CN219534558U - Solid battery current collector and solid battery - Google Patents
Solid battery current collector and solid battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN219534558U CN219534558U CN202223519901.0U CN202223519901U CN219534558U CN 219534558 U CN219534558 U CN 219534558U CN 202223519901 U CN202223519901 U CN 202223519901U CN 219534558 U CN219534558 U CN 219534558U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The utility model provides a solid battery current collector and a solid battery, and relates to the technical field of solid batteries, wherein the solid battery current collector comprises a mixed powder layer and an electrode active material layer, the mixed powder layer comprises metal particles and binder particles, the metal particles are mutually bridged in the mixed powder layer to form a continuous metal particle layer, the mixed powder layer is connected to the electrode active material layer through dry one-step forming, and the electrode active material layer is an anode active material layer or a cathode active material layer. The technical scheme solves the technical problems that the interface treatment mode of the solid battery is complex and short circuit is easy to occur between current collector layers in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of solid batteries, in particular to a solid battery current collector and a solid battery.
Background
A solid-state battery is a secondary battery based on a solid electrolyte and having both positive and negative electrodes of a solid material. The solid electrolyte plays a role in conducting ions and isolating electrons, and when the solid electrolyte is charged, the ions are separated from a crystal lattice of the positive electrode material and migrate to the negative electrode, and the electrons are transmitted to the negative electrode through an external circuit and are combined with the ions to form atoms at the negative electrode or are embedded into the negative electrode material. The solid electrolyte is used to construct an ion-conducting pathway and prevent direct contact between electrodes from causing a short circuit. The existing solid battery preparation technology is similar to the liquid electrolyte or semi-solid electrolyte lithium battery preparation technology, and is formed by laminating the solid electrolyte after positive and negative active substances are adhered to the surface of a copper foil or aluminum foil current collector through an adhesive layer. The method can be used for easily preparing the regular-shape solid lithium batteries in batches, such as columnar wound batteries, square wound batteries and square laminated batteries.
The solid battery positive electrode is formed by compounding a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode current collector, the negative electrode is formed by compounding a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode current collector, and the current collector mainly has the function of collecting and outputting current generated by a battery active material or inputting the current to the active material. The positive and negative current collectors should have sufficient contact with positive and negative active materials to form good interface properties and have good conductivity. The conductivity and binding capacity between the anode and cathode materials and the current collector affect the performance and service life of the solid battery.
In the process of realizing the technical scheme of the utility model, the following defects are found in the prior art:
1. when the copper foil or the aluminum foil is used as a current collector, special treatment is needed to be carried out on the surface of the current collector to achieve certain roughness, so that the smooth surface of the copper foil or the aluminum foil is prevented from being unfavorable for the adhesive to bond positive and negative active substances. For example, a common negative electrode copper foil has a single-sided roughened, double-sided roughened, surface roughened or the like form to improve the binding property of a negative electrode active material with a negative electrode current collector.
2. The copper foil or the aluminum foil is a continuous metal film with uniform thickness, when the battery is subjected to puncture, impact and extrusion, sharp edges generated by local damage of the copper foil or the aluminum foil are easier to penetrate through the electrolyte layer, so that short circuits occur among active material layers, current collector layers or between the active material layers and the current collector layers, and larger short circuit current is formed to cause local temperature to rapidly rise and even cause thermal runaway.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a solid battery current collector and a solid battery, which are used for solving the technical problems that the interface treatment mode of the solid battery is complex and short circuit is easy to occur between current collector layers in the prior art 。 The preferred technical solutions of the technical solutions provided by the present utility model can produce a plurality of technical effects described below.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present utility model provides a solid battery current collector, comprising a mixed powder layer and an electrode active material layer, wherein the mixed powder layer comprises metal particles and binder particles, the metal particles are bridged with each other in the mixed powder layer to form a continuous metal particle layer, the mixed powder layer is connected to the electrode active material layer through dry one-step molding, and the electrode active material layer is a positive electrode active material layer or a negative electrode active material layer.
