply device. In the embodiment of the utility model, the secondary battery (rechargeable battery) is also called a rechargeable battery, a power battery or a storage battery, and specifically refers to a battery which can be continuously used by activating an active material in a charging manner after discharging the battery. The battery can cause thermal runaway problems due to short circuit and the like in the use process, so that the battery is detected in time when the battery is in thermal runaway, and the battery has important significance for ensuring the safety of electronic equipment with the battery.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the present utility model will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model, and as shown in fig. 1, the power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model includes a housing 1, a battery unit 2, and a flexible circuit board 3. Wherein: the housing 1 includes a housing chamber 11, and the battery unit 2 is disposed in the housing chamber 11. The housing 1 has a valve port 12 communicating with the accommodation chamber 11, and the valve port 12 is connected to a valve. The flexible circuit board 3 is disposed on the housing 1, and may specifically be disposed on a surface of the housing 1, for example, the flexible circuit board 3 is disposed on a surface of the housing 1 facing away from the battery unit 2. The flexible circuit board 3 includes a first region 31 and a second region 32, the thickness of the first region 31 is smaller than that of the second region 32, and the first region 31 covers the valve. The metal layer of the first region 31 is electrically connected to the metal layer of the second region 32, and may be used for transmitting electrical signals. When the power supply device is out of control, the gas in the accommodating chamber 11 may accumulate, resulting in an increase in pressure in the accommodating chamber 11, and a large amount of heat may be generated. The pressure in the accommodating chamber 11 may cause the valve of the housing 1 to open, thereby flushing the metal layer of the first area 31, or the heat may cause the metal layer in the first area 31 to fuse, thereby causing the electrical signal in the first area 31 to break. The flexible circuit board 3 may be connected to a controller, and the controller may determine that the power supply device has thermal runaway according to the electrical signal disconnection of the metal layer in the first area 31, so as to send out an alarm signal, so that further emergency treatment may be performed, loss may be reduced, and the safety of the power supply device may be improved.

The specific mode of the alarm signal sent by the controller is not limited, and specifically, the power supply device can be further provided with an alarm, such as a buzzer or a warning lamp. The controller is connected with the alarm, and the alarm receives the alarm signal sent by the controller and sends out an alarm according to the received alarm signal, that is, the controller controls the alarm to send out an alarm. Alternatively, the controller may include a wireless connection module through which an alarm signal is transmitted to a user's terminal, such as a display screen of a mobile phone, a computer, or an automobile, etc., to alert the user.

Specifically, the tightness of the accommodating cavity 11 satisfies the minimum grade IP (ingress protection), namely IP20, so that the diffusion of the fire-fighting agent in the accommodating cavity 11 is reduced, the time for detecting the leakage of the fire suppression device by the gas sensor 3 is shortened, and the accuracy for detecting the leakage of the fire suppression device by the gas sensor 3 is improved. For example, the sealing property of the housing chamber 11 satisfies the IP grades IP21, IP25, IP27, IP30, IP32, IP35, IP40, IP42, IP45, IP50, IP53, IP57, IP60, IP61, IP63, IP65, IP66, IP67, or the like. Further, the sealing property of the accommodating chamber 11 may be satisfied with an IP level greater than IP55.

The melting point range of the metal layer in the first region may be adjusted according to different types of batteries, for example, the melting point range of a ternary type battery should be lower than 1000 degrees celsius, and the melting point range of an iron lithium type battery should be lower than 700 degrees celsius. When the power supply device is in thermal runaway, the metal layer in the first area can be fused rapidly to send out signals.

In addition, in a specific embodiment, the form of the metal layer in the first area is not limited, for example, the metal layer in the first area is a metal wire or a metal sheet. The metal layer may be broken when a thermal runaway occurs, as long as it can transmit a signal. And the metal layer structure of the metal wire or the metal sheet is simpler, the design is convenient, and the melting point and the size of the metal layer aiming at the first area are easier to control. In other embodiments, the metal layer of the first area may also be a circuit pattern, which is beneficial to multiplexing the flexible circuit board.

When the metal layer of the first region is a metal wire, the cross-sectional area of the metal wire is less than or equal to 0.08 square millimeters. For example, the cross-sectional area of the wire may be 0.01 square millimeters, 0.02 square millimeters, 0.03 square millimeters, 0.04 square millimeters, 0.05 square millimeters, 0.06 square millimeters, or 0.07 square millimeters.

When the metal layer in the first area is a metal sheet, the metal sheet is a three-dimensional structure, and the three dimensions are respectively a length, a width and a thickness, wherein the length is greater than the width and greater than the thickness. Conversely, the sheet metal has the smallest dimension of thickness and the largest dimension of length.

The width of the metal sheet is less than or equal to half the width of the valve. For example, the width of the metal sheet may be one third of the width of the valve, etc. In particular, the ratio of the width of the metal sheet to the width of the valve is a significant consideration. The width of the valve means the same dimension of the valve as the width direction of the metal sheet. In particular, when the valve is a circular valve, the width is the diameter of the circular valve. Alternatively, the width is understood to be the largest dimension of the valve in the same direction as the width direction of the metal sheet.

