CN219174443U

CN219174443U - Device for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste

Info

Publication number: CN219174443U
Application number: CN202223291156.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向劲遥; 杨枨钧; 韦耿; 唐豪杰; 刘行磊
Original assignee: Dongfang Boiler Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dongfang Boiler Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-08
Filing date: 2022-12-08
Publication date: 2023-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-08

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for continuous pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste, and discloses a device for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace cylinder body and a screw conveyer, wherein the screw conveyer comprises a rotating shaft, two ends of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body are respectively provided with a material inlet and a pyrolysis material outlet, the pyrolysis material outlet comprises a pyrolysis gas outlet and a residue outlet, the rotating shaft of the screw conveyer extends out of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body and is supported by a rotating shaft support, the part of the rotating shaft penetrating through the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body is designed into a hollow pipeline capable of being filled with heating gas as a heating pipe, a chain-shaped knocking structure is arranged in the heating pipe, a heating gas chamber is arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body, and two ends of the heating pipe are communicated with the heating gas chamber through a sleeve structure with circumferential vent holes. The beneficial effects are as follows: the material pyrolysis is more complete, the thermal efficiency is high, the coking phenomenon in the furnace can be relieved, and the leakage is less.

Description

Device for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a device capable of carrying out continuous pyrolysis carbonization treatment on solid waste.

Background

Pyrolysis of solid waste refers to the process in which organic and inorganic matter in the solid waste are thermally cracked in an anaerobic or anoxic environment to produce two products, a char-rich solid and a fuel gas. The pyrolysis technology is widely used as a way for treating the solid waste, and the pyrolysis treatment of the solid waste has the advantage of simultaneously meeting the requirements of reduction, harmlessness and recycling. There are two general categories of devices for accomplishing pyrolysis of solid waste, one being batch processing and one being continuous processing, the latter having become increasingly mainstream.

The heat transfer mode of the continuous pyrolysis reactor used at present mainly adopts dividing wall type heat exchange, the material to be treated is propelled in a main channel by self gravity or external force and exchanges heat with a heating medium (generally gas) in a heating pipe at a metal wall surface so as to realize pyrolysis reaction of the material. The problems affecting the normal and continuous operation of the pyrolysis reactor are mainly as follows: 1. the reactor has unreasonable structural design, uneven heat transfer or incomplete pyrolysis; 2. coking and blocking are easy to occur in the reactor; 3. the heating gas leaks.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to make the operation of the pyrolysis reactor more stable and efficient, it is necessary to analyze the cause of the specific problem and further perform targeted optimization structurally. The utility model aims to provide a device for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste, which can improve pyrolysis effect.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a device for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste, including pyrolysis oven barrel and screw conveyer, screw conveyer includes the pivot, and the both ends of pyrolysis oven barrel are provided with material entry and pyrolysis material export respectively, and the pyrolysis material export includes pyrolysis gas outlet and residue discharge port, and screw conveyer's pivot stretches out to the pyrolysis oven barrel outside and is supported by the pivot support, and the part design that the pivot runs through the pyrolysis oven barrel is as the cavity pipeline that can let in heating gas is as the heating pipe, and the outside of pyrolysis oven barrel is provided with heating gas cavity. The external medium-high temperature heating gas that is used for pyrolysis that provides divide into two ways and carries out heating dry distillation processing to the material that gets into in the pyrolysis oven, and first heating channel is located the outside of pyrolysis oven barrel, and second heating channel is located the central authorities of pyrolysis oven barrel, is the pivot of screw feeder simultaneously also, and the heat transfer mode in the pyrolysis oven includes the heat conduction of heating cavity and pyrolysis oven wall to and the radiant heat transfer of central heating pipe and inside material, and the material direction flows through along two heating channels is heated to the contrary, realizes energy cascade utilization for the material pyrolysis is complete and thermal efficiency is high. The heating pipes and the heating air of the heating air chamber can be uniformly introduced from a group of air inlets and air outlets or respectively introduced.

For simplifying the structure, the heating air chamber is provided with a heating air inlet and a heating air outlet, and two ends of the heating pipe are communicated with the heating air chamber: the heating pipe is characterized in that a heating pipe inlet sleeve and a heating pipe outlet sleeve are arranged on the rotating shaft, and heating pipe ventilation windows are arranged at two ends of the heating pipe and are communicated with sleeve ventilation openings respectively arranged on the heating pipe inlet sleeve and the heating pipe outlet sleeve.