Optionally, the metal particles are one or a mixture of copper, aluminum, nickel and stainless steel particles.
Optionally, the binder particles are hydrophobic binder particles and/or hydrophilic binder particles.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the metal particles to the binder particles is 15wt.% to 90wt.%.
Alternatively, the mixed powder layer is a mixed powder layer formed by applying a specific pressure and a specific current to a mixed powder of metal particles and binder particles for a specific period of time, thereby being bonded to the electrode active material layer.
Optionally, the specific pressure is 0.1 MPa-50 MPa, the specific current is 0.5A-150A, and the specific duration is 0.1 s-30 s.
On the other hand, the utility model provides a solid battery, which comprises the solid battery current collector, wherein the solid battery current collector comprises a positive electrode current collector I and a negative electrode current collector I, and the solid battery further comprises a solid electrolyte layer I, and the positive electrode current collector I, the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode current collector I are sequentially arranged.
Optionally, the positive electrode active material layer II, the solid electrolyte layer II, the negative electrode current collector II, the negative electrode active material layer II, the solid electrolyte layer III and the positive electrode current collector II are sequentially and repeatedly arranged on one side of the positive electrode current collector I according to set repetition times.
The technical scheme of the utility model can have the following beneficial effects:
according to the solid battery current collector and the solid battery, the mixed powder is connected to the electrode active material layer through dry one-step forming, so that complex treatment on the surface roughness of a current collector interface is avoided, metal particles form a continuous metal particle layer bridged among the metal particles in the mixed particle layer, the strength of the particle bridging position is lower than that of the metal particles, and once the battery is pierced and impacted, the metal particle bridging position with lower strength is broken firstly during extrusion, so that a sharp structure capable of piercing the electrolyte layer is avoided, and further interlayer short circuit or thermal runaway is prevented. Therefore, the technical scheme solves the technical problems that the interface treatment mode of the solid battery is complex and short circuit is easy to occur between current collector layers in the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solid state battery current collector according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid state battery current collector according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
In the figure: 1. a negative electrode current collector I; 11. mixing a powder layer I; 111. metal particles; 112. binder particles; 12. a negative electrode active material layer I; 2. a solid electrolyte layer I; 3. a positive electrode current collector I; 31. a positive electrode active material layer I; 32. mixing a powder layer II; 4. a positive electrode active material layer II; 5. a solid electrolyte layer II; 6. a negative electrode current collector II; 61. a negative electrode active material layer II; 62. mixing powder layer III; 7. a negative electrode active material layer III; 8. a solid electrolyte layer III; 9. a positive electrode current collector II; 91. a positive electrode active material layer III; 92. mixing powder layer IV.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the present utility model will be described in detail below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, based on the examples herein, which are within the scope of the utility model as defined by the claims, will be within the scope of the utility model as defined by the claims.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid state battery current collector according to an embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 1:
the utility model provides a solid battery current collector, which comprises a mixed powder layer 11 and an electrode active material layer 12, wherein the mixed powder layer 11 comprises metal particles 111 and binder particles 112, the metal particles 111 are mutually bridged in the mixed powder layer 11 to form a continuous metal particle layer, the mixed powder layer 11 is connected to the electrode active material layer 12 through dry one-step forming, and the electrode active material layer 12 is a positive electrode active material layer or a negative electrode active material layer.
The battery current collector is connected to the electrode active material layer by dry one-step forming of the mixed powder, so that complex treatment of interface surface roughness of the current collector is avoided, metal particles form continuous metal particle layers bridged among the metal particles in the mixed particle layer, the strength of the particle bridging position is lower than that of the metal particles, once the battery is pierced, impacted and extruded, the metal particle bridging position with lower strength is broken at first, a sharp structure capable of piercing the electrolyte layer is avoided, and interlayer short circuit or thermal runaway is further prevented.
As an alternative embodiment, the metal particles 111 are one or a mixture of a plurality of copper, aluminum, nickel and stainless steel particles.
Specifically, all metal particles which are known in the art to be used for the current collector, have good conductivity and do not chemically react with the battery material, may be used as the metal particles of the current collector in the present embodiment, such as copper particles, aluminum particles, nickel particles or stainless steel particles, or mixed particles of two or more thereof.
