CN219503937U - Three-heat source composite welding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a three-heat source composite welding device, which is characterized in that a plasma welding torch, a laser welding head and a gas shielded welding gun which are arranged in a straight line are sequentially arranged in a welding torch from front to back along the welding advancing direction, a consumable electrode gas protection cover is arranged outside the gas shielded welding gun, and a gas protection cover which surrounds the whole of the plasma welding torch, the laser welding head and the gas shielded welding gun is also arranged, wherein the plasma welding torch, the laser welding head and the gas shielded welding gun are respectively in signal connection with control equipment with the same control program. The utility model uses the characteristics of different heat sources to enhance or make up the welding effect of other heat sources, realizes the one-time welding of the whole welding seam by backing welding, filling and walking, greatly improves the production efficiency and simplifies the operation procedures and the operation difficulty.

Description

Three-heat source composite welding device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a welding device, in particular to a three-heat-source compound welding device.

Background

The current composite welding technology for metals comprises the following steps: laser-arc (GMA) dual-heat source hybrid welding, plasma-arc (GMA) dual-heat source hybrid welding, laser-TIG (non-consumable electrode inert gas shielded arc) dual-heat source hybrid welding, and the like. Wherein the above-mentioned "arc" refers to "gas shielded welding", GMA welding. Taking laser-GMA as an example, laser-GMA (gas metal arc welding) includes two types of laser-MIG (consumable electrode inert gas arc welding) and laser-MAG (consumable electrode active gas arc welding), and the two welding methods have the same principle, but the shielding gas is different.

For metal weldments, for laser-arc dual-heat-source composite welding, the laser is used for continuously heating a molten pool formed by molten metal generated at a groove by an arc, so that energy of the laser is transmitted to a welded material through the molten pool formed by the composite heat source, and the deep-melting penetrating capacity of the laser is not utilized in the mode, namely, the single-pass welding capacity of the laser-arc composite welding is weakened. From the national standard: the content of page 12 in the "laser-arc composite welding recommended process method" GB/T37893-2019 can be seen that three welding procedures of backing, filling and covering are needed for the welding of high-strength steel with the thickness of 10 mm for example. That is, the laser-arc dual-heat source composite welding is mainly arc welding, and adopts a multi-layer and multi-pass welding mode as the auxiliary laser welding.

For plasma-electric arc (MIG) double-heat source hybrid welding, a welded groove can be quickly heated by utilizing a plasma electric arc emitted by a plasma welding torch, and meanwhile, the MIG is used for filling with large cladding quantity, so that the welding efficiency higher than that of conventional MIG welding can be obtained, the capability of welding a plate with a certain thickness in a single pass can be achieved, a 12-millimeter steel plate is welded in a single pass more typical manner, the welding input energy is lower, and better welding quality can be obtained. However, the process cannot accurately control the output energy to enable the back of the welding line to be just welded thoroughly and ensure the front of the welding line to be formed, so that backing welding is needed to be performed in advance or a liner is arranged on the back of the welding line to assist in completing the welding. For welding of many closed structures, the weld line pad cannot be arranged in the interior, or the pad cannot be taken out after welding, a backing welding procedure is required to be added, the production efficiency is reduced, and the use of the composite welding process is limited.

For example, when plasma-MIG composite welding is used in actual operation, plasma and MIG arc act in the same molten pool, so that one welding with metal plate thickness of 8-12 mm can be realized, the penetration capability during welding is formed by the combined action of the plasma arc and MIG arc, after the plate thickness is welded through by the composite arc, molten metal continues to leak out under the action of both arc thrust and self gravity, and the back forming of the weld cannot be accurately controlled, so that an auxiliary liner is required to be additionally arranged on the back of the weld according to requirements, and the auxiliary liner is used for supporting the molten metal flowing out of the back to cool and force the molten metal to form. For many components forming a closed space after welding, such as closed metal beams, pressure vessels, cabins and the like, and structures of parts with smaller volumes than human bodies, and the like, the process gaskets for welding cannot be arranged in the components before welding and taken out after welding, so that the efficient composite welding method is limited in many scenes and cannot be used. The prior common practice for solving the problem is that the primary backing welding is firstly carried out by manual or other automatic welding modes, the blunt-edge metal at the root of the weld groove is melted to form a closed weld bottom, and then the welding is carried out by adopting the compound welding method, so that the production efficiency is obviously reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a three-heat source composite welding device, which is characterized in that three welding heat sources are compositely acted in the same molten pool in a groove, so that the welding effect of other heat sources is mutually enhanced or compensated, the welding procedures are reduced, and the welding efficiency is improved.

