CN219299013U - Engine compartment cover plate lock bolt device and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a hood latch device and a vehicle, the hood latch device comprising: a substrate provided on a vehicle; a safety hook mounted to the base plate and rotatable relative to the base plate to release the lock on the striker; and a locking assembly, comprising: a lock member provided on the substrate and having a lock portion; a lock engagement portion provided at a position of the safety hook corresponding to the lock portion; wherein when the safety hook is rotated to the open position, the lock engagement portion is brought into contact with the lock member and is locked by the lock portion so that the safety hook is held in the open position. The locking joint part of the engine room cover lock latch device can be locked by the locking part, so that the safety hook is kept at the opening position, thereby enabling a user to lift the engine room cover by using two hands.

Description

Engine compartment cover plate lock bolt device and vehicle

Technical Field

The present utility model relates to the field of vehicles, and more particularly to a hood latch device and a vehicle equipped with the same.

Background

Generally, a hood panel is provided above the hood of the front portion of the vehicle. The nacelle cover is configured to be openable and closable so that the nacelle can be revealed. The nacelle cover also serves to protect the nacelle while blocking noise generated by the engine.

One side of the hood panel as described above is hinged to the vehicle body, while the other side of the hood panel is provided with a hood panel latch device which enables the hood panel to be locked to the vehicle body.

In the case where the hood needs to be opened, the user operates the hood to pop up using a button or a lever in the cab, and then pushes a safety lever to open the hood by inserting the user's hand between the popped up hood and the vehicle body.

In which the safety lever of the hood automatically returns after the user releases his hand, so that the user must maintain the posture of the safety lever pushing the hood with one hand and lift the hood with the other hand, the opening of which lifts the hood with one hand makes the user (especially female user) feel more laborious, and in particular, in the tendency of the hood to become heavier, there is a case where the hood cannot be opened.

Accordingly, there is a need for further improvements in existing engine compartment cover latch devices.

The information disclosed in the background section of the utility model is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the utility model and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a hood latch device and a vehicle, which can enable a user to lift a hood with both hands, thereby lifting the hood more easily.

According to a first aspect of the present utility model, there is provided an engine compartment cover latch device comprising: a substrate provided on a vehicle; a safety hook mounted to the base plate and rotatable relative to the base plate to release a lock on the striker; and a locking assembly, comprising: a lock member provided on the substrate and having a lock portion; and a lock engagement portion provided at a position of the safety hook corresponding to the lock portion; wherein when the safety hook is rotated to the open position, the locking engagement portion is brought into contact with the locking member and is locked by the locking portion so that the safety hook is held in the open position.

Preferably, one end of the safety hook protrudes in the direction of the locking member to form the locking engagement portion.

Preferably, the lock engagement portion has an inclined first engagement surface and an inclined first guide surface located below the first engagement surface; the locking member is a sheet spring, the sheet spring is positioned on one side of the safety hook and is provided with a second guide surface corresponding to the first guide surface and a first locking surface corresponding to a first joint surface, and the first locking surface forms the locking part; wherein the first guide surface is capable of pressing the second guide surface such that the lock engagement portion of the safety hook passes over the second guide surface of the leaf spring, thereby bringing the first lock surface into contact with and capable of locking the first engagement surface.

Preferably, the lock engagement portion has an inclined first engagement surface and an inclined first guide surface located below the first engagement surface; the locking component is a first torsion spring, the first torsion spring is positioned on one side of the safety hook, one end of the first torsion spring is a free end, and the free end is provided with the locking part; wherein the first guide surface is capable of pressing the free end such that the locking engagement portion of the safety hook passes over the free end of the first torsion spring, thereby causing the locking portion of the free end to contact and be capable of locking the first engagement surface.

Preferably, the locking member is a magnetic member that is provided below the locking engagement portion and provides a magnetic force capable of attracting the locking engagement portion of the safety hook in the open position.

Preferably, the locking engagement portion has a second engagement surface, and the magnetic member provides a magnetic force capable of attracting the second engagement surface of the locking engagement portion.

Preferably, the safety hook has an impact slope that can be rotated after being impacted by the impact member so that the locking engagement portion is disengaged from the locking of the locking portion.

Preferably, the hood latch device further comprises a safety lever integrally formed with the safety hook.

Preferably, the safety hook is mounted to the base plate by a second torsion spring, and is configured to be elastically returned from the open position by an elastic force of the second torsion spring.

