CN219444456U

CN219444456U - Machine tool cutter vibration frequency detection device

Info

Publication number: CN219444456U
Application number: CN202320934891.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 颜丹丹; 马旭东; 高文墙; 廖方圆; 梁法辉; 潘远安
Original assignee: Changchun Automobile Industry Institute
Current assignee: Changchun Automobile Industry Institute
Priority date: 2023-04-24
Filing date: 2023-04-24
Publication date: 2023-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-24

Abstract

The application discloses a machine tool cutter vibration frequency detection device, which comprises a cutter mounting seat, wherein the cutter mounting seat is connected with a measuring bracket; the cutter mounting seat is connected with a cutter assembly, the cutter assembly comprises a cutter handle, the cutter handle is connected with a nut, the nut is connected with a clamping cylinder, and the clamping cylinder holds a cutter; the measuring bracket is arranged around the cutter combination; the cutter comprises a cutter bar and a cutter edge, and the cutter bar is provided with a flange made of metal; the measuring bracket is provided with a metal plate close to the flange, a gap is arranged between the metal plate and the flange, and the width of the gap is in a set numerical range; the metal plate is communicated with a circuit, and the other end of the circuit is communicated with the cutter mounting seat, so that the metal plate and the flange form a capacitor with one end grounded. The beneficial effect of this scheme can learn according to the description to above-mentioned scheme, simple structure, reasonable in design detects through the vibrations frequency to the cutter to learn the cutter and accomplish the damage nature state, not only reached the purpose of instant detection, alleviateed personnel's intensity of labour moreover.

Description

Machine tool cutter vibration frequency detection device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of machine tool detection, in particular to a machine tool cutter vibration frequency detection device.

Background

The high-end numerical control cutter is mainly applied to the high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace, national defense and military industry, nuclear industry, automobiles and ships and the like, the current numerical control machining industry adopts a common cutter handle through market investigation and statistics, cutting tools made of corresponding materials are customized according to parts made of different materials, manual detection is adopted in machining, and when parts are machined at high strength, the problem that the cutter is damaged cannot be found in time due to manual detection, so that the service life of the cutter handle is shortened, and the machining quality of the whole workpiece is affected. At present, the detection of the cutter in the domestic and foreign numerical control machining mainly comprises the following steps:

1. direct measurement method

Direct measurement can identify edge appearance, surface quality, or geometric changes, and can generally only be performed without cutting. The device has two obvious defects that firstly, the device requires shutdown detection and occupies production time; and secondly, the sudden damage of the cutter in the processing process cannot be detected, so that the application of the cutter is limited.

2. Cutter workpiece spacing measurement method

Along with the abrasion of the cutter in the cutting process, the distance between the cutter and the workpiece is reduced, and the distance can be measured by an electronic micrometer, an ultrasonic measuring instrument, a pneumatic measuring instrument, an inductance displacement sensor and the like. However, the sensitivity of this method is susceptible to factors such as workpiece surface temperature, surface quality, coolant and workpiece size, and thus its application is limited.

3. Radiometric method

The radioactive material is incorporated into the tool material and as the tool wears, the radioactive material particles pass along with the cuttings through a pre-designed radiometer. The measured quantity in the ray measurer is closely related to the cutter abrasion quantity, and the magnitude of the ray dose reflects the magnitude of the cutter abrasion quantity. The method has the biggest weakness that radioactive substances have great pollution to the environment and are very unfavorable to human health. Further, although this method can measure the wear amount of the tool, the state of the cutting edge of the tool cannot be accurately measured. Therefore, the method is only suitable for some special occasions and is not suitable for wide application.

4. Microstructure plating method

And combining the microstructure conductive coating with the wear-resistant protective layer of the cutter. The resistance of the microstructure conductive coating changes along with the change of the wear state of the cutter, and the larger the wear amount is, the smaller the resistance is. When the cutter is broken, excessively worn and the like, the resistance tends to zero. The method has the advantages of simple detection circuit and high detection precision, and can realize online detection. The defect is that the requirements on the microstructure conductive coating are very high, namely, the microstructure conductive coating has good wear resistance, high temperature resistance and impact resistance.

5. Optical measurement method

The principle of the optical measurement method is that the worn area has stronger light reflection capability than the unworn area, the greater the cutter wear, the greater the reflective area of the blade edge, and the greater the luminous flux detected by the sensor. The deformation caused by thermal stress and the cutter displacement caused by cutting force affect the detection result, so that the result well measured by the method is not real abrasion loss, but a relative value containing the factors, and the method has better effect when the cutter diameter is larger.

6. Discharge current measurement method

The high voltage is applied between the cutting tool and the sensor and the amount of (arc discharge) current flowing in the measuring circuit is dependent on the distance He Xingzhuang of the cutting edge (i.e., the distance between the tip and the discharge electrode). The method has the advantages that on-line detection can be carried out to detect the change of the geometric dimensions of the cutters such as tooth breakage, cutter breakage and the like, but the geometric dimensions of the cutting edge cannot be accurately measured.

