CN219591648U

CN219591648U - Ultra-wideband antenna based on fractal structure

Info

Publication number: CN219591648U
Application number: CN202223328366.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 池静然; 肖遥; 郭晓娟
Original assignee: Sunway Communication Beijing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sunway Communication Beijing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-12
Filing date: 2022-12-12
Publication date: 2023-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-12

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ultra-wideband antenna based on a fractal structure, which comprises a medium substrate, and a feeder line, a radiation patch and a grounding piece which are respectively arranged on the top surface of the medium substrate, wherein the feeder line is connected with the radiation patch; the structural unit comprises a first operation pattern and a second operation pattern, wherein the first operation pattern is of a first elliptic structure, and the second operation pattern is of a second elliptic structureThe operation pattern is reduced to 0.8 times of the first operation pattern and rotatedA second elliptical structure formed later; in the first-order pattern structure, the area where the first operation pattern is not overlapped with the second operation pattern is hollowed out. The ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure can cover 2.4GHz-16GHz, and the coverage of a wider frequency band is realized.

Description

Ultra-wideband antenna based on fractal structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband antenna based on a fractal structure.

Background

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a new type of short-range high-rate wireless communication technology that is currently of great interest. In 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued an ultra-wideband wireless communications band with a bandwidth standard of 7.5GHz covering a frequency range of 3.1GHz-10.6GHz, and ultra-wideband radio technologies have been under considerable research in industry and academic terms. Compared with other traditional wireless communication technologies, the UWB has the technical characteristics of high transmission rate, short communication distance, low average transmitting power, good concealment, difficult interception, high confidentiality, extremely high multipath resolution, suitability for portable application and the like.

The fractal structure is a method for effectively expanding the bandwidth of the antenna and reducing the size of the antenna, and is also a method for effectively realizing ultra-wideband. Because the fractal structure has self-similar characteristics, the parameters in the fractal structure are adjusted to draw the resonance points of multiple frequencies to each other, so that the broadband characteristic of the antenna is realized. Secondly, since the fractal structure has a space filling property, the antenna has a miniaturized property. Therefore, the fractal antenna technology greatly promotes the development and application of the ultra-wideband antenna technology.

Coverage of the fractal ultra-wideband antenna is closely related to the specific structure of the fractal ultra-wideband antenna, for example, chinese patent application with the application number of 201410586712.6 discloses a fractal ultra-wideband antenna, and although the working frequency band of the fractal ultra-wideband antenna is 2.2GHz-10.2GHz, the coverage of the fractal ultra-wideband antenna is preliminarily realized, and further improvement space exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems solved by the utility model are as follows: the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure can cover the frequency band of 2.4GHz-16 GHz.

In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the technologyThe scheme is as follows: the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure comprises a medium substrate, and a feeder line, a radiation patch and a grounding piece which are respectively arranged on the top surface of the medium substrate, wherein the feeder line is connected with the radiation patch, the grounding piece is respectively arranged on two sides of the feeder line, the middle part of the radiation patch is provided with a flower-shaped fractal structure, the fractal structure comprises a first-order pattern structure, the first-order pattern structure comprises n structural units uniformly distributed around the same central axis, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the structural unit comprises a first operation pattern and a second operation pattern, wherein the first operation pattern is of a first elliptic structure, and the second operation pattern is reduced to 0.8 times of the first operation pattern and rotatesA second elliptical structure formed later; in the first-order pattern structure, the area where the first operation pattern is not overlapped with the second operation pattern is hollowed out.

Further, the outer contour of the radiation patch is circular.

Further, the radius of the radiating patch is 10.6mm.

Further, n is 3.

Further, the fractal structure further comprises a second-order pattern structure, wherein the second-order pattern structure is formed by shrinking the first-order pattern structure by 0.6 times, and the center of the second-order pattern structure is concentric with the center of the first-order pattern structure.

Further, the major axis of the first elliptical structure is 16mm, and the minor axis is 8mm.

Further, the dielectric substrate had a dielectric constant of 3.66 and an electric loss tangent of 0.004.