According to a second aspect of the utility model, there is provided a vehicle provided with a cabin cover latch device as described in the first aspect.

The locking joint part of the engine room cover lock latch device can be locked by the locking part, so that the safety hook is kept at the opening position, thereby enabling a user to lift the engine room cover by using two hands.

The device of the present utility model has other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following embodiments, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain the particular principles of the utility model.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first hood latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the locking engagement of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the locking member of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second hood latch assembly according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the locking member of FIG. 5;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a third hood latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view II of a third engine room cover latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the first engine compartment cover latch device in operation;

FIG. 10 is a second schematic illustration of the operation of the first hood latch assembly;

FIG. 11 is a third schematic illustration of the operation of the first hood latch assembly;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the second engine compartment cover latch device in operation;

FIG. 13 is a second schematic illustration of the operational status of the second hood latch assembly;

FIG. 14 is a third schematic view of the second hood latch assembly operating condition;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the second hood latch assembly in operation;

fig. 16 is a schematic view showing an operation state of the third hood latch device.

Reference numerals illustrate:

100: substrate 101: support frame

200: safety hook 201: locking joint

202: torsion spring 203: a first joint surface

204: the first guide surface 205: second joint surface

206: impact ramp 207: pin shaft

208: hook 209: side surface

300: locking member 301: locking part

302: the second guide surface 303: first locking surface

304: free end 305: fixed end

400: impact member

500: safety lever 501: push button.

It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a simplified representation of various features illustrative of the basic principles of the utility model. The particular design features disclosed herein (including, for example, particular dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes) will be determined in part by the particular application and environment in which they are to be used.

In the drawings, like numerals refer to the same or equivalent parts of the utility model throughout the several views of the drawings.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the utility model, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While the utility model will be described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that the present description is not intended to limit the utility model to these exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the utility model is intended to cover not only these exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

The following describes an engine room cover latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model with reference to fig. 1 to 16.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first hood latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model; FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1; fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the latch joint in fig. 1, illustrating a specific structure of the latch joint; fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the locking member in fig. 1, which illustrates a specific structure of the locking member.

Referring to fig. 1, an engine room cover latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model includes: base plate 100, safety hook 200, and a locking assembly.

The substrate 100 is provided on a vehicle.

The safety hook 200 is mounted to the base plate 100 and is rotatable relative to the base plate 100 to release the lock on the striker 400.

The locking assembly includes a locking member 300 and a locking engagement 201. The locking member 300 is provided on the substrate 100 and has a locking portion 301. The lock engagement portion 201 is provided at a position of the safety hook 200 corresponding to the lock portion 311.

Specifically, when the safety hook 200 is rotated to the open position (in which the striker 400 of the hood panel is no longer locked by the safety hook), the lock engagement portion 201 is brought into contact with the lock member 300 and is locked by the lock portion 301, so that the safety hook 200 is held in the open position.

The user operates the hood panel to be sprung using a button or a lever in the cab and inserts one hand between the sprung hood panel and the vehicle body, and after the safety hook 200 is rotated to the open position, the locking engagement 201 is locked by the locking portion 301 so that the safety hook 200 is maintained in the open position, thereby allowing the user to lift the hood panel using both hands, and the embodiment of the present utility model can lift the hood panel more easily than in the prior art in which the hood panel can be lifted only by one hand.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the safety hook 200 is mounted to the base plate 100 by the torsion spring 202 and is configured to elastically return from the open position by the elastic force of the torsion spring 202 such that, after the safety hook 200 returns, the hook portion 208 of the safety hook 200 can lock the striker 400 such that the striker 400 cannot move upward, thereby locking the hood panel.

In an exemplary embodiment, one end of the safety hook 200 protrudes toward the locking member 300 (i.e., protrudes toward the left of fig. 1) to form the above-described locking engagement 201, as shown in fig. 1.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the locking engagement 201 has an angled first engagement surface 203 and an angled first guide surface 204 located below the first engagement surface 203.

As shown in fig. 1, the lock member 300 is a leaf spring, which is located on one side of the safety hook 200, and as shown in fig. 4, the leaf spring has a second guide surface 302 corresponding to the first guide surface 204 and a first lock surface 303 corresponding to the first engagement surface 203, and the first lock surface 303 constitutes the lock portion 301.