The utility model relates to a three-heat source composite welding device, which is characterized in that a plasma welding torch, a laser welding head and a gas shielded welding gun which are arranged in a straight line are sequentially arranged in a welding torch from front to back along the welding advancing direction, a consumable electrode gas protection cover is arranged outside the gas shielded welding gun, and a gas protection cover which surrounds the whole of the plasma welding torch, the laser welding head and the gas shielded welding gun is also arranged, wherein the plasma welding torch, the laser welding head and the gas shielded welding gun are respectively in signal connection with control equipment with the same control program.

The control program according to the present utility model, which is not innovative to the present utility model, can be implemented according to the same or similar principles as those of the prior art by those skilled in the art.

When two adjacent weldments are welded, plasma arc welding, laser welding and gas protection welding are sequentially carried out on the same welding spot along the welding moving direction; the plasma arc welding heats the base materials of the weldments at two sides of the groove between the two weldments through the plasma arc, and after part of the base materials of the weldments are melted, a micro molten pool is formed at the bottom of the groove, and the micro molten pool is used for filling up the gap between the groove and the blunt edge and avoiding the subsequent laser beam from leaking out through the gap;

the laser welding is used for forming a closed groove bottom by melting the groove or the blunt edge through a laser beam; the laser beam acts on the micro-molten pool, and the micro-molten pool absorbs and transmits laser energy acted on the micro-molten pool; melting a groove or a blunt edge with a preset thickness by laser welding, and forming backing welding by utilizing the penetration capability of the laser welding;

and the gas shielded welding melts the welding piece base materials at two sides of the groove through a gas shielded welding arc, so that the melted welding wire and the melted welding piece base materials are filled with the groove and the blunt edge, and the welding is completed.

When three heat sources enter the starting point of the groove from the outside, the three heat sources are started in sequence and keep continuously working until the three heat sources move to the end point of the groove, and then stop in sequence. The utility model combines three different types of heat sources according to a specific sequence, and firstly utilizes the heating capacity of a plasma arc to enhance the absorptivity of a weldment material to laser energy and increase the penetration filling capacity of gas shielded welding; the high-density energy of the laser is utilized to increase the welding penetration, so that the welding penetration is larger than that of gas shielded welding or plasma arc, the effect of melting a blunt edge can be achieved, and the effect of backing welding is achieved; and finally, filling a groove gap by utilizing the capability of filling a molten weldment material in gas shielded welding, making up the defect of narrower laser welding area, obtaining a welding speed and penetration higher than those of single plasma welding, enabling a gas shielded welding arc to act on a groove which is heated by the plasma arc and is melted by a laser beam to form a bottom closed, and enabling a metal droplet melted by the gas shielded welding arc and a melted welding wire droplet to quickly fill the gap of the groove, so that the welding can be performed by using a larger welding current or welding wire melting speed, and thus, higher welding efficiency which cannot be realized by single gas shielded welding can be achieved. Tests show that the welding efficiency and penetration capability of the three heat sources after combination are superior to those of laser-arc hybrid welding or plasma-arc hybrid welding.