Further, the feeder is rectangular, the length of the feeder is 5.35mm, and the length of the feeder is 0.44mm.

Further, the grounding plate is rectangular, and the length of the grounding plate is 14.73mm and the width of the grounding plate is 5.25mm.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure increases the electrical length of the antenna by utilizing the space filling property of the fractal geometric structure, so that the antenna can realize larger effective path length of current in a limited space, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. And the design of the antenna appearance structure is combined with bionics, so that the design requirement is met in performance, and the development of science and technology is promoted from an artistic view. The ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure is a monopole antenna, a coplanar waveguide structure is used for feeding, and the antenna performance reaches the optimum after second-order fractal evolution is carried out.

The ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure has the advantages of small size and light weight, and the wideband coverage of 2.4GHz-16GHz is realized by the extremely small antenna size; the coplanar waveguide feed is used, so that the radiation loss is small, and the serial-parallel connection of other components is easy to realize; simple structure, the production of being convenient for.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to a first embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 2 is a top view of an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to a first embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 3 is a top view of an ultra-wideband antenna based on a fractal structure (when the fractal structure is a first-order fractal structure) according to another structure of the first embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 4 is a graph of RL curves of an ultra-wideband antenna based on a fractal structure at different orders according to a first embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 5 is a gain curve diagram of an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to a first embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 6 is a radiation pattern of an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to a first embodiment of the present utility model at 3.6 GHz;

fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to a first embodiment of the present utility model at 6.3 GHz;

fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to a first embodiment of the present utility model at 12.2 GHz;

fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to a first embodiment of the present utility model at 13.6 GHz.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. a dielectric substrate;

2. a feeder line;

3. a radiating patch; 31. a fractal structure; 311. a first operation pattern; 312. a second operation pattern; 313. a first hollow region; 314. a second hollow region;

4. and a grounding plate.

Detailed Description

The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present utility model, directional indications such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … … are referred to, and the directional indication is merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a specific posture such as that shown in the drawings, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.

In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

In addition, if the meaning of "and/or" is presented throughout this document to include three parallel schemes, taking "and/or" as an example, including a scheme, or a scheme that is satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.

In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, a first embodiment of the present utility model is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure comprises a dielectric substrate 1, and a feeder line 2, a radiation patch and a grounding plate 4 which are respectively arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, wherein the feeder line 2 is connected with the radiation patch 3, the grounding plate 4 is respectively arranged on two sides of the feeder line 2, and the middle part of the radiation patch 3 is provided with a flower-shaped fractal structure 31. In this embodiment, the outer contour of the radiation patch 3 is circular, and the power supply line 2 and the ground plate 4 are respectively rectangular.

As shown in fig. 3, the fractal structure 31 includes aThe first-order pattern structure comprises n structural units uniformly distributed around the same central axis, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the structural unit comprises a first operation pattern 311 and a second operation pattern 312, wherein the first operation pattern 311 is of a first elliptic structure, and the second operation pattern 312 is reduced to 0.8 times of the first operation pattern 311 and rotatedA second elliptical structure formed later; in the first-step pattern structure, the area of the first operation pattern 311, which is not overlapped with the second operation pattern 312, is hollowed out to form a first hollowed-out area 313. Through experimental simulation, the basic model of the outer contour of the radiation patch 3 is designed into a circular structure, and the fractal structure 31 is designed into a flower-like structure based on an elliptical structure, so that the effect of expanding the bandwidth can be achieved to a greater extent.

In this embodiment, n is 3, that is, any two adjacent structural units, where one structural unit is rotated by 60 ° at the center and then coincides with the other adjacent structural unit.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fractal structure 31 further includes a second-order pattern structure formed by shrinking the first-order pattern structure by 0.6 times, wherein the center of the second-order pattern structure is concentric with the center of the first-order pattern structure. It will be readily appreciated that the second-order grain-like structure is formed with a second hollowed-out region 314.

