CN219177014U

CN219177014U - Explosion-proof valve, safety battery pack and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN219177014U
Application number: CN202223455286.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 符运喜; 张新宾; 王振涛; 曹云飞; 张占江
Original assignee: FAW Group Corp
Current assignee: FAW Group Corp
Priority date: 2022-12-23
Filing date: 2022-12-23
Publication date: 2023-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-23

Abstract

The utility model discloses an explosion-proof valve, a safety battery pack and a vehicle, wherein the explosion-proof valve comprises a valve body, a guide rod, a plugging plate, an elastic piece and a locking mechanism; the valve body is provided with an inner boss, an outer boss and a central hole; the guide rod can move in the central hole; the guide rod passes through the central hole and is connected with the plugging plate; the locking mechanism is arranged on the guide rod and the valve body, and when the guide rod drives the plugging plate to move away from the valve body to a preset position, the locking mechanism is triggered to lock the position of the plugging plate; the exhaust channel can rapidly exhaust gas, isolate the melt and prevent impact on the electric connection row and other battery cores; the locking mechanism of the exhaust channel and the explosion-proof valve can prevent the explosion-proof valve from being blocked by the melt, and ensure the high-temperature and high-pressure gas to be effectively discharged; the diversion protection structure of the explosion-proof valve can protect the explosion-proof valve from being damaged by broken stone or foreign matters in the running process of the vehicle, and can also guide high-temperature and high-pressure gas to prevent secondary injury to surrounding vehicle personnel; the utility model has the advantages of easy realization, low cost and good effect.

Description

Explosion-proof valve, safety battery pack and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicle power batteries, in particular to an explosion-proof valve, a safety battery pack and a vehicle.

Background

Along with the continuous development of social economy and continuous innovation of science and technology, the power battery has the advantages of high voltage, high energy, small volume, light weight, wide working temperature range and the like, and is widely applied to electric vehicles. Meanwhile, battery safety has become a focus of social concern, and it is urgent to solve the problem of battery thermal diffusion. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas and the melt after the thermal runaway of the battery cells can influence other components in the box body, such as an electric connection row, a low-voltage wire harness, other battery cells and the like, and cause the phenomena of thermal runaway or arcing and the like of the adjacent battery cells.

The existing battery has the problems that due to unreasonable design of an exhaust channel or the structure of an explosion-proof valve and the like, after a single battery core is out of control, a melt is attached to the explosion-proof valve in an ejecting structure, so that the explosion-proof valve is blocked or blocked, high-temperature and high-pressure gas cannot be rapidly discharged, and the accident is further expanded.

In addition, due to the complexity of the road conditions in which the vehicle is traveling, the explosion-proof valve may be damaged by splashed broken stone or foreign matters; the problem is to be solved in a urgent need that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged during thermal runaway, so that secondary damage is possibly caused to surrounding vehicle personnel.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide an explosion-proof valve, a safety battery pack and a vehicle, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions: an explosion-proof valve for a battery pack, comprising:

the valve body is provided with an inner boss, an outer boss and a central hole;

one end of the guide rod is provided with a limiting table, and the guide rod can move in the central hole;

the other end of the guide rod penetrates through the central hole to be connected with the plugging plate;

one end of the elastic piece is abutted against the limiting table, and the other end of the elastic piece is clamped between the inner boss and the outer boss;

the locking mechanism is arranged on the guide rod and the valve body, and when the guide rod drives the plugging plate to move away from the valve body to a preset position, the locking mechanism is triggered to lock the position of the plugging plate, so that the plugging plate cannot return to the original position along with the elasticity of the elastic piece.

Further, the locking mechanism includes:

the clamping groove is formed in the position, close to the limiting table, of the guide rod;

the inner boss is provided with a clamping hole;

the clamping connection rod is provided with a rigid part and an elastic part, the clamping connection rod penetrates through the clamping hole, and one end of the elastic part is abutted against the outer boss;

the clamping connection rod is arranged opposite to the clamping groove, the clamping connection rod and the clamping groove are provided with a separation position and a clamping position, when the clamping connection rod and the clamping groove are positioned at the separation position, one end of the rigid part is abutted and penetrated on the side wall of the guide rod in the central hole, and the elastic part is in an elastic compression state; when the guide rod moves to the clamping position in the central hole, the clamping rod is opposite to the clamping groove, and the elastic part releases elastic force to enable part of the rigid part to enter the clamping groove, so that the guide rod is fixed on the valve body, and the plugging plate cannot return to the original position along with the elastic force of the elastic part.