In order to reduce leakage, the heating pipe inlet sleeve and the heating pipe outlet sleeve are in sealing connection with the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body and the rotating shaft by adopting the following structures: one end is welded with the pyrolysis furnace cylinder, a sliding sealing ring is arranged between the other end and the rotating shaft, and the sliding sealing ring is used for preventing external cold air from leaking into the heating pipe. Thus, the sealing structure of the whole pyrolysis device only needs two parts, namely the heating pipe and the rotary seal at the sleeve, and the leakage problem is almost completely solved.

And a heating gas channel baffle plate is arranged in the heating air cavity to increase the flow length of heating gas in the heating air cavity, so that the heating gas can exchange heat with the materials in the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body fully.

The heating air chamber is formed by enclosing the outer wall of the heating air chamber arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body with at least part of the wall of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body, the heating pipe inlet sleeve and the heating pipe outlet sleeve, obviously, the wall of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body should be a heat transfer wall, and the outer wall of the heating air chamber should be a heat preservation wall, so that more heat can be conducted to materials in the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body, and heat loss is reduced.

Considering that the materials in the pyrolysis furnace cylinder are mainly existed in the lower half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body due to the action of gravity if not fully filled, the lower half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body is used as a part of wall of the heating air chamber, the residue discharge outlet is connected in the lower half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body and extends out of the outer wall of the heating air chamber, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected in the upper half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body, obviously, the wall of the upper half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body is a heat preservation wall. That is, the upper half cylinder of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder is mainly used for heat preservation and heat insulation, and the lower half cylinder is mainly used as a material passage and a heat transfer wall surface.

The outer wall of the heating air cavity is supported and fixed by the wall support, so that the whole structure of the device is more stable, and the wall support can be more than one.

The chain-shaped knocking structure is connected to the outer wall of the heating pipe in the pyrolyzer barrel, the length of the chain-shaped knocking structure meets the requirement that the free end of the chain-shaped knocking structure can extend to the inner wall of the pyrolyzer barrel, the chain-shaped knocking structure rotates along with the rotating shaft, the chain-shaped knocking structure is in circular contact with the blades of the screw conveyor and the inner wall surface of the pyrolyzer, continuous knocking and scraping are realized, and coking of the inner surface of the pyrolyzer is prevented.

The inside of heating pipe is provided with the vortex ring, the vortex ring is fixed in the inside of heating pipe by the vortex ring support column to increase the flow length of heating gas in the heating pipe, be favorable to heating gas and pyrolysis oven barrel interior material abundant heat transfer.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the material pyrolysis is more complete, the thermal efficiency is high, the coking phenomenon in the furnace can be relieved, and the leakage is less.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to the present utility model.

FIG. 2 is a left side view (with additional cutaway positions shown) of the pyrolysis furnace drum A-A of the present utility model.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the junction of the outlet sleeve of the heating tube and the pyrolysis furnace barrel in the present utility model.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the junction of the inlet sleeve of the heating tube and the pyrolysis furnace barrel in the present utility model.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a heating pipe according to the present utility model.

Fig. 6 is a partial (sleeve vent) three-dimensional view of a heating tube sleeve in accordance with the present utility model.

Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional view of a portion of a heating tube (heating tube louver) in accordance with the present utility model.

Marked in the figure as: the device comprises a 1-pyrolysis furnace cylinder, a 2-screw conveyor, a 3-heating pipe, a 4-storage bin, a 5-material inlet, a 6-heating pipe outlet sleeve, a 7-rotation driving device, an 8-rotation shaft, a 9-heating gas outlet, a 10-rotation shaft support, an 11-heating gas chamber, a 12-heating gas chamber outer wall, a 13-chain rod structure, a 14-heating gas channel, a 15-wall support, a 16-heating gas channel partition plate, a 17-heat transfer wall, a 18-residue discharge outlet, a 19-heating gas inlet, a 20-heating pipe inlet sleeve, a 21-pyrolysis gas outlet, a 22-heating gas chamber support column, a 23-rotation sealing ring, a 24-welding point, a 25-sleeve vent, a 26-turbulence ring, a 27-turbulence ring support column and a 28-heating pipe vent window.

Detailed Description

The utility model will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.