In addition, the thickness of the metal sheet is less than or equal to 0.05 mm. For example, the thickness of the metal sheet may be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or the like.

The metal wires and the metal sheets meet the size requirements, so that when the power supply device is out of control, the metal layer in the first area can be correspondingly made quickly, and the thermal control condition of the power supply device can be treated as soon as possible.

Fig. 2 is a schematic partial structure of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment, the first area 31 is disposed between two second areas 32, a metal layer of the first area 31 is a metal component, and two ends of the metal component are welded to adjacent second areas 32 respectively. In this embodiment, the flexible circuit board 3 may not be a unitary structure, and may include a plurality of the second regions 32, for example, and the adjacent second regions 32 may be connected by the metal member. In a specific embodiment, the metal component may be welded to the metal layer of the second region 32 by welding.

In a specific embodiment, the shape of the metal component is not limited, and for example, the metal component may be a wire or a metal sheet. The power supply device can be designed according to actual requirements, for example, the temperature and/or the air pressure of high-temperature air for opening the valve of the driving shell 1 can be selected and designed, so that the metal parts can be disconnected in time when the power supply device is out of control.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of another partial structure of the power supply device according to the embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 3, in another embodiment, the first area 31 and the second area 32 are integrally formed. Specifically, the flexible circuit board 3 is an integral structure, and the first area 31 and the second area 32 are different areas of the flexible circuit board 3. Of course, in a specific embodiment, the power supply device may comprise a plurality of flexible circuit boards 3, each flexible circuit board 3 comprising a first area 31 and a second area 32. In this embodiment, the first area 31 of the flexible circuit board 3 may be etched, so that the metal layer surface of the first area 31 has only a thinner insulating layer, and thus the first area 31 is easier to be punched out, and the metal layer of the first area 31 is easier to be fused.

When the first area 31 and the second area 32 are integrally formed, the metal layer of the first area 31 may be a metal wire or a metal sheet, which is not limited in the present utility model. The power supply device can be designed according to actual requirements, for example, the temperature and/or the air pressure of high-temperature air for opening the valve of the driving shell 1 can be selected and designed, so that the metal parts can be disconnected in time when the power supply device is out of control.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another partial structure of the power supply device according to the embodiment of the utility model, as shown in fig. 4, in another embodiment, when the first area 31 and the second area 32 are integrally formed, the metal layer of the first area 31 and the metal layer of the second area 32 form a circuit pattern. In this technical solution, the function to be realized by the circuit pattern is not limited by using the flexible circuit board 3 in the prior art, and the flexible circuit board 3 may be a circuit board for realizing any function of the power supply device. In this embodiment, the flexible circuit board 3 required for the power supply device itself can be utilized, which is advantageous in reducing the cost of the power supply device.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another partial structure of the power supply device according to an embodiment of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in a specific embodiment, the housing 1 includes a plurality of accommodating chambers 11 and a plurality of battery units 2, and each of the accommodating chambers 11 is provided with the battery unit 2 therein. Specifically, the plurality of accommodating chambers 11 and the plurality of battery cells 2 may be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, or the plurality of battery cells 2 may be arranged in one accommodating chamber 11, or the battery cells 2 may not be arranged in the respective accommodating chambers 11. For monitoring the thermal runaway condition of the battery cells 2 in each housing cavity 11, the flexible circuit board 3 comprises a plurality of first areas 31, and the valve of each housing 1 is covered with at least one first area 31. In this embodiment, the thermal runaway condition of the battery cells 2 in each of the accommodation chambers 11 can be monitored. Specifically, the accommodating chambers 11 or the battery units 2 in the accommodating chambers 11 may be numbered, so that each accommodating chamber 11 or the battery unit 2 in the accommodating chamber 11 has the number information, the first area 31 of the flexible circuit board 3 corresponds to the number information, when a signal disconnection occurs in a certain first area 31, the battery unit 2 with thermal runaway occurrence may be determined according to the number information, and the battery unit 2 is powered off, and corresponding fire protection measures are taken. The scheme can shorten the range of explosion or fire as much as possible so as to reduce loss.

When the flexible circuit board 3 includes a plurality of first regions 31, the metal layers in different first regions 31 may be connected in series and/or in parallel, which the present utility model is not limited to. Specifically, when the metal layers in the above-described different first regions 31 are connected in parallel, the number of ports of the controller is required to be high, but when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 2, the response speed of the controller is high, and a signal of thermal runaway can be obtained quickly.

In one embodiment, the flexible circuit board 3 may be used to monitor the voltage and temperature of the power supply. The scheme can realize multiplexing of the flexible circuit board 3, and when being used for detecting the voltage and the temperature of the power supply device, the flexible circuit board 3 is provided with the number information corresponding to the accommodating cavity 11 or the battery unit 2 in the accommodating cavity 11, and when the thermal runaway of the battery unit 2 is monitored, the number signal can be multiplexed. This embodiment is advantageous in reducing the cost of the power supply.

