CN219227458U - Control circuit of soft starter of three-phase asynchronous motor - Google Patents
Control circuit of soft starter of three-phase asynchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN219227458U CN219227458U CN202320244388.4U CN202320244388U CN219227458U CN 219227458 U CN219227458 U CN 219227458U CN 202320244388 U CN202320244388 U CN 202320244388U CN 219227458 U CN219227458 U CN 219227458U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor, which comprises a control module, a thyristor trigger module, a voltage detection module, a current detection module and an auxiliary trigger control module, wherein the thyristor trigger module is used for triggering the thyristor trigger module; the control module comprises an STM32 main control chip and a peripheral module connected with the STM32 main control chip; the number of the thyristor triggering modules is three, each thyristor triggering module comprises a thyristor triggering voltage transformation module for storing energy and outputting triggering voltage, a change-over switch for controlling the thyristor triggering voltage transformation module to store energy or output triggering voltage, and an optocoupler control module; the optocoupler control module is connected with the auxiliary trigger control module, the auxiliary trigger control module is connected with the STM32 main control chip, and the silicon controlled trigger voltage transformation module is connected with a main loop of the soft starter. The soft starter control circuit has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, safe and reliable control and good improvement of the overall cost performance of the soft starter control circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of starting control of three-phase asynchronous motors, in particular to a control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor.
Background
The three-phase asynchronous motor is one kind of induction motor and is a motor powered by simultaneously switching in 380V three-phase alternating current (120 DEG phase difference). The rotor and the stator of the three-phase asynchronous motor rotate in the same direction and at different rotation speeds, so that slip ratio exists, and the three-phase asynchronous motor is called.
Compared with a direct current motor, the three-phase asynchronous motor is not very complicated in structure and lower in price than the direct current motor, the rotating speed is easy to control, and the motor is stable and reliable in operation, so that the motor is widely applied to various industries. However, the disadvantage of three-phase asynchronous motors is that very large overcurrents occur in the stator windings during their start-up. The reason is that the starting of the three-phase asynchronous motor is a process in which the rotational speed of the motor is gradually brought from zero to the rated rotational speed and is in a stationary operation state, and if the three-phase asynchronous motor is directly started by the rated voltage at the time when the asynchronous motor is started, the rotational speed of the rotor is zero, and thus, the relative speed between the rotor and the rotating magnetic field is very large, so that the current and induced electromotive force of the rotor winding also become very large. Therefore, the starting current of the motor can reach 4-8 times of rated current, and the starting torque can reach more than 2 times of rated torque at the same time, so that impact can be caused to a power grid, the three-phase asynchronous motor can be heated, the service life of the motor is shortened, and even the normal operation of electric equipment connected with the motor can be influenced. Thus, it is currently common to use a soft starter to achieve starting of a three-phase asynchronous motor.
The soft starter of the three-phase asynchronous motor is motor control equipment integrating soft start, soft stop, light load energy saving and multifunctional protection, and can realize the smooth starting of the motor without impact in the whole starting process. At present, a soft starter generally adopts a high-power bidirectional thyristor to form a three-phase alternating current voltage regulating main loop, and then a control circuit is used for regulating the triggering angle of the thyristor to control and regulate the switch of the thyristor, so that the output of voltage and torque is regulated, the starting current is slowly increased, and the starting current is continuously adjustable, thus reducing the damage of impact current to a motor, power supply equipment or a power grid, and improving the stability of the power supply system. At present, a control circuit of the soft starter is generally composed of a control module, a thyristor triggering module, a voltage detection module and a current detection module. In addition to the main circuit and the control circuit, the soft starter typically includes a power supply circuit, a display circuit, a protection circuit, and a communication circuit.