Wherein during depression of the hood panel, the first guide surface 204 is able to press the second guide surface 302 such that the locking engagement 201 of the safety hook 200 passes over the second guide surface 302 of the leaf spring, thereby bringing the first locking surface 303 into contact with the first engagement surface 203 and being able to lock the first engagement surface 203.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the first engagement surface 203 is formed to gradually approach the lock member 300 in the top-to-bottom direction, and the first guide surface 204 is formed to gradually get away from the lock member 300 in the top-to-bottom direction.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the second guide surface 302 gradually approaches the safety hook 200 in the top-to-bottom direction, and the first locking surface 303 gradually moves away from the safety hook 200 in the top-to-bottom direction.

In the embodiment of fig. 1-4, the locking member 300 is selected from a leaf spring to lock the locking engagement 201 of the safety hook 200 using the elastic deformability of the leaf spring. In addition, other forms of locking member 300 may be used, such as torsion springs, magnetic components, etc.

In the following embodiments, only the locking member 300 is replaced with a torsion spring or a magnetic member, and no other parts of the engine room cover latch device are changed.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second hood latch assembly according to an embodiment of the present utility model; fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the locking member in fig. 5.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the locking engagement 201 has an angled first engagement surface 203 and an angled first guide surface 204 below the first engagement surface.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the locking member 300 is a torsion spring, which is located at one side of the safety hook 200, and one end of the torsion spring is a free end 304, and the free end 304 has the locking portion 301. The other end of the torsion spring is a fixed end 305.

Wherein the first guiding surface 204 is capable of pressing the free end 304 such that the locking engagement 201 of the safety hook 200 passes over the free end 304 of the torsion spring, thereby bringing the locking portion 301 of the free end 304 into contact with the first engagement surface 203 and being capable of locking the first engagement surface 203.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the base plate 100 has a bracket 101 extending toward the front of the vehicle, and in the embodiment of fig. 1 to 4, a leaf spring (i.e., a locking member 300) may be mounted to the bracket 101 by bolts.

In addition to the leaf springs and torsion springs described above, the locking member 300 may be a magnetic component.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a third hood latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model; fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a third hood latch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

In yet another embodiment, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the locking member 300 is a magnetic component that is disposed below the locking engagement 201 and provides a magnetic force capable of attracting the safety hook 200 in the open position.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the lock engagement portion 201 has a second engagement surface 205, and the upper surface of the magnetic member constitutes the lock portion 301, and the magnetic member provides a magnetic force capable of attracting the second engagement surface 205 of the lock engagement portion 201.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 5 and 7, the safety hook 200 has an impact ramp 206, the impact ramp 206 being rotatable upon impact by an impact member on the hood panel to disengage the locking engagement 201 from the locking of the locking portion 301.

In the prior art, a user inserts his hand between the sprung hood and the vehicle body to push the safety lever to open the hood, and after the user releases his hand, the safety hook 200 is rotated back to the initial position by the torsion spring 202, and the hook 208 of the safety hook 200 is rotated to the upper side. When the engine compartment cover is closed, the striker of the engine compartment cover strikes the side 209 of the hook 208 of the safety hook 200 at an angle of about 87 degrees and pushes the safety hook 200 to rotate by a larger angle, so that the striker can move down below the hook 208 of the safety hook 200, each time the striker makes the safety hook 200 receive a larger impact force, after a plurality of impacts, the safety hook 200 can loose and easily interfere with the inner plate of the engine compartment cover.

In an embodiment of the present utility model, the safety hook 200 can be maintained in an open position, and the striker of the hood panel no longer strikes the hook portion 208 of the safety hook 200 but strikes the strike ramp 206 of the safety hook 200 during the closing of the hood panel, which only requires pushing the safety hook 200 to rotate a small angle, so that the safety hook 200 is subjected to a small striking force, thereby improving the durability of the safety hook 200.

In an exemplary embodiment, in cooperation with the illustration of fig. 2, the engine compartment cover latch device further includes a safety lever 500, the safety lever 500 being integrally formed with the safety hook 200.

In the prior art, the safety lever 500 is separated from the safety hook 200, and the safety lever 500 is mounted on the safety hook 200 through torsion springs, pin shafts and other components, so that the cost is high.

The safety lever 500 of the present utility model is integrally formed with the safety hook 200, reducing the use of parts and reducing costs.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the safety lever 500 is provided with a push button 501, and a user can push the push button 501 to rotate the safety hook 200.

The embodiment of the utility model also provides a vehicle which is provided with the engine room cover board locking device.