In addition, in the 10 th edition of the 52 nd volume of the journal 2022 of electric welding machine, there is a journal "Wanwawa laser-arc composite penetration welding forming defect research" (authors: jiang Bao, xu Fugu, yang Yicheng, nie Xin, song Yang, liu Kongfeng), which is described on page 17: "from the figure, the weld surface forming stability with laser-ahead was relatively poor, so the subsequent test still used the arc-ahead welding form. ". It follows that when laser and arc (i.e., GMA, gas metal arc) welding are applied simultaneously, it is believed that arc welding should be preceded and laser welding followed, otherwise the welding effect is poor. In the utility model, the laser welding is performed before and the arc welding is performed after, so that a welding effect superior to that of the prior art is obtained, and the utility model is an innovation of the technical prejudice in the prior art. Moreover, it can be seen from the conclusion of page 21 of the above publication that when a laser-arc hybrid welding method is used for single-sided welding and double-sided forming of 20mm thick low carbon steel, the welding cannot meet the required process requirements due to various reasons described. In addition, in the field, a multi-layer multi-pass welding mode is adopted for welding the medium plate, and the three-heat-source compound welding mode is adopted for carrying out matching adjustment and setting on various parameters of three heat sources through testing, so that a plurality of technical difficulties in welding the medium plate are solved, the welding of an integral welding seam is completed through backing welding, filling and walking at one time, and the welding efficiency is greatly improved.

The three types of heat source equipment are integrated in one welding torch according to the arrangement, and the respective characteristics of different heat sources are utilized to enhance or compensate the welding effect of other heat sources, so that the aims of better welding efficiency and penetration capability than those of laser-arc hybrid welding and plasma-MIG hybrid welding are achieved, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the welding flow is simplified.

A preferred structure is that the position relationship among the plasma welding torch, the laser welding head and the gas shielded welding torch is as follows: the height difference from the end face of the arc nozzle of the gas shielded welding gun to the end face of the nozzle of the plasma welding torch is 0-10 mm; the distance between the center line of the plasma arc emitted by the plasma welding torch and the laser beam emitted by the laser welding head at the surface of the weldment is 8-20 mm, and the distance between the center line of the laser beam emitted by the laser welding head and the center line of the gas shielded arc emitted by the gas shielded welding gun at the blunt edge of the weldment is 0-6 mm. The position between the corresponding three heat source devices is determined by the position of the emitted heat source on the weldment.

On the other hand, a galvanometer structure capable of oscillating the galvanometer is provided in the laser welding head. Therefore, according to the conditions of different weldments, grooves and the like, in the laser welding process, the vibrating mirror structure is controlled according to the requirements, so that the laser beam swings in the plane after being reflected by the vibrating mirror, for example: yaw, circular pendulum, triangular pendulum, etc.

On the basis, the vibrating mirror structure comprises a limiting structure for controlling the swinging amplitude of the vibrating mirror from a starting point to be less than or equal to 5 mm.

The beneficial effects of the utility model include:

1. three different heat sources are acted in one molten pool in a three-heat source welding mode, the respective characteristics of the different heat sources are utilized to enhance or make up the welding effect of other heat sources, a plurality of technical difficulties in welding of a medium plate are solved, the welding of an integral welding seam is completed through backing welding, filling and walking at one time, the welding procedures are obviously reduced, and the welding efficiency is greatly improved.

2. The speed consistency of welding of three heat sources is ensured, and the final welding quality is ensured.

3. The vibrating mirror swings, so that the device can adapt to various welding pieces, grooves and other conditions.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an external view schematically showing an apparatus for three-heat source hybrid welding according to the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the working state of fig. 1.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1-a plasma torch; 11-plasma arc; 2-a laser welding head; 21-a laser beam; 3-gas shielded welding gun; 31-welding wire; 32-a consumable electrode gas shield; 4-weldment; 41-blunt; 42-groove; 5-gas shield.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the utility model, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the three-heat source hybrid welding device of the present utility model is provided with a plasma torch 1, a laser welding head 2 and a gas shielded welding gun 3 which are arranged in a straight line in the direction of welding travel (the welding direction shown in fig. 2) from front to back in one welding torch. The gas shielded welding torch 3 is externally provided with a consumable electrode gas shield 32, and is further provided with a gas shield 5 for enclosing the whole of the plasma torch 1, the laser welding head 2 and the gas shielded welding torch 3. The consumable electrode gas shield 32 is used to shield the molten pool formed under the MIG gas shielded welding arc, and the gas shield 5 is used to shield the entire molten pool formed by the plasma arc 11, the laser beam 21 and the MIG gas shielded arc, as well as the formed weld surface. The plasma welding torch 1, the laser welding head 2 and the gas shielded welding gun 3 are respectively connected with a control device which is internally provided with the same control program in a signal manner, and the working states of the plasma welding torch 1, the laser welding head 2 and the gas shielded welding gun 3 are controlled through the control program.