Although the soft start mode has many advantages compared with other three-phase asynchronous motor start modes (such as direct start and reduced pressure start), the existing soft starter mostly adopts a DSP as a main control chip (such as TMS320F 28335) in its control module, and the number of trigger modules for triggering thyristors is relatively large (because the DSP generates 6 complementary PWM signals, the 6 trigger modules are input, and then the trigger signals are output to the thyristors in the main loop to make them conductive), for example, the following references: design of medium-high voltage soft start controller (Wang Dangshu, etc., laboratory research and exploration, volume 40, 1 st year, 2021), design of DSP-based asynchronous motor soft start device (Zhou Haiying, full text database of chinese academic papers, 2017), patent publication No.: CN208112530U, CN203278712U adopts the scheme of DSP master control chip+6 thyristor trigger modules, so the whole control circuit has a complex structure and low cost performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor, which simplifies the whole control circuit and improves the overall cost performance of the control circuit of the soft starter by improving the structure of the control circuit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
the control circuit of the soft starter of the three-phase asynchronous motor comprises a control module, a thyristor trigger module, a voltage detection module, a current detection module and an auxiliary trigger control module, wherein the thyristor trigger module, the voltage detection module and the current detection module are connected with the control module; the control module comprises an STM32 main control chip and a peripheral module connected with the STM32 main control chip; the number of the thyristor triggering modules is three, each thyristor triggering module comprises a thyristor triggering voltage transformation module for storing energy and outputting triggering voltage, a change-over switch for controlling the thyristor triggering voltage transformation module to store energy or output triggering voltage, and an optocoupler control module; the optocoupler control module is connected with the auxiliary trigger control module, the auxiliary trigger control module is connected with the STM32 main control chip, and the silicon controlled trigger voltage transformation module is connected with a main loop of the soft starter.
Preferably, the model of the STM32 main control chip is STM32F103VBT6.
Preferably, the auxiliary trigger control module model is EPM7032.
Further, the utility model also comprises an oscillation module connected with the trigger control module.
Preferably, the model number of the thyristor triggering voltage transformation module is KMB519-301.
Preferably, the change-over switch is a MOS transistor.
Specifically, the optocoupler control module includes an optocoupler with a model PC410, and a PNP transistor Q1 with an emitter connected to a pin 3 of the optocoupler; the pin 5 of the optical coupler is connected with the G pole of the change-over switch, and the pin 4 of the optical coupler is grounded; and the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the auxiliary trigger control module.
Further, the optocoupler control module sea comprises a diode D1 and a diode D2 which are connected at two ends of the thyristor trigger voltage transformation module and are connected in an anti-series mode.
Specifically, the peripheral module comprises a clock module and a reset module which are both connected with the STM32 main control chip.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The utility model adopts STM32 main control chip as the core of the control module, combines the designed auxiliary trigger control module and the thyristor trigger module (the number of the thyristor trigger modules is three) formed by the thyristor trigger voltage transformation module, the change-over switch and the optocoupler control module, and constructs the switch control core of the thyristor in the soft starter.
(2) The auxiliary trigger control module designed by the utility model plays an auxiliary control role, not only can carry out filtering and encryption processing on the high-level trigger signal of the STM32 main control chip to ensure the accuracy of thyristor triggering, but also properly releases the resources of the STM32 main control chip, so that the STM32 main control chip can be externally connected with more other functional modules to realize the required functions, and the expansibility of a control circuit is improved.
(3) The utility model sets the oscillation module at the periphery of the auxiliary trigger control module, which can generate pulse oscillation signals, and generate high-frequency pulse signals after being integrated with high-level trigger signals, and then send the high-frequency pulse signals to the thyristor trigger module, thus further improving the accuracy of thyristor trigger.
(4) The trigger pulse signal output by the thyristor trigger module is a cluster pulse group, so that the trigger is reliable, the influence of high-frequency switch transient can be avoided, the trigger of the thyristor is effectively ensured, and the service life of the thyristor is prolonged.
(5) According to the utility model, the two diodes (D1 and D2) which are connected in reverse series are arranged, so that the function of protecting the change-over switch can be realized, the change-over switch is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh reverse voltage of the thyristor triggering voltage transformation module, and the safety and stability of thyristor triggering are further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a usage state of an embodiment of the present utility model.