The power supply device includes a controller connected to the flexible circuit board 3. Specifically, the controller is connected to the metal layer of the flexible circuit board 3, so that the controller can receive a signal of circuit disconnection when the metal layer of the first region 31 is disconnected. When the controller detects that the first region 31 of the flexible circuit board 3 is disconnected from the circuit, the controller judges that the battery unit 2 of the power supply device is out of control from heat, and at this time, the controller can control the battery corresponding to the first region 31 disconnected from the circuit to stop working.

In one embodiment, the power supply device may include a battery management unit (battery management unit, BMU), and the battery management unit may serve as a controller in an embodiment of the present utility model.

For timely handling of the thermal runaway battery unit 2, the controller is also connected to the fire module when the controller detects that the first area 31 of the flexible circuit board 3 is disconnected. The controller can be used for controlling the fire-fighting module to start, and the fire-fighting module can timely extinguish the fire of the battery unit 2 with thermal runaway so as to reduce the explosion or fire of the power supply device. The fire-fighting device is used for containing the fire-fighting agent, and when the fire needs to be extinguished, the fire-fighting agent can be sprayed out to extinguish the fire.

In a specific embodiment, the fire protection module may be a part of the power supply device, or may be a module other than the power supply device. In addition, the fire-fighting modules can be in one-to-one correspondence with the battery units 2, so that when a certain battery unit 2 is out of control, the corresponding fire-fighting module is started.

The present utility model is not limited to the type of the power supply device, and in one embodiment, the power supply device may be a battery module, and the battery unit 2 is a battery. The battery module may be formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series or in parallel. In some embodiments, the above-described battery module may also be referred to as a battery pack or a battery box.

In another embodiment, the power supply device is a battery, and the battery unit 2 is a battery core. The battery can be formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series or in parallel.

The specific type of the above battery is not limited, and may be, for example, a lithium ion battery, a lead acid battery, a sodium battery, a magnesium battery, an aluminum battery, a potassium battery, and the like.

Based on the same conception, the utility model also provides an energy storage system which comprises a power converter and the power supply device in any embodiment. The power converter is electrically connected with the power supply device and is used for converting the current input into the power supply device; alternatively, the power converter may be used to convert a current output from a power supply device; alternatively, the power converter may be used to convert a current input to the power supply device and to convert a current output from the power supply device. The gas sensor in the energy storage system can timely monitor leakage of the fire suppression device, ensure fire extinguishing capability of the fire suppression module, improve safety of the power supply device and improve safety of the energy storage system.

In alternative embodiments, the energy storage system includes a power distribution cabinet, a power exchange cabinet, or a vehicle-mounted device, which are not listed here.

The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present utility model, but the scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about variations or substitutions within the technical scope of the present utility model, and the utility model should be covered. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (16)

1. The utility model provides a power supply unit which characterized in that includes casing, battery cell and flexible circuit board, wherein:

the shell comprises a containing cavity, the battery unit is arranged in the containing cavity, the shell is provided with a valve port communicated with the containing cavity, and the valve port is connected with a valve;

the flexible circuit board is arranged on the shell, the flexible circuit board comprises a first area and a second area, the metal layer of the first area is electrically connected with the metal layer of the second area, the thickness of the first area is smaller than that of the second area, and the first area covers the valve.

2. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the metal layer of the first region is a wire or a sheet metal.

3. The power supply of claim 2, wherein the metal layer of the first region is a metal wire having a cross-sectional area of less than or equal to 0.08 square millimeters.

4. The power supply of claim 2, wherein the metal layer of the first region is a metal sheet having a width less than or equal to half the width of the valve.

5. The power supply device of claim 2 or 4, wherein the metal layer of the first region is a metal sheet having a thickness of less than or equal to 0.05 mm.

6. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first region is provided between two of the second regions, the metal layer of the first region is a metal member, and both ends of the metal member are welded to the adjacent second regions, respectively.

7. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first region and the second region are of unitary construction.

8. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the metal layer of the first region and the metal layer of the second region form a circuit pattern.

9. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the housing includes a plurality of the accommodation chambers and a plurality of the battery cells, the battery cells being provided in each of the accommodation chambers; the flexible circuit board comprises a plurality of first areas; the valve of each of the housings is covered with at least one of the first areas.

10. The power supply of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the flexible circuit board is further adapted to monitor the voltage and temperature of the power supply.

11. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a controller connected to the flexible circuit board, the controller being configured to control the battery corresponding to the first area of circuit disconnection to stop operation when the controller detects that the first area of the flexible circuit board is electrically disconnected.

12. The power supply of claim 11, wherein the controller is further coupled to a fire module; when the controller detects that the first area circuit of the flexible circuit board is disconnected, the controller is used for controlling the starting of the fire-fighting module.

13. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the power supply device is a battery module, and the battery unit is a battery.

14. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the power supply device is a battery, and the battery unit is a cell.

15. An energy storage system comprising a power converter and a power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the power converter being arranged to convert current input to the power supply device and/or to convert current output from the power supply device.

16. The energy storage system of claim 15, wherein the energy storage system comprises a power distribution cabinet, a battery exchange cabinet, or an on-board device.