Further, the method comprises the steps of:

the guide chute is arranged on the guide rod, and the clamping groove is arranged at one end of the guide chute, which is close to the limiting table;

the guide sliding boss is arranged on the inner wall of the central hole, the clamping hole is formed in the guide sliding boss and the through hole in the inner boss, and the guide sliding groove and the guide sliding boss are correspondingly arranged.

Further, the valve body is provided with a valve body connecting lug; still include the water conservancy diversion visor, the water conservancy diversion visor includes:

the protective cover connecting lug is arranged corresponding to the valve body connecting lug;

a notch portion for guiding out the gas in the diversion protection cover from the notch portion;

the explosion-proof valve is fixed with the battery pack through bolts penetrating through the protective cover connecting lugs and the valve body connecting lugs.

In another aspect, there is provided a safety battery pack having an explosion-proof valve as set forth in any one of the above, comprising:

the battery pack is internally provided with a plurality of battery cores, and the battery cores are provided with pressure relief valves;

the battery box body comprises an upper box body and a lower box body, and the upper box body is connected with the lower box body in a sealing way; the battery box body is provided with an exhaust channel, and the exhaust channel is connected with the pressure relief valve;

the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the battery box body and is connected with the exhaust channel.

Further, the lower case includes:

the gas guide beam is internally provided with a first gas guide cavity, two side walls of the gas guide beam are respectively provided with a plurality of pressure relief valve connecting holes, the pressure relief valve connecting holes are communicated with the first gas guide cavity, and the pressure relief valve connecting holes are correspondingly arranged with the pressure relief valves of the battery cells;

the gas guide lower tank wall is internally provided with a second gas guide cavity, the first gas guide cavity is communicated with the second gas guide cavity, the outer wall of the gas guide lower tank wall is provided with a plurality of explosion-proof valve connecting holes, a plurality of explosion-proof valve connecting holes are communicated with the second gas guide cavity, and the explosion-proof valve connecting holes are connected with the explosion-proof valves.

Further, a first air guide hole is formed in one end of the air guide beam, the first air guide hole is communicated with the first air guide cavity, a second air guide hole is formed in the inner wall of the air guide lower box wall, the second air guide hole is communicated with the second air guide cavity, the first air guide hole is correspondingly connected with the second air guide hole, the first air guide cavity and the second air guide cavity are mutually communicated through corresponding connection of the first air guide hole and the second air guide hole, and the second air guide hole and the explosion-proof valve connecting hole are arranged in a staggered mode in the length direction of the air guide lower box wall.

Further, the pressure relief valve connecting holes on the two side walls of the air guide beam are oppositely arranged, a spacer is arranged in the first air guide cavity, and the spacer separates the pressure relief valve connecting holes which are oppositely arranged.

Further, the air guide beam and the air guide lower box wall are made of aluminum profile materials or rolled steel.

In yet another aspect, a vehicle is provided, including a safety battery pack according to any one of the above, the explosion-proof valve is disposed behind the safety battery pack, and the notch of the flow guiding protection cover faces the ground.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the exhaust passage formed by the device can rapidly exhaust gas, isolate the melt and prevent impact on the electric connection row, other battery cells and the like. In addition, the design of the exhaust passage and the anti-explosion valve locking structure can prevent the anti-explosion valve from being blocked by the melt, and ensure the high-temperature and high-pressure gas to be effectively discharged. The flow guide protection structure of the explosion-proof valve can protect the explosion-proof valve, prevent the explosion-proof valve from being damaged by broken stone or foreign matters in the running process of the vehicle, guide high-temperature and high-pressure gas and prevent secondary injury to surrounding vehicle personnel. The utility model has the advantages of easy realization, low cost and good effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of an explosion-proof valve structure in an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a valve body according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a guide bar according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a plugging plate according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the connection of the clamping rod and the valve body in the embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a clamping rod according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a flow guiding protective cover according to an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection of a safety battery pack according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the battery case structure according to the embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an air guide beam according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the outer wall structure of the lower air guiding wall in an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the inner wall of the lower air guide tank wall according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a gas flow direction of a vent passage of a battery case according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a cell structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

in the figure: 100. an explosion-proof valve; 200. a battery cell; 300. a battery case;