The operation of the hood latch device of fig. 1-4 (i.e., the embodiment in which the leaf spring is selected) will now be described with reference to fig. 9-11.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the first engine compartment cover latch device in operation; FIG. 10 is a second schematic illustration of the operation of the first hood latch assembly; fig. 11 is a third schematic view of the operation of the first hood latch device.

The user operates the hood panel to be sprung using a button or a lever in the cab and inserts a hand between the sprung hood panel and the vehicle body to push the push button 501 of the safety lever 500, thereby rotating the safety hook 200 in the direction of arrow a in fig. 9.

As shown in fig. 9, when the safety hook 200 rotates in the direction of arrow a, the first guide surface 204 of the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 contacts and slides relatively with the second guide surface 302 of the lock member 300 (i.e., the leaf spring).

During the relative sliding, the first guide surface 204 of the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 presses the lock member 300 in the direction of the arrow B in fig. 9, so that the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 can pass over the second guide surface 302 of the lock member 300, thereby bringing the first engagement surface 203 of the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 into contact with the first lock surface 303 of the lock member 300 (see fig. 10 for cooperation).

In the state illustrated in fig. 10, the first locking surface 303 of the locking member 300 applies a force in the direction of the arrow C to the first engagement surface 203 of the locking engagement portion 201, so that the locking engagement portion 201 is locked by the first locking surface 303 of the locking member 300 (see fig. 10 for cooperation), thereby holding the safety hook 200 in the state of the open position. At this time, since the safety hook 200 is maintained in an opened state, the striker 400 of the hood panel is not restricted from moving upward, and the user can lift the hood panel upward using both hands.

When it is desired to close the hood panel, as shown in fig. 11, the striker 400 of the hood panel applies a rotational force to the strike slope 206 of the safety hook 200, which causes the safety hook 200 to have a tendency to rotate in the direction of arrow D and causes the first engagement surface 203 of the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 to press the first lock surface 303 of the lock member 300 such that the first engagement surface 203 of the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 passes over the first lock surface 303 of the lock member 300, thereby causing the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 to rotate above the lock member 300 (i.e., to return to the state of fig. 9). At this time, the hook 208 of the safety hook 200 has been rotated above the striker 400, so that the hook 208 locks the striker 400, and thus the striker 400 cannot move upward, thereby locking the hood panel.

The operation of the hood latch device of fig. 5-6 (i.e., the embodiment in which the torsion spring is selected) will now be described in connection with fig. 12-15.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the second engine compartment cover latch device in operation; FIG. 13 is a second schematic illustration of the operational status of the second hood latch assembly; FIG. 14 is a third schematic view of the second hood latch assembly operating condition; fig. 15 is a schematic view of the second type of hood latch device in operation.

The user operates the hood panel to be sprung using a button or a lever in the cab and inserts a hand between the sprung hood panel and the vehicle body to push the push button 501 of the safety lever 500, thereby rotating the safety hook 200 in the direction of arrow a in fig. 12.

As shown in fig. 13, when the safety hook 200 is rotated in the direction of arrow a, the first guide surface 204 of the lock engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 contacts and slides relatively with the free end 304 of the lock member 300 (i.e., torsion spring).

During the relative sliding, the first guide surface 204 of the latch engaging portion 201 of the safety hook 200 presses the latch member 300 in the direction of the arrow B in fig. 13, so that the latch engaging portion 201 of the safety hook 200 can pass over the free end 304 of the latch member 300, thereby bringing the first engaging surface 203 of the latch engaging portion 201 of the safety hook 200 into contact with the latch portion 301 of the free end 304 of the latch member 300 (see fig. 14 for cooperation).

In the state illustrated in fig. 14, the free end 304 of the lock member 300 applies a force in the direction of the arrow C to the first engagement surface 203 of the lock engagement portion 201, so that the lock engagement portion 201 is locked by the free end 304 of the lock member 300 (see fig. 14 for cooperation), thereby holding the snap hook 200 in the open position state, at which time, since the snap hook 200 is held in the open state, the striker 400 of the hood panel is not restricted from moving upward, and the user can lift the hood panel upward using both hands.

In conjunction with the need to close the hood panel, as shown in fig. 15, depressing the hood panel striker 400 applies a rotational force to the striker ramp 206 of the safety hook 200 that causes the safety hook 200 to have a tendency to rotate in the direction of arrow D and causes the first engagement surface 203 of the latch engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 to press against the free end 304 of the latch member 300 such that the first engagement surface 203 of the latch engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 passes over the free end 304 of the latch member 300, thereby causing the latch engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 to rotate above the latch member 300 (i.e., back to the state of fig. 12). At this time, the hook 208 of the safety hook 200 has been rotated above the striker 400, so that the hook 208 locks the striker 400, and thus the striker 400 cannot move upward, thereby locking the hood panel.