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an auxiliary trigger control module according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single thyristor trigger module according to an embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an oscillating module according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be further illustrated by the following description and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a control circuit which is used in a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor and realizes the switching control of thyristors in a main loop of the soft starter. As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment mainly comprises a control module, an auxiliary trigger control module, a thyristor trigger module, a voltage detection module and a current detection module. The thyristor triggering module, the voltage detection module and the current detection module are connected with a main loop of the soft starter, as shown in fig. 2. In this embodiment, the voltage detection module and the current detection module are the same as the prior art, for example, the voltage detection module is used for detecting a voltage signal of the main loop, including early voltage phase-failure detection, phase sequence detection, and generation of a power synchronization signal during operation, and sending the power synchronization signal to the control module; the current detection module is used for detecting a current signal of the main loop and sending the current signal to the control module. The voltage detection module and the current detection module are widely applied to various fields except for being applied to the soft starter of the three-phase asynchronous motor, are matched with various types of main control chips for use, such as DSP, FPGA, STM and 51 singlechips, and have the functions of feeding back voltage signals and current signals, so that the circuit structures and the working principles of the voltage detection module and the current detection module are not elaborated.
In the control circuit provided in this embodiment, the control module uses the STM32 main control chip as the control core, and the specific model is STM32F103VBT6, and the peripheral module including the clock module and the reset module is matched with the control module for implementing frequency control and reset control, where the clock module and the reset module are the same as those in the prior art, and the circuit structure and the working principle of the clock module and the reset module are not described in detail herein. The STM32F103VBT6 kernel is a 32-bit Cortex-M3 central processing unit based on ARM company, and has high-performance and high-efficiency data processing capability. STM32F103VBT6 has 100 pins in total, wherein the number of I/O ports is 80, the working frequency is 72MHz, the FLASH capacity is 128KB, and the using temperature is in the range of-40 ℃ to 85 ℃. Pins 12 and 13 of the STM32 main control chip are connected with a clock module, and pin 14 is connected with a reset module.
In the embodiment, the STM32 main control chip is used as a control core, an auxiliary trigger control module and a thyristor trigger module are designed, and the control module, the auxiliary trigger control module and the thyristor trigger module are matched to realize the switch control of the thyristor in the main loop.
Specifically, the auxiliary trigger control module in this embodiment adopts a programmable logic device with the model of EPM7032 and is provided with capacitors C1-C4 for construction, as shown in fig. 3, where pins 35, 37-40 and 42-44 of the auxiliary trigger control module are sequentially connected to pins 78-84 of the STM32 main control chip, and are used for receiving a high-level trigger signal sent by the STM32 main control chip, and then sent to the thyristor trigger module through pins 12-14. The number of the thyristor triggering modules is three, each thyristor triggering module comprises a thyristor triggering transformation module for storing energy and outputting triggering voltage, a change-over switch for controlling the thyristor triggering transformation module to store energy or output triggering voltage, and an optocoupler control module, wherein the circuit of the optocoupler control module is shown in figure 4, the model of the thyristor triggering transformation module is KMB519-301, and the thyristor triggering transformation module is provided with diodes D3 and D4, resistors R5 to R8, capacitors C6 and C7 and other components for lap joint, and then is connected with a main loop; the change-over switch is a MOS tube, so that the required driving energy is small and the control is easy; the optocoupler control module comprises an optocoupler with a model of PC410, a PNP triode Q1 with an emitter connected with a pin 3 of the optocoupler, and diodes D1 and D2 connected at two ends of the thyristor trigger voltage transformation module and connected in an inverse series mode, wherein a pin 5 of the optocoupler is connected with a G pole of the change-over switch, and a pin 4 of the optocoupler is grounded; and the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the pins 12 (or 13 and 14) of the auxiliary trigger control module, and the collector electrode of the triode Q1 is grounded.
When the embodiment works, the STM32 main control chip generates a high-level trigger signal according to the feedback condition of the voltage detection module and the current detection module, and sends the high-level trigger signal to the auxiliary trigger control module, and the high-level trigger signal is processed by the auxiliary trigger control module and then sent to the thyristor trigger module.