The control program according to the present utility model, which is not innovative to the present utility model, can be implemented according to the same or similar principles as those of the prior art by those skilled in the art.

The three types of heat source equipment are integrated in one welding torch according to the arrangement, and the respective characteristics of different heat sources are utilized to enhance or compensate the welding effect of other heat sources, so that the aims of better welding efficiency and penetration capability than those of laser-arc hybrid welding and plasma-MIG hybrid welding are achieved.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, when three-heat source composite welding is performed on two adjacent weldments 4, plasma arc welding, laser welding and gas shielded welding are correspondingly performed on the same welding spot sequentially through a plasma welding torch 1, a laser welding head 2 and a gas shielded welding gun 3 along the welding direction shown in fig. 2; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,

the plasma arc welding heats the base materials of the weldments 4 at two sides of the groove 42 between the two weldments 4 through the plasma arc 11, and forms a micro molten pool at the bottom of the groove 42 after melting part of the base materials of the weldments, and the micro molten pool has the function of filling up the gap of the groove 42 or the gap between the blunt edges 41 and avoiding the subsequent laser beam from leaking out through the gap;

the laser welding is performed by melting the groove 42 or the blunt edge 41 through the laser beam 21 to form a closed groove 42 bottom; the laser beam 21 acts on said micro-bath, which absorbs and transmits the laser energy acting on it; melting a groove 42 or a blunt edge 41 with a preset thickness by laser welding, and forming backing welding by utilizing the penetration capability of the laser welding;

in the embodiment, MIG (metal inert gas welding) is adopted for welding, and a welding wire 31 is disposed on the end face of the end of the gas shielded welding gun 3. And melting the base materials of the weldments 4 at the two sides of the groove 42 by using an MIG gas shielded welding arc, and filling the groove 42 and the blunt edge 41 with the melted welding wire and the melted base materials of the weldments 4 to finish welding.

When three heat sources enter the starting point of the groove 42 from the outside, the three heat sources are started in sequence and keep continuously working until the three heat sources move to the end point of the groove 42 and then stop in sequence. The utility model firstly utilizes the heating capacity of the plasma arc 11 to enhance the absorptivity of the weldment 4 material to laser energy and increase the penetration filling capacity of MIG welding; the high density energy of the laser beam 21 is utilized to increase the penetration of welding, realize larger penetration than MIG welding or plasma arc welding, and can finish the function of melting the blunt edge 41, thereby realizing the function of backing welding; finally, the gap of the groove 42 is filled by utilizing the capability of filling and melting the weldment material of MIG welding, the defect that the laser welding area is narrower is overcome, the welding speed and penetration are faster than those of single plasma welding, the MIG gas shielded welding arc acts on the groove 42 and/or the blunt edge 41 which are heated by the plasma arc 11 and melted by the laser beam 21 to form a bottom closed, and the gaps of the groove 42 and/or the blunt edge 41 can be quickly filled by the molten metal droplets of the MIG gas shielded welding arc and the molten welding wire 31 droplets, so that the welding can be performed by using larger welding current or welding wire melting speed, and the higher welding efficiency which cannot be realized by single gas shielded welding can be achieved.

The nozzle projections of the plasma torch 1, the laser welding head 2 and the gas shielded welding torch 3 are distributed along a straight line, and during welding, three heat source devices travel at the same welding speed, and the plasma arc 11, the laser beam 21 and the MIG gas shielded welding arc all act in the same molten pool. Therefore, consistency of welding speed can be guaranteed, respective advantages of the three heat sources are fully utilized, and final welding quality and efficiency are guaranteed.

The following is a comparative description by means of measured data, as shown in table 1:

and (3) welding a 20mm thick steel plate, and forming the two surfaces of the steel plate by single-sided welding without using a backing plate on the back surface.

Table 1:

as is clear from Table 1, according to the apparatus of the present utility model and the above test data, the single-sided welding and double-sided molding can be completed for a 20mm thick steel plate by only one-pass welding without using a backing plate on the back side. In the journal of electric welder 2022, volume 52, 10, and the conclusion of page 21 in the journal of "Wanwaw-level laser-electric arc composite penetration welding forming defect research" is that when the laser-electric arc composite welding method is adopted to perform single-sided welding and double-sided forming of low-carbon steel with the thickness of 20mm, the welding cannot meet the required technological requirements due to various reasons described in the journal.