110. a valve body; 120. a guide rod; 130. a plugging plate; 140. an elastic member; 150. a diversion protective cover; 210. a pressure release valve; 310. a lower box body; 111. an inner boss; 112. an outer boss; 113. a central bore; 114. a clamping rod; 115. a sliding guide boss; 116. a valve body connecting lug; 121. a limiting table; 122. a clamping groove; 123. a guide chute; 311. an air guide beam; 312. a lower air guide box wall; 151. a protective cover connecting lug; 152. a notch portion; 1111. a clamping hole; 1141. a rigid portion; 1142. an elastic part; 3111. a first air guide cavity; 3112. a pressure relief valve connecting hole; 3113. a first air guide port; 3114. a spacer; 3121. a second air guide port; 3122. and an explosion-proof valve connecting hole.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "head," "tail," and the like are used as an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the utility model and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Referring to the drawings in the specification, the utility model provides a technical scheme that: an explosion-proof valve for a battery pack, comprising:

a valve body 110 provided with an inner boss 111, an outer boss 112, and a central hole 113;

a guide rod 120, wherein a limit table 121 is arranged at one end of the guide rod 120, and the guide rod can move in the central hole 113;

the plugging plate 130 passes through the central hole 113 at the other end of the guide rod 120 and is connected with the plugging plate 130;

the elastic piece 140, one end of the elastic piece 140 abuts against the limiting table 121, and the other end is clamped between the inner boss 111 and the outer boss 112;

the locking mechanism is arranged on the guide rod 120 and the valve body 110, and when the guide rod 120 drives the plugging plate 130 to move away from the valve body 110 to a preset position, the locking mechanism is triggered to lock the position of the plugging plate 130, so that the plugging plate 130 cannot return to the original position along with the elastic force of the elastic piece 140.

In the above embodiment, the elastic member 140 is preferably a spring, and the elastic member 140 and the guide rod 120 of the explosion-proof valve 100 together implement opening and closing of the explosion-proof valve 100. Under normal operation of the power battery, the explosion-proof valve 100 is normally closed due to the elastic force of the elastic member 140. When thermal runaway occurs in the cell 200, a large amount of gas is released and the pressure in the battery pack rapidly rises. When the gas pressure is greater than the elastic force of the elastic member 140, the explosion-proof valve 100 is opened to discharge the gas. In the practical test, it was found that a certain time is required for thermal diffusion, that is, when the first cell 200 is thermally out of control, after the explosion-proof valve 100 is opened to discharge gas, the explosion-proof valve 100 is closed under the elastic force of the elastic member 140. After a short time, the second cell 200 undergoes thermal runaway, releasing gas. In this process, the melt adheres to the explosion-proof valve 100, which may cause the blocking plate 130 of the explosion-proof valve 100 to be stuck, or even not to be ejected, to lose the venting function, resulting in swelling of the battery or even explosion hazard. To solve this problem, a locking mechanism is designed on the guide rod 120 and the valve body 110 so that the explosion-proof valve 100 is always maintained in an opened state after being opened.

Optionally, the locking mechanism includes:

the clamping groove 122 is formed in the guide rod 120, which is close to the limiting table 121, and the clamping groove 122 is formed in the guide rod 120;

a clamping hole 1111, the inner boss 111 is provided with the clamping hole 1111;

a clamping rod 114, wherein the clamping rod 114 has a rigid portion 1141 and an elastic portion 1142, the clamping rod 114 is inserted into the clamping hole 1111, and one end of the elastic portion 1142 abuts against the outer boss 112;

the clamping rod 114 is disposed opposite to the clamping groove 122, the clamping rod 114 and the clamping groove 122 have a separation position and a clamping position, when the clamping rod 114 and the clamping groove 122 are in the separation position, one end of the rigid portion 1141 is abutted and penetrated through the side wall of the guide rod 120 in the central hole 113, and at this time, the elastic portion 1142 is in an elastic compression state; as the guide rod 120 moves to the locking position in the central hole 113, the locking rod 114 is opposite to the locking groove 122, and the elastic portion 1142 releases the elastic force to enable a portion of the rigid portion 1141 to enter the locking groove 122, so that the guide rod 120 is fixed on the valve body 110, and the blocking plate 130 cannot return to the original position along with the elastic force of the elastic member 140.

Optionally, the method comprises:

the guide chute 123 is arranged on the guide rod 120, and the clamping groove 122 is arranged at one end of the guide chute 123, which is close to the limiting table 121;

the guide boss 115, the guide boss 115 is disposed on an inner wall of the central hole 113, the clamping hole 1111 is disposed on the inner boss 111 at a connection portion between the guide boss 115 and the guide boss 115, and the guide chute 123 and the guide boss 115 are disposed correspondingly.