As an alternative embodiment, the binder particles 112 are hydrophobic binder particles and/or hydrophilic binder particles.
Specifically, the binder particles 112 may be particles of binders known in the art that are useful for solid batteries, such as hydrophobic binder particles, including polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, or mixtures thereof; hydrophilic binder particles including, for example, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, vinyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof; and a mixture of two or three of a hydrophobic binder and a hydrophilic binder.
As an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of the metal particles 111 to the binder particles 112 is 15wt.% to 90wt.%.
As an alternative embodiment, the mixed powder layer is a mixed powder layer formed by applying a specific pressure and a specific current to a mixed powder of metal particles and binder particles for a specific period of time, thereby being connected to the electrode active material layer.
As an alternative embodiment, the specific pressure is 0.1MPa to 50MPa, the specific current is 0.5A to 150A, and the specific time period is 0.1s to 30s.
The manufacturing method of the solid battery current collector specifically comprises the following steps:
mixing metal particles and binder particles in a dry powder state to form mixed powder;
forming a mixed powder layer 11 on the electrode active material layer by coating, spraying or knife coating the mixed powder;
and applying a specific pressure and a specific current between the mixed powder layer 11 and the electrode active material layer 12, and processing for a specific time period to obtain the solid battery current collector.
According to the method of the scheme, as shown in fig. 2, the mixed powder is coated, sprayed or knife coated on the electrode active material layer to form a mixed powder layer 11, and then the mixed powder layer is formed on the surface of the electrode active material layer by a dry method for one time, so that a continuous metal particle layer with a current collecting function is realized in the solid battery current collector through bridging among metal particles.
On the other hand, the utility model provides a solid battery, which comprises the solid battery current collector, wherein the solid battery current collector comprises a positive electrode current collector I3 and a negative electrode current collector I1, the solid battery further comprises a solid electrolyte layer I2, and the positive electrode current collector I3, the solid electrolyte layer 2 and the negative electrode current collector I1 are sequentially arranged.
As an alternative embodiment, the positive electrode current collector I3 side is sequentially repeated for a set number of times
The positive electrode active material layer II 4, the solid electrolyte layer II 5, the negative electrode current collector II 6, the negative electrode active material 5, the solid electrolyte layer III 8 and the positive electrode current collector II 9 are repeatedly arranged.
Specifically, the solid-state battery is provided with a positive electrode current collector layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode current collector layer; wherein the solid electrolyte layer may be an inorganic electrolyte powder, a polymer electrolyte powder or a composite inorganic-polymer electrolyte powder; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a solid-state battery using the current collector according to the present embodiment
Specifically, the figure is composed of 1 to n+1 solid-state battery cells 0 unit according to the number of repetitions 0 to n. The first solid-state battery unit comprises a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a negative electrode layer
The solid electrolyte layers are all in powder form. The positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector layer and a positive electrode active material powder layer except for a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer which are positioned on the outermost layer; the anode includes an anode current collector layer and an anode active material powder layer. The solid electrolyte layer in each unit of the solid battery can completely separate the positive electrode layer from the negative electrode layer.
The solid-state battery according to the present embodiment may have a customized shape as a whole, and the shape may be a combination of shapes formed by different numbers of solid-state battery cells.
The solid state battery can be pressurized or heated or both as needed to promote a tighter bond between the layers and even thermoplastic deformation of the polymer layers in the solid state battery.
The manufacturing method of the solid battery specifically comprises the following steps: 0 mixing metal particles and binder particles in a dry powder state to form mixed powder;
forming a mixed powder layer I11 on the anode active material layer I12 by adopting a coating, spraying or knife coating mode of the mixed powder;
applying a certain period of time between the mixed powder layer I11 and the anode active material layer I12
A negative current collector I1 is formed under a specific pressure and a specific current;
5, sequentially superposing a solid electrolyte layer I2 and a positive electrode active material layer I31 on one side of the negative electrode active material layer I12, and forming a mixed powder layer II 32 on the positive electrode active material layer I by adopting a coating, spraying or knife coating mode;
a specific pressure and a specific current are applied to the mixed powder layer ii 32 for a specific period of time to form a solid battery with a positive electrode current collector i 3 and a negative electrode current collector i 1.