In the thyristor triggering module, when the control circuit is in a non-working state, the base electrode of the triode Q1 is low level, the triode Q1 is not conducted, the optocoupler does not work, and the thyristor triggering voltage transformation module is in an energy storage state. When receiving the signal transmitted by the auxiliary trigger control module, the base electrode of the triode Q1 is set to be high level, the triode Q1 is conducted, at the moment, the input side of the optocoupler is conducted, the pin 5 of the triode Q1 outputs low level, so that the change-over switch (namely Q2 in the figure 4) is conducted, the change-over switch controlled by voltage provides trigger current for the thyristor trigger voltage transformation module, at the moment, the thyristor trigger voltage transformation module outputs trigger voltage at the secondary side, and the thyristor in the main loop is controlled to be conducted. The diodes D1 and D2 which are connected in reverse series play a role in protecting the change-over switch in the switching process of energy storage and output triggering voltage, and the change-over switch is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the reverse voltage of the thyristor triggering voltage transformation module is too high.
In addition, in order to further improve the accuracy of triggering, in this embodiment, an oscillation module is disposed at the periphery of the auxiliary triggering control module, as shown in fig. 5, and a plurality of 74HC04 inverters are used, and in combination with diodes D5 and D6, capacitor C8, and resistors R9 and R10, pulse oscillation signals can be generated. The pulse oscillation signal is integrated with a high-level trigger signal sent by an STM32 main control chip, and a high-frequency pulse signal is generated and sent to a thyristor trigger module.
In conclusion, the utility model has reasonable design, simple circuit structure, low cost, safe and reliable control and better improves the overall cost performance of the soft starter control circuit.
The present utility model can be preferably implemented according to the above embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. The control circuit of the soft starter of the three-phase asynchronous motor comprises a control module, and a thyristor trigger module, a voltage detection module and a current detection module which are connected with the control module, and is characterized by also comprising an auxiliary trigger control module; the control module comprises an STM32 main control chip and a peripheral module connected with the STM32 main control chip; the number of the thyristor triggering modules is three, each thyristor triggering module comprises a thyristor triggering voltage transformation module for storing energy and outputting triggering voltage, a change-over switch for controlling the thyristor triggering voltage transformation module to store energy or output triggering voltage, and an optocoupler control module; the optocoupler control module is connected with the auxiliary trigger control module, the auxiliary trigger control module is connected with the STM32 main control chip, and the silicon controlled trigger voltage transformation module is connected with a main loop of the soft starter.
2. The control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the model of the STM32 main control chip is STM32F103VBT6.
3. The control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary trigger control module model is EPM7032.
4. A control circuit for a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 3, further comprising an oscillating module coupled to the trigger control module.
5. The control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thyristor trigger voltage transformation module model number is KMB519-301.
6. The control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 5, wherein the change-over switch is a MOS transistor.
7. The control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 6, wherein the optocoupler control module comprises an optocoupler of a model PC410, and a PNP transistor Q1 with an emitter connected to a pin 3 of the optocoupler; the pin 5 of the optical coupler is connected with the G pole of the change-over switch, and the pin 4 of the optical coupler is grounded; and the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the auxiliary trigger control module.
8. The control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 7, wherein the optocoupler control module comprises a diode D1 and a diode D2 connected at both ends of the thyristor trigger transformer module and connected in an anti-series manner.
9. The control circuit of a soft starter of a three-phase asynchronous motor according to claim 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the peripheral module comprises a clock module and a reset module which are all connected with an STM32 main control chip.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202320244388.4U CN219227458U (en) | 2023-02-17 | 2023-02-17 | Control circuit of soft starter of three-phase asynchronous motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202320244388.4U CN219227458U (en) | 2023-02-17 | 2023-02-17 | Control circuit of soft starter of three-phase asynchronous motor |
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| CN219227458U true CN219227458U (en) | 2023-06-20 |
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