In the above embodiment, the explosion-proof valve 100 is kept stationary while the battery pack is operating normally. When thermal runaway occurs, the guide rod 120 is extended outward along the guide chute 123 by the gas pressure, and the elastic portion 1142 of the click-on lever 114 is kept in a compressed state all the time during the movement. When the locking rod 114 moves to a certain extent, the locking rod 114 contacts the locking groove 122, and the rigid portion 1141 moves along the locking hole 1111 under the elastic force of the elastic portion 1142, and falls into the locking groove 122, so as to complete locking. The guide rod 120 cannot extend outwards or retract inwards, and the explosion-proof valve 100 is always kept in an open state, so that high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be discharged efficiently.

Optionally, the valve body 110 is provided with a valve body connecting lug 116; also included is a deflector protection cap 150, the deflector protection cap 150 comprising:

a protective cover connection lug 151, wherein the protective cover connection lug 151 is arranged corresponding to the valve body connection lug 116;

a notch 152 for guiding the gas in the diversion cover 150 out of the notch 152;

the explosion-proof valve 100 is fixed to the battery pack by bolts passing through the protection cover coupling lugs 151 and the valve body coupling lugs 116.

In the above embodiment, the protection cover connecting lugs 151 protruding from both sides are used for fixing, and are consistent with the fixing points of the valve body connecting lugs 116 of the explosion-proof valve, and are fixed by using the same bolt, so that the space is simply and conveniently saved.

the battery pack is internally provided with a plurality of battery cells 200, and the battery cells 200 are provided with pressure relief valves 210;

specifically, the battery cell 200 is preferably an elongated battery cell, and the pressure release valve 210 is disposed at a side of the battery cell 200.

The battery box 300 comprises an upper box body and a lower box body 310, wherein the upper box body and the lower box body 310 are connected in a sealing way; the battery box 300 is provided with an exhaust channel, and the exhaust channel is connected with the pressure release valve 210;

and an explosion-proof valve 100, wherein the explosion-proof valve 100 is arranged on the battery box 300, and the explosion-proof valve 100 is connected with the exhaust passage.

Optionally, the lower case 310 includes:

the air guide beam 311, a first air guide cavity 3111 is provided in the air guide beam 311, a plurality of pressure release valve connection holes 3112 are provided on two side walls of the air guide beam 311, the pressure release valve connection holes 3112 are communicated with the first air guide cavity 3111, and the pressure release valve connection holes 3112 are correspondingly arranged with the pressure release valves 210 of the battery cell 200;

the lower air guide tank wall 312 is provided with a second air guide cavity in the lower air guide tank wall 312, the first air guide cavity 3111 is communicated with the second air guide cavity, the outer wall of the lower air guide tank wall 312 is provided with a plurality of explosion-proof valve connecting holes 3122, a plurality of explosion-proof valve connecting holes 3122 are communicated with the second air guide cavity, and the explosion-proof valve connecting holes 3122 are connected with the explosion-proof valve 100.

In the above embodiment, the cavity of the first air guide cavity 3111 in the air guide beam 311 for carrying the function of the air discharge channel is complete and straight without interception. The gas guide beam 311 is provided with square holes at the contact position with the gas guide lower tank wall 312 for gas to pass through. The lower air guide tank wall 312 is of an aluminum profile structure, the inner side is communicated with the contact part of the air guide beam 311, and the rest positions are not provided with holes.

Optionally, a first air guide opening 3113 is provided at one end of the air guide beam 311, the first air guide opening 3113 is communicated with the first air guide cavity 3111, a second air guide opening 3121 is provided on an inner wall of the air guide lower wall 312, the second air guide opening 3121 is communicated with the second air guide cavity, the first air guide opening 3113 is correspondingly connected with the second air guide opening 3121, the first air guide opening 3111 and the second air guide cavity are mutually communicated through corresponding connection of the first air guide opening 3113 and the second air guide opening 3121, and the second air guide opening 3121 and the explosion-proof valve connection hole 3122 are staggered in a length direction of the air guide lower wall.

In the above embodiment, the design can prevent the explosion-proof valve 100 from being directly sprayed by the high-temperature melt beam generated by thermal runaway, which causes solid melt to accumulate in the explosion-proof valve 100, blocks the explosion-proof valve 100, and causes the consequences of incapability of opening or too small opening for exhausting and the like.

Optionally, the pressure release valve connection holes 3112 on two side walls of the air guide beam 311 are disposed opposite to each other, a spacer 3114 is disposed in the first air guide cavity 3111, and the spacer 3114 separates the pressure release valve connection holes 3112 disposed opposite to each other.