The operation of the hood latch device of fig. 7-8 (i.e., the embodiment in which the magnetic component is selected) will now be described with reference to fig. 7, 8 and 16.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view showing an operation state of the third hood latch device.

The user operates the hood panel to be sprung by using a button or a pull rod in the cab and inserts a hand between the sprung hood panel and the vehicle body to push the push button 501 of the safety lever 500, thereby driving the safety hook 200 to rotate in the direction of arrow a in fig. 7, so that the magnetic member attracts the second engagement surface 205 (see fig. 8) of the locking engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200, thereby achieving the effect that the safety hook 200 is maintained in the open position, and at this time, the user can lift the hood panel upward with both hands.

In conjunction with the need to close the hood panel as shown in fig. 16, depressing the hood panel striker 400 applies a rotational force to the striker ramp 206 of the safety hook 200 that enables the safety hook 200 to overcome the magnetic force of the magnetic member on the latch engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 and rotates the safety hook 200 in the direction of arrow D, thereby rotating the latch engagement portion 201 of the safety hook 200 to the initial position (i.e., back to the state of fig. 7).

For convenience in explanation and accurate definition in the appended claims, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "upwardly", "downwardly", "front", "rear", "back", "inner", "outer", "inwardly", "outwardly", "inner", "outer", "outwardly", "forwardly", "rearwardly" are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the positions of such features as displayed in the figures.

The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the utility model has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the utility model and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize the utility model in various exemplary embodiments and with various alternatives and modifications. The scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A hood latch assembly comprising:

a substrate provided on a vehicle;

a safety hook mounted to the base plate and rotatable relative to the base plate to release a lock on the striker; and

a locking assembly, comprising:

a lock member provided on the substrate and having a lock portion; and

a lock engagement portion provided at a position of the safety hook corresponding to the lock portion; wherein when the safety hook is rotated to the open position, the locking engagement portion is brought into contact with the locking member and is locked by the locking portion so that the safety hook is held in the open position.

2. The engine room cover latch device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the safety hook protrudes in a direction of a locking member to form the locking engagement portion.

3. The engine compartment cover latch device of claim 2, wherein the latch engagement portion has an inclined first engagement surface and an inclined first guide surface located below the first engagement surface;

the locking member is a sheet spring, the sheet spring is positioned on one side of the safety hook and is provided with a second guide surface corresponding to the first guide surface and a first locking surface corresponding to a first joint surface, and the first locking surface forms the locking part;

wherein the first guide surface is capable of pressing the second guide surface such that the lock engagement portion of the safety hook passes over the second guide surface of the leaf spring, thereby bringing the first lock surface into contact with and capable of locking the first engagement surface.

4. The engine compartment cover latch device of claim 2, wherein the latch engagement portion has an inclined first engagement surface and an inclined first guide surface located below the first engagement surface;

the locking component is a first torsion spring, the first torsion spring is positioned on one side of the safety hook, one end of the first torsion spring is a free end, and the free end is provided with the locking part;

wherein the first guide surface is capable of pressing the free end such that the locking engagement portion of the safety hook passes over the free end of the first torsion spring, thereby causing the locking portion of the free end to contact and be capable of locking the first engagement surface.

5. The engine compartment cover latch device according to claim 1, wherein the latch member is a magnetic member that is provided below the latch engaging portion and provides a magnetic force capable of attracting the latch engaging portion of the safety hook in the open position.

6. The engine compartment cover latch device of claim 5, wherein the latch engagement portion has a second engagement surface, and the magnetic member provides a magnetic force capable of attracting the second engagement surface of the latch engagement portion.

7. The engine compartment cover latch device according to claim 1, wherein the safety hook has an impact slope that can be rotated after being impacted by the impact member to disengage the locking engagement portion from the locking of the locking portion.

8. The engine compartment cover latch device of claim 1, further comprising a safety lever integral with the safety hook.

9. The engine compartment cover latch device of claim 1, wherein the safety hook is mounted to the base plate by a second torsion spring and is configured to resiliently return from the open position by the resilient force of the second torsion spring.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that it is equipped with a bonnet latch device as claimed in any one of claims 1-9.

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