Examples:

as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the device for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste mainly comprises a pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 and a screw conveyer 2, wherein the screw conveyer 2 comprises a rotating shaft 8, the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 is fixedly arranged, a material inlet 5 and a pyrolysis material outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the screw conveyer 2, the pyrolysis material outlet comprises a pyrolysis gas outlet 21 and a residue outlet 18, the residue outlet 18 is connected to the lower half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1, the upper half cylinder of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 is mainly used for heat preservation and heat insulation, heat dissipation outwards is reduced, the lower half cylinder of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 is used as a heat transfer wall 17, the heat transfer wall 17 is made of materials with smaller thermal resistance, heat is guaranteed to be efficiently transferred into the pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis gas outlet 21 is connected to the upper half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 and is connected with a storage bin 4, the rotating shaft 8 of the screw conveyer 2 extends out of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 and is supported by a rotating shaft support 10, the rotating shaft 8 is connected with a rotating driving device 7 which is arranged at two ends, the rotating shaft support 10 rotates, the rotating shaft 8 penetrates through the lower half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 to be designed into a hollow pipeline which can be filled with a heating pipe wall 3, and meanwhile, the heating pipe 3 needs to be processed by the heating pipe 3. The lower half outside cladding of pyrolysis oven barrel 1 is provided with heating air chamber 11, heating air chamber 11 is furnished with heating air inlet 19 and heating air outlet 9, heating air inlet 19 sets up in material outlet one side, heating air outlet 9 sets up in material inlet one side, realize energy cascade utilization, heating air chamber 11 is enclosed by heating air chamber outer wall 12 that arranges in pyrolysis oven barrel 1 outside and the wall of pyrolysis oven barrel 1 lower half, heating pipe import sleeve 20 and heating pipe export sleeve 6 and is formed, the residue discharge port 18 stretches out outside heating air chamber outer wall 12, heating air chamber outer wall 12 is supported fixedly by wall support 15. The heating gas in the device is subjected to heat exchange with the materials in two paths, so that the materials are completely pyrolyzed and have high heat efficiency.

As shown in fig. 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7, the heating pipe inlet sleeve 20 and the heating pipe outlet sleeve 6 are arranged on the rotating shaft 8, heating pipe ventilation windows 28 are arranged at two ends of the heating pipe 3, the positions of the heating pipe ventilation windows 28 correspond to and are mutually communicated with the positions of sleeve ventilation openings 25 respectively arranged on the heating pipe inlet sleeve 20 and the heating pipe outlet sleeve 6, and the two sleeve structures are identical but are opposite in arrangement direction, so that two ends of the heating pipe 3 are communicated with the heating air cavity 11 and can share the heating air inlet 19 and the heating air outlet 9 with the heating air cavity 11, and the structure is simplified. The heating gas enters from the sleeve vent hole 25 at the lower part of the heating pipe inlet sleeve 20, enters into the heating pipe 3 through the heating pipe vent window 28 on the heating pipe 3 which rotates continuously, and enters into the heating pipe chamber 11 through the heating pipe vent window 28 at the other side and the sleeve vent hole 25 respectively after the solid waste materials are heated and dry distilled in the pyrolysis furnace, and finally is discharged from the heating gas outlet 9 together with the heating gas from the heating gas channel 14.

As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, one ends of the heating pipe inlet sleeve 20 and the heating pipe outlet sleeve 6 are welded on the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1, and a rotary sealing ring 23 is arranged between the other end and the rotating shaft 8, so that the whole device has good tightness, heating gas is not easy to leak, heat energy of the heating gas is fully utilized, and pyrolysis is more complete.

As shown in fig. 1, the heating air chamber 11 is internally provided with heating air channels 14 and heating air channel partition plates 16, the heating air channel partition plates 16 are alternately arranged on opposite inner wall surfaces of the heating air chamber 11, as shown in fig. 5, the inside of the heating pipe 3 is provided with a plurality of turbulence rings 26 which are arranged at intervals, the intervals between the adjacent turbulence rings 26 can be the same or different for manufacturing turbulence reinforced heat transfer, each turbulence ring 26 is fixed by turbulence ring support columns 27, at least three turbulence ring support columns 27 are columns parallel to the heating pipe 3, and the turbulence ring support columns are fixed on two end surfaces of the heating pipe 3.

As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of chain-shaped knocking structures are arranged on the outer wall of the heating pipe 3 in the pyrolyzer cylinder 1 at intervals, in this embodiment, the chain-rod structure 13 is specifically formed by metal chains and metal rods which are connected by staggered welding, in order to prevent knotting, the metal chains and the metal rods are not suitable to be too long, one end of a single chain-rod structure 13 is welded on the outer wall of the heating pipe 3, the other end is a free end, and the length of the chain-rod structure 13 meets that the chain-rod structure can at least freely extend to the inner wall of the pyrolyzer cylinder 1. The chain rod structure 13 can continuously strike and scratch the blades of the screw conveyor and the inner wall surface of the pyrolysis furnace along with rotation, and plays a role in preventing the inner surface of the pyrolysis furnace from coking.