In the above embodiment, after the valve is sprayed on the single cell 200, the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure gas will not affect the opposite cell, and will not damage other electrical components of the battery pack. The plurality of openings can ensure that high-temperature and high-pressure gas can rapidly enter the first gas guide cavity 3111 when thermal runaway occurs, so that influence on other battery cells 200 in the battery pack is reduced.

Optionally, the air guide beam 311 and the air guide lower wall 312 are both made of aluminum profile materials or rolled steel.

In the above embodiment, the air guide beam 311 and the air guide lower wall 312 are preferably aluminum profiles, and the exhaust passage may be formed by a roll steel process or the like.

In yet another aspect, a vehicle is provided, including a safety battery pack according to any one of the above, the explosion-proof valve 100 is disposed behind the safety battery pack, and the notch 152 of the flow guiding protection cover 150 faces the ground.

In the above-described embodiment, the explosion-proof valve 100 is disposed at the rear in the vehicle traveling direction, which can reduce the influence of windward, wading, etc. on the explosion-proof valve during traveling, and also does not affect escape of personnel in the vehicle when thermal runaway occurs. The explosion-proof valves 100 are uniformly distributed on the air guide beam 311, so that an exhaust path can be shortened, and the swelling time of the battery can be reduced. Preferably, the diversion protection cover 150 is semi-cylindrical, so that the explosion-proof valve 100 can be effectively protected, and damage caused by splashing of foreign matters such as stones can be prevented; the opening of the flow guiding protective cover 150 faces the ground, and when the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged out of the explosion-proof valve 100, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is blocked by the flow guiding protective cover 150 and sprayed to the ground. During running of the vehicle, the influence on the following vehicle can be reduced, and the expansion of the accident can be prevented. As shown in fig. 13, when the battery cell 200 is out of control, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged out of the battery pack through the gas guide beam 311, the gas guide lower tank wall 312, the explosion-proof valve 100 and the gas guide protective cover 150, so that the influence on other battery cells in the battery pack and the external environment of the battery pack is reduced to the greatest extent; the explosion proof valve 100 is preferably disposed at the rear of the battery pack in the opposite direction of travel of the vehicle; the front part of the running direction of the vehicle can be arranged, and the exhaust channel needs to be correspondingly adjusted, so that the arrangement on two sides of the vehicle is avoided; the deflector guard 150 is preferably circular, square or other shape. The fixing mode of the diversion protection cover 150 is preferably that the diversion protection cover 100 is fixed, the diversion protection cover 150 and the explosion protection valve 100 are fixed on the battery box 300 by the same fixing bolt through the diversion protection cover 150, and the diversion protection cover can be alternatively clamped or adhered on the explosion protection valve 100. The deflector guard 150 is preferably circular, square or other shape. The fixing mode of the diversion protection cover 150 is preferably that the diversion protection cover 100 is fixed, the diversion protection cover 150 and the explosion protection valve 100 are fixed on the battery box 310 by the same fixing bolt through the diversion protection cover 150, and the diversion protection cover can be alternatively clamped or adhered on the explosion protection valve 100.

Although embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof valve for a battery pack, comprising:

a valve body (110) provided with an inner boss (111), an outer boss (112) and a central hole (113);

a limit table (121) is arranged at one end of the guide rod (120), and the guide rod can move in the central hole (113);

the other end of the guide rod (120) penetrates through the central hole (113) to be connected with the plugging plate (130);

an elastic piece (140), wherein one end of the elastic piece (140) is abutted against the limiting table (121), and the other end of the elastic piece is clamped between the inner boss (111) and the outer boss (112);

the locking mechanism is arranged on the guide rod (120) and the valve body (110), and when the guide rod (120) drives the plugging plate (130) to move away from the valve body (110) to a preset position, the locking mechanism is triggered to lock the position of the plugging plate (130), so that the plugging plate (130) cannot return to the original position along with the elastic force of the elastic piece (140).