It can be seen that the present utility model has significantly outstanding substantial features and significant advances in the art.

Therefore, after the matching adjustment and the setting of various parameters of the three heat sources are carried out, the welding efficiency and the penetration ability of the three heat sources after the combination are superior to those of the laser-arc combined welding or the plasma-arc combined welding. Meanwhile, the utility model also overcomes the technical prejudice that the laser welding is carried out before and the arc welding is carried out after in the prior art. The utility model solves a plurality of technical difficulties in welding the medium plate by a three-heat source welding mode, and realizes the one-time completion of welding of an integral welding line by backing welding, filling and walking.

Example 2:

on the basis of example 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, at the time of welding, the distance from the nozzle end face of the plasma torch 1 to the surface of the weldment 4 is 0 to 8 mm, the focal point of the laser beam 21 of the laser welding head 2 is located 0 to 20mm below the surface of the weldment 4, and the height difference from the end face of the arc nozzle of the gas shielded welding gun 3 to the nozzle end face of the plasma torch 1 is 0 to 10 mm; the centre line of the plasma arc 11 is spaced 8-20 mm from the laser beam 21 at the surface of the weldment 4 and the centre line of the laser beam 21 to the MIG gas shield arc is spaced 0-6 mm from the blunt edge 41.

Example 3:

on the basis of the above embodiment, a galvanometer structure capable of oscillating a galvanometer is provided in the laser welding head 2, and a limit structure for controlling the oscillation amplitude of the galvanometer from a start point to be less than or equal to 5 mm is included in the galvanometer structure. In the process of performing laser welding, the galvanometer structure can be controlled according to different conditions of the weldment 4, the groove 42 and the like, so that the laser beam swings in a plane after being reflected by the galvanometer, for example: yaw, circular pendulum, triangular pendulum, etc. The amplitude of the limit swing from the starting point is usually less than or equal to 5 mm, and the swing frequency is 10-1000 Hz. This facilitates melting of blunt edge 41 and completes the formation of the bottom of groove 42.

Example 4:

on the basis of the embodiment, the working current of the plasma welding torch 1 is controlled to be 50-400A, the energy of the laser beam 21 of the laser welding head 2 is controlled to be 1-12 kW, and the working current of the gas shielded welding gun 3 is controlled to be 50-800A according to different requirements.

The above examples merely illustrate specific embodiments of the utility model, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make related modifications and improvements without departing from the technical idea of the utility model, which fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (4)

1. Three heat source compound welding's device, characterized by: a plasma welding torch (1), a laser welding head (2) and a gas shielded welding gun (3) which are arranged in a straight line are sequentially arranged in a welding torch from front to back along the welding advancing direction, a consumable electrode gas protection cover (32) is arranged outside the gas shielded welding gun (3), a gas protection cover (5) which integrally encloses the plasma welding torch (1), the laser welding head (2) and the gas shielded welding gun (3) is also arranged, and the plasma welding torch (1), the laser welding head (2) and the gas shielded welding gun (3) are respectively connected with control equipment with the same control program in a signal mode.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the position relation among the plasma welding torch (1), the laser welding head (2) and the gas shielded welding gun (3) is as follows: the height difference from the end face of the arc nozzle of the gas shielded welding gun (3) to the end face of the nozzle of the plasma torch (1) is 0-10 mm; the distance between the center line of the plasma arc (11) emitted by the plasma welding torch (1) and the laser beam (21) emitted by the laser welding head (2) at the surface of the weldment (4) is 8-20 mm, and the distance between the center line of the laser beam (21) emitted by the laser welding head (2) and the center line of the gas shielded arc emitted by the gas shielded welding gun (3) at the blunt edge (41) of the weldment (4) is 0-6 mm.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a galvanometer structure capable of oscillating the galvanometer is arranged in the laser welding head (2).

4. A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the vibrating mirror structure comprises a limiting structure for controlling the swinging amplitude of the vibrating mirror from a starting point to be less than or equal to 5 mm.