For domestic, the numerical control machining industry adopts the common cutter handle, the cutting tools made of corresponding materials are customized according to parts made of different materials, the average service life of the common cutter handle is 5-6 years, the numerical control machining is manually detected, the requirements for human detection are extremely high, when the parts are machined at high strength, the abrasion and ageing of equipment can be accelerated, and the physical fatigue and mental imbalance of operation management staff can be caused, so that the quality, timeliness and effectiveness of management and control are reduced. Thereby shortening the service life of the cutter handle and influencing the processing quality of the whole workpiece.

However, the above detection method is either performed after stopping the vehicle, or the mechanism is bulky and the equipment is expensive. It is therefore an urgent need to provide a detection device that can be detected immediately in production and is simple in equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at the defects existing in the prior art, and provides the machine tool cutter vibration frequency detection device which is simple in structure and reasonable in design, and the vibration frequency of the cutter is detected, so that the damage state of the cutter is known, the purpose of instant detection is achieved, and the labor intensity of personnel is relieved.

In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides a machine tool cutter vibration frequency detection device, comprising a cutter mounting seat, wherein the cutter mounting seat is connected with a measuring bracket;

the tool mounting seat is connected with a tool combination, the tool combination comprises a tool handle, the tool handle is connected with a nut, the nut is connected with a clamping cylinder, and the clamping cylinder holds a tool;

the measuring bracket is arranged around the cutter combination;

the cutter comprises a cutter bar and a cutter edge, wherein the cutter bar is provided with a flange made of metal;

the measuring bracket is provided with a metal plate close to the flange, a gap is arranged between the metal plate and the flange, and the width of the gap is in a set numerical range;

the metal plate is communicated with a circuit, and the other end of the circuit is communicated with the cutter mounting seat, so that the metal plate and the flange form a capacitor with one end grounded.

Further, the capacitor is communicated with a measuring mechanism, and the measuring mechanism is arranged by adopting a capacitor microphone circuit.

Further, in the rest state of the tool, the width of the gap is greater than 100um.

Further, the measurement bracket comprises a first component connected with the tool mounting seat;

the first component is connected with a second component, and the second component is connected with a third component;

the first component and the third component are made of hard polymer materials, and the second component is made of metal materials;

the third member is provided with the metal plate.

Further, the first part comprises a first cylinder, and a flange structure is arranged at the connection part of the first cylinder and the cutter mounting seat.

Further, the second component comprises a second cylinder, and a convex edge is arranged at the middle section outside the second cylinder.

Further, the third component comprises a third cylinder, one end of the third cylinder is connected with the second component, a crescent supporting plate is arranged at the other end of the third cylinder, and the metal plate is arranged at the end of the crescent supporting plate.

Further, the third part is provided with two metal plates, and the perpendicular lines from the centers of the two metal plates to the axis of the cutter form a right angle;

one end of a crescent-shaped supporting plate provided with two metal plates is overlapped.

Further, the third component is provided with a weight balance block at a position outside the crescent-shaped supporting plate.

Further, the first component is provided with a first lead, one end of the first lead is connected with the second component, and the other end of the first lead is connected with the measuring mechanism;

the third component is provided with a second wire, one end of the second wire is connected with the metal plate, and the other end of the second wire is connected with the second component.

In long-term production practice, the applicant finds that the loss degree of the cutter influences the vibration frequency of the cutter, so that the applicant decides to solve the problem of quality caused by the cutter in real numerical control machining, and proposes an automatic detection scheme to replace the defect of manual detection. On the basis of realizing normal work of the cutter, a device for measuring the vibration frequency of the cutter is arranged, and data analysis is carried out on the vibration frequency of the cutter during numerical control machining, so that the damage of the cutter is known.

The vibration frequency of the machine tool often has hundreds of kilohertz, and the amplitude of the vibration of the machine tool is not more than 100um in a normal working state, so the applicant adopts the principle of a condenser microphone to measure the frequency of the machine tool.

In actual work, the two metal plates are electrified in a staggered mode and are detected, so that mutual interference of capacitors formed by the two metal plates is formed on the surfaces of the two metal plates, and 360-degree dead angle-free detection of the cutter on the vertical plane of the axis of the cutter is realized through orthogonal arrangement.

The beneficial effect of this scheme can learn according to the description to above-mentioned scheme, simple structure, reasonable in design detects through the vibrations frequency to the cutter to learn the cutter and accomplish the damage nature state, not only reached the purpose of instant detection, alleviateed personnel's intensity of labour moreover.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;

in the figure, 1, a cutter mounting seat; 2. measuring a bracket; 3. a knife handle; 4. a screw cap; 5. a clamping cylinder; 6. a cutter; 7. a flange; 8. a metal plate; 9. a first component; 10. a second component; 11. a third component; 12. a rib; 13. a support plate; 14. a weight balance; 15. a first wire; 16. and a second wire.