2. An explosion-proof valve as set forth in claim 1, wherein said locking mechanism comprises:

the clamping groove (122) is formed in the position, close to the limiting table (121), of the guide rod (120);

the inner boss (111) is provided with a clamping hole (1111);

the clamping connection rod (114), the clamping connection rod (114) is provided with a rigid part (1141) and an elastic part (1142), the clamping connection rod (114) is penetrated into the clamping connection hole (1111), and one end of the elastic part (1142) is abutted against the outer boss (112);

the clamping rod (114) is arranged opposite to the clamping groove (122), the clamping rod (114) and the clamping groove (122) are provided with a separation position and a clamping position, when the clamping rod (114) and the clamping groove (122) are positioned at the separation position, one end of the rigid part (1141) is abutted and penetrated on the side wall of the guide rod (120) in the central hole (113), and at the moment, the elastic part (1142) is in an elastic compression state; as the guide rod (120) moves to the clamping position in the central hole (113), the clamping rod (114) is opposite to the clamping groove (122), and the elastic part (1142) releases the elastic force to enable part of the rigid part (1141) to enter the clamping groove (122), so that the guide rod (120) is fixed on the valve body (110), and the blocking plate (130) cannot return to the original position along with the elastic force of the elastic part (140).

3. An explosion-proof valve as set forth in claim 2, including:

the guide chute (123), the guide chute (123) is arranged on the guide rod (120), and the clamping groove (122) is arranged at one end of the guide chute (123) close to the limiting table (121);

guide and slide boss (115), guide and slide boss (115) set up in the inner wall of centre bore (113), joint hole (1111) set up in guide and slide boss (115) with the through-hole on interior boss (111), guide spout (123) with guide and slide boss (115) set up correspondingly.

4. An explosion-proof valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve body (110) is provided with a valve body connecting lug (116); also included is a deflector protection cap (150), the deflector protection cap (150) comprising:

the protective cover connecting lug (151), the protective cover connecting lug (151) is correspondingly arranged with the valve body connecting lug (116);

a notch (152) for guiding out the gas in the diversion protection cover (150) from the notch (152);

the explosion-proof valve (100) is fixed with the battery pack through bolts passing through the protective cover connecting lugs (151) and the valve body connecting lugs (116).

5. A safety battery pack having an explosion-proof valve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

the battery pack is internally provided with a plurality of battery cells (200), and the battery cells (200) are provided with pressure relief valves (210);

the battery box body (300) comprises an upper box body and a lower box body (310), and the upper box body is connected with the lower box body (310) in a sealing way; the battery box body (300) is provided with an exhaust channel, and the exhaust channel is connected with the pressure relief valve (210);

the explosion-proof valve (100), explosion-proof valve (100) set up in on the battery box (300), explosion-proof valve (100) with exhaust passage is connected.

6. The safety battery pack according to claim 5, wherein the lower case (310) includes:

the gas guide beam (311), a first gas guide cavity (3111) is arranged in the gas guide beam (311), a plurality of pressure relief valve connecting holes (3112) are formed in two side walls of the gas guide beam (311), the pressure relief valve connecting holes (3112) are communicated with the first gas guide cavity (3111), and the pressure relief valve connecting holes (3112) are correspondingly arranged with the pressure relief valves (210) of the battery cells (200);

the gas guide lower tank wall (312), a second gas guide cavity is arranged in the gas guide lower tank wall (312), the first gas guide cavity (3111) is communicated with the second gas guide cavity, a plurality of explosion-proof valve connecting holes (3122) are formed in the outer wall of the gas guide lower tank wall (312), the explosion-proof valve connecting holes are communicated with the second gas guide cavity, and the explosion-proof valve connecting holes (3122) are connected with the explosion-proof valve (100).

7. The safety battery pack according to claim 6, wherein a first air guide opening (3113) is formed at one end of the air guide beam (311), the first air guide opening (3113) is communicated with the first air guide chamber (3111), a second air guide opening (3121) is formed in the inner wall of the air guide lower wall (312), the second air guide opening (3121) is communicated with the second air guide chamber, the first air guide opening (3113) is correspondingly connected with the second air guide opening (3121), the first air guide chamber (3111) and the second air guide chamber are correspondingly connected with the second air guide opening (3121) through the first air guide opening (3113), and the second air guide opening (3121) and the explosion-proof valve connecting hole (3122) are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the air guide lower wall.

8. The safety battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the relief valve connection holes (3112) on both side walls of the gas guide beam (311) are disposed opposite to each other, a spacer (3114) is disposed in the first gas guide chamber (3111), and the spacer (3114) separates the relief valve connection holes (3112) disposed opposite to each other.

9. The safety battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the air guide beam (311) and the air guide lower wall (312) are both made of aluminum profile material or rolled steel.

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising a safety battery pack according to any one of claims 5 to 8, the explosion-proof valve (100) being disposed behind the safety battery pack, the notched portion (152) of the deflector protection cover (150) being oriented toward the ground.