Through experimental simulation, the embodiment finally determines the second-order model as a final antenna model. If different performance requirements are met for the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure, the purposes of changing the electrical length and the current distribution can be achieved by changing the length of the long axis and the short axis of the first elliptical structure or increasing/decreasing the fractal order and the like, so that the performance of the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure is changed.

In this embodiment, the impedance of the radiation patch 3 and the grounding plate 4 is matched to be 50 ohms; the radius of the radiation patch 3 is 10.6mm; the major axis of the first elliptic structure is 16mm, and the minor axis is 8mm; the dielectric substrate 1 is Rogers RO4350 with the thickness of 30mm by 0.51mm, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 is 3.66, and the electric loss tangent value is 0.004; the length of the feeder line 2 is 5.35mm, and the length of the feeder line 2 is 0.44mm; the length of the grounding plate 4 is 14.73mm, the width of the grounding plate is 5.25mm, the length direction of the power feeding line 2 is the same as the width direction of the grounding plate 4, and a waveguide port is formed on the power feeding line 2 far away from the radiation patch 3.

Simulation tests are carried out on the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure, and test result diagrams shown in fig. 4 to 9 are obtained.

Fig. 4 is a RL graph of an ultra-wideband antenna based on a fractal structure at different orders, and it can be seen from an S-parameter curve that S11 of the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure is below a reference level of-10 dB at 2.4GHz-16GHz, so as to meet design requirements.

Fig. 5 is a gain graph of the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure according to the embodiment, and it can be seen from the graph that the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure according to the embodiment has higher gain, and the gain gradually increases with increasing frequency.

Fig. 6 is a radiation pattern at 3.6GHz for an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to an embodiment; fig. 7 is a radiation pattern at 6.3GHz for an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to an embodiment; fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna based on fractal structure at 12.2GHz according to an embodiment; fig. 9 is a radiation pattern at 13.6GHz for an ultra wideband antenna based on a fractal structure according to an embodiment; as can be seen from fig. 6 to 9, the ultra-wideband antenna based on the fractal structure of the present embodiment shows good omni-directional performance at low frequency, and generates side lobes at frequencies of 12.2GHz and 13.6GHz, but still has good omni-directionality.

The foregoing description is only of the optional embodiments of the present utility model, and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all the equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. Ultra-wideband antenna based on fractal structure, include the medium base plate and locate respectively feeder, radiation paster and the grounding piece of the top surface of medium base plate, the feeder is connected the radiation paster, the both sides of feeder have respectively the grounding piece, its characterized in that: the middle part of the radiation patch is provided with a flower-shaped fractal structure, the fractal structure comprises a first-order pattern structure, the first-order pattern structure comprises n structural units uniformly distributed around the same central axis, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the structural unit comprises a first operation pattern and a second operation pattern, wherein the first operation pattern is of a first elliptic structure, and the second operation pattern is reduced to 0.8 times of the first operation pattern and rotatesA second elliptical structure formed later; in the first-order pattern structure, the area where the first operation pattern is not overlapped with the second operation pattern is hollowed out.

2. The fractal structure based ultra-wideband antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the outer contour of the radiation patch is circular.

3. The fractal structure based ultra wideband antenna as recited in claim 2, wherein: the radius of the radiating patch is 10.6mm.

4. The fractal structure based ultra-wideband antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: and n is 3.

5. The fractal structure based ultra-wideband antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the fractal structure further comprises a second-order pattern structure which is formed by reducing the second-order pattern structure by 0.6 times according to the first-order pattern structure, wherein the center of the second-order pattern structure is concentric with the center of the first-order pattern structure.

6. The fractal structure based ultra-wideband antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the major axis of the first elliptical structure is 16mm, and the minor axis is 8mm.

7. The fractal structure based ultra-wideband antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the dielectric substrate had a dielectric constant of 3.66 and an electric loss tangent of 0.004.

8. The fractal structure based ultra-wideband antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the feeder is rectangular, the length of the feeder is 5.35mm, and the length of the feeder is 0.44mm.

9. The fractal structure based ultra-wideband antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the grounding plate is rectangular, and the length of the grounding plate is 14.73mm and the width of the grounding plate is 5.25mm.