Detailed Description

In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of the scheme, the scheme is explained below through a specific embodiment.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment is a machine tool cutter vibration frequency detection device, including a cutter mount 1, the cutter mount 1 being connected with a measuring bracket 2;

the tool mounting seat 1 is connected with a tool assembly, the tool assembly comprises a tool shank 3, the tool shank 3 is connected with a nut 4, the nut 4 is connected with a clamping cylinder 5, and the clamping cylinder 5 clamps a tool 6;

the measuring bracket 2 is arranged around the cutter combination;

the cutter 6 comprises a cutter bar and a cutter edge, and the cutter bar is provided with a flange 7 made of metal;

the measuring bracket 2 is provided with a metal plate 8 close to the flange 7, a gap is arranged between the metal plate 8 and the flange 7, and the width of the gap is in a set numerical range;

the metal plate 8 is communicated with a circuit, and the other end of the circuit is communicated with the cutter mounting seat 1, so that the metal plate 8 and the flange 7 form a capacitor with one end grounded.

Further, in the rest state of the tool 6, the width of the gap is larger than 100um.

Further, the measuring bracket 2 comprises a first part 9, and the first part 9 is connected with the tool mounting seat 1;

the first part 9 is connected with a second part 10, and the second part 10 is connected with a third part 11;

the first part 9 and the third part 11 are made of hard polymer materials, and the second part 10 is made of metal materials;

the third part 11 is provided with a metal plate 8.

Further, the first part 9 comprises a first cylinder, and a flange structure is arranged at the connection part of the first cylinder and the tool mounting seat 1.

Further, the second member 10 includes a second cylinder, and a rib 12 is provided at an outer middle section of the second cylinder.

Further, the third component 11 comprises a third cylinder, one end of the third cylinder is connected with the second component 10, the other end of the third cylinder is provided with a crescent-shaped supporting plate 13, and the end part of the crescent-shaped supporting plate 13 is provided with a metal plate 8.

Further, the third member 11 is provided with two metal plates 8, and the perpendicular line from the center of the two metal plates 8 to the axis of the cutter 6 forms a right angle;

one end of a crescent-shaped supporting plate 13 on which the two metal plates 8 are mounted is overlapped.

Further, the third member 11 is provided with a weight 14 at a position outside the crescent-shaped supporting plate 13.

Further, the first component 9 is provided with a first lead 15, one end of the first lead 15 is connected with the second component 10, and the other end is connected with the measuring mechanism;

the third member 11 is provided with a second wire 16, one end of the second wire 16 being connected to the metal plate 8, and the other end of the second wire 16 being connected to the second member 10.

In long-term production practice, the applicant found that the degree of wear of the tool 6 affects the vibration frequency of the tool 6, and therefore decided to address the quality problem caused by the tool 6 in real numerical control machining, and to solve this problem, an automatic detection scheme was proposed to replace the defects of manual detection. On the basis of realizing normal operation of the cutter 6, a device for measuring the vibration frequency of the cutter 6 is arranged, and data analysis is carried out on the vibration frequency of the cutter 6 during numerical control machining, so that the damage of the cutter 6 is known.

The vibration frequency of the machine tool 6 is often hundreds of kilohertz and the amplitude of the vibration should not be more than 100um in normal operation, so the applicant uses the principle of a condenser microphone to measure the frequency.

In actual work, the two metal plates 8 are electrified in a staggered manner and are detected, so that mutual interference of capacitance formed by the two metal plates 8 is formed on the surfaces, and 360-degree dead angle-free detection of the cutter 6 on the vertical plane of the axis is realized through orthogonal arrangement.

The technical features of the present utility model that are not described in the present utility model can be realized by or are realized by the prior art, and the description is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The device for detecting the vibration frequency of the tool of the machine tool is characterized by comprising a tool mounting seat, wherein the tool mounting seat is connected with a measuring bracket;

the measuring bracket is arranged around the cutter combination;

2. A machine tool vibration frequency detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor is in communication with a measurement mechanism, the measurement mechanism being arranged with a capacitor microphone circuit.

3. The machine tool bit vibration frequency detection apparatus of claim 1 wherein the gap has a width greater than 100um in the at-rest state of the bit.

4. The machine tool bit vibration frequency detection apparatus of claim 2 wherein the measurement bracket includes a first member, the first member being coupled to the bit mount;

the third member is provided with the metal plate.

5. The machine tool bit vibration frequency sensing device of claim 4, wherein the first member comprises a first cylinder, and wherein a flange structure is provided at a location where the first cylinder is coupled to the bit mount.

6. The machine tool vibration frequency detecting device according to claim 4, wherein the second member comprises a second cylinder, and a convex edge is provided in a middle section outside the second cylinder.

7. The machine tool vibration frequency detecting device according to claim 4, wherein the third member includes a third cylinder having one end connected to the second member and the other end provided with a crescent-shaped support plate, and the crescent-shaped support plate has an end provided with the metal plate.

8. The machine tool vibration frequency detecting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the third member is provided with two of the metal plates, and a perpendicular line from a center of the two metal plates to an axis line of the tool forms a right angle;

9. The machine tool vibration frequency detecting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the third member is provided with a weight balance at a position outside the crescent-shaped support plate.

10. The machine tool vibration frequency detection device according to claim 4, wherein the first member is provided with a first wire, one end of the first wire is connected to the second member, and the other end is connected to the measuring mechanism;