In the implementation process, solid waste materials piled in the bin 4 enter the barrel body through the material inlet 5, are pushed forward by the screw conveyor 2 and undergo pyrolysis reaction, and finally gas products are discharged and collected through the pyrolysis gas outlet 21, and solid products are discharged and collected through the residue discharge outlet 18. The blade of screw conveyer 2 is arranged on the surface of heating pipe 3, rotates with heating pipe 3 at a certain rotational speed, and the blade tip of screw conveyer 2 and the inside clearance of pyrolysis oven barrel 1 should not be too big, and the too big clearance can cause thick coking and influence the transportation of material.

In the implementation process, the heating gas enters through a heating gas inlet 19 arranged at the front end plate of the heating chamber 11, and the heating gas can be medium-low temperature flue gas, water vapor or other non-corrosive gas, and the heating temperature is usually 400-600 ℃. The heating gas has a traveling direction opposite to the conveying direction of the solid waste material, and ensures the efficient pyrolysis reaction in a countercurrent mode.

In addition to the above structure described in this embodiment, in actual operation, according to the material throughput and the actual capacity of the apparatus, the specific structure of the heating chamber 11 of the apparatus is proposed as follows:

(1) If the solid waste material for pyrolysis carbonization has higher fluidization degree (such as sludge) or higher density, and the solid waste volume treated in the furnace is not more than half of the volume of the pyrolysis furnace, it is recommended to adopt the form of the pyrolysis furnace shown in fig. 1, namely, the heating gas chamber 11 has a semi-cylindrical structure;

(2) If the solid waste material for pyrolysis carbonization has a larger porosity (e.g. electronic waste, straw) or a larger volume, and the solid waste volume treated in the furnace may exceed half the volume of the pyrolysis furnace, the heating air chamber 11 may be configured in a cylindrical structure, and the pyrolysis furnace cylinder 1 is completely covered (not shown in the figure).

The embodiment can solve the problems of uneven heat transfer, blockage and leakage in the pyrolysis reactor and the like of the existing pyrolysis furnace, and realize the efficient and stable pyrolysis utilization of the solid waste.

Claims

1. A device for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste, including pyrolysis oven barrel (1) and screw conveyer (2), screw conveyer (2) are provided with material entry (5) and pyrolysis material export respectively including pyrolysis gas outlet (21) and residue discharge port (18) including pivot (8) of pyrolysis oven barrel (1), and pivot (8) of screw conveyer (2) stretch out to outside pyrolysis oven barrel (1) and are supported by pivot support (10), characterized by: the part of the rotating shaft (8) penetrating through the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body (1) is designed to be a hollow pipeline capable of being filled with heating air to serve as a heating pipe (3), and a heating air chamber (11) is arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body (1).

2. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: the heating air cavity (11) is provided with a heating air inlet (19) and a heating air outlet (9), and two ends of the heating pipe (3) are communicated with the heating air cavity (11): the heating pipe is characterized in that a heating pipe inlet sleeve (20) and a heating pipe outlet sleeve (6) are arranged on the rotating shaft (8), heating pipe ventilation windows (28) are arranged at two ends of the heating pipe (3), and the heating pipe ventilation windows are communicated with sleeve ventilation ports (25) respectively arranged on the heating pipe inlet sleeve (20) and the heating pipe outlet sleeve (6).

3. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to claim 2, wherein: the heating pipe inlet sleeve (20) and the heating pipe outlet sleeve (6) are in sealing connection with the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body (1) and the rotating shaft (8) through the following structures: one end of the rotary sealing ring is welded with the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body (1), and a rotary sealing ring (23) is arranged between the other end of the rotary sealing ring and the rotating shaft (8).

4. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: a heating air channel baffle plate (16) is arranged in the heating air cavity (11).

5. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: the heating air cavity (11) is formed by enclosing a heating air cavity outer wall (12) arranged on the outer side of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder (1) with at least part of the wall of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder (1), a heating pipe inlet sleeve (20) and a heating pipe outlet sleeve (6).

6. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to claim 5, wherein: the lower half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body (1) is used as a part of wall of the heating chamber (11), the residue discharge outlet (18) is connected to the lower half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body (1) and extends out of the outer wall (12) of the heating chamber, and the pyrolysis gas outlet (21) is connected to the upper half part of the pyrolysis furnace cylinder body (1).

7. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to claim 5, wherein: the outer wall (12) of the heating air cavity is supported and fixed by a wall surface support (15).

8. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the outer wall of the heating pipe (3) positioned in the pyrolysis furnace cylinder (1) is connected with a chain-shaped knocking structure, and the length of the chain-shaped knocking structure meets the requirement that the free end of the chain-shaped knocking structure can extend to the inner wall of the pyrolysis device cylinder (1).

9. The apparatus for anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization treatment of solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the inside of heating pipe (3) is provided with vortex ring (26), vortex ring (26) are fixed in the inside of heating pipe (3) by vortex ring support column (27).