As an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of:
sequentially stacking a positive electrode active material layer II 4, a solid electrolyte layer II 5 and a negative electrode active material layer II 61 on one side of the mixed powder layer II 3, and forming a mixed powder layer III 62 on the negative electrode active material layer II 61 by adopting a coating, spraying or knife coating mode;
applying a specific pressure and a specific current for a specific time period to the mixed powder layer III 62 to form a negative electrode current collector II 6;
sequentially stacking a negative electrode active material layer III 7, a solid electrolyte layer III 8 and a positive electrode active material layer III 91 on one side of the mixed powder layer III 62, and forming a mixed powder layer IV 92 on the positive electrode active material layer III by adopting a coating, spraying or knife coating mode;
applying a specific pressure and a specific current for a specific time period to the mixed powder layer IV 92 to form a positive electrode current collector II 9;
and circularly executing the steps according to the set repetition times.
Specifically, the current collector layer provided by the utility model is directly formed on the surface of the positive and negative electrode active material layer by a dry method at one time, and the positive and negative electrode active material layer is tightly combined with the current collector layer.
The solid battery layers are more tightly combined by the pressure of 0.1MPa to 50MPa and the current of 0.5A to 150A applied within the duration of 0.1s to 30s, and even the polymer layer in the solid battery is subjected to thermoplastic deformation.
The utility model provides a solid battery current collector, which is formed by mutually bridged continuous metal particle layers to play a role in conducting electricity and provide a current collecting function of the current collector in a solid battery; the dry-process one-step forming solid battery current collector is obtained by uniformly mixing metal particles and polymer binder particles in a dry powder state, forming a mixed powder layer with a certain thickness and a required shape in a coating, spraying or knife coating mode, wherein the mixed powder layer is subjected to a pressure of 0.1-50 MPa and a treatment for a period of 0.1-30 s under a current of 0.5-150A, and the binder particles are filled between a continuous metal particle layer and an electrode active substance to bond the two layers.
The continuous metal particle layer which plays a role in collecting current in the solid battery current collector is realized through bridging among metal particles. The strength of the bridging position of the particles is lower than that of the metal particles, once the battery is pierced and impacted, the bridging position of the metal particles with lower strength can be broken firstly during extrusion, so that a sharp structure capable of piercing the electrolyte layer is avoided, and further interlayer short circuit or thermal runaway is prevented.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The solid battery current collector is characterized by comprising a mixed powder layer and an electrode active material layer, wherein the mixed powder layer is a continuous metal particle layer formed by mutually bridging metal particles in the mixed powder layer containing binder particles, the mixed powder layer is connected to the electrode active material layer through dry one-step molding, and the electrode active material layer is a positive electrode active material layer or a negative electrode active material layer.
2. A solid battery, characterized by comprising the solid battery current collector according to claim 1, wherein the solid battery current collector comprises a positive electrode current collector i and a negative electrode current collector i, the solid battery further comprises a solid electrolyte layer i, and the positive electrode current collector i, the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode current collector i are sequentially arranged.
3. The solid state battery according to claim 2, wherein the positive electrode active material layer ii, the solid electrolyte layer ii, the negative electrode current collector ii, the negative electrode active material layer ii, the solid electrolyte layer iii, and the positive electrode current collector ii are repeatedly provided in this order at a set number of repetitions on the positive electrode current collector i side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223519901.0U CN219534558U (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Solid battery current collector and solid battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223519901.0U CN219534558U (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Solid battery current collector and solid battery |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN219534558U true CN219534558U (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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| CN202223519901.0U Active CN219534558U (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Solid battery current collector and solid battery |
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| CN (1) | CN219534558U (en) |
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- 2022-12-28 CN CN202223519901.0U patent/CN219534558U/en active Active
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