CN219130867U - EDU hand-held electric drive automatic feeding drilling equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses EDU hand-held electric drive automatic feeding drilling equipment in the field of hand-held drilling equipment, which comprises a main shaft, a rotating mechanism and a feeding mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism and the feeding mechanism are respectively used for driving the main shaft to rotate and feed, the feeding mechanism comprises a sliding seat which is positioned at the tail end of the main shaft and can drive the main shaft to reciprocate along the axis direction of the main shaft, a pressure sensor is arranged in the sliding seat, a thrust bearing is arranged on the front surface of the pressure sensor, one side of the thrust bearing, which is close to the pressure sensor, is abutted to the sensing surface of the pressure sensor, and one side, which is far away from the pressure sensor, is contacted with a step surface on the main shaft. By arranging an independent feeding system and detecting the feeding pressure of the main shaft by utilizing a pressure sensor, the linear pressure of the main shaft can be directly obtained, the system can calculate the type of the interlayer material according to the pressure, and then the optimal rotating speed and feeding speed are matched and distributed to the rotating mechanism and the feeding mechanism, so that the accurate control and the timely adjustment of the hole making parameters are realized, and the hole making quality is improved.

Description

EDU hand-held electric drive automatic feeding drilling equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of handheld drilling equipment, in particular to EDU handheld electric drive automatic feeding drilling equipment.

Background

EDU drilling equipment is drilling equipment that the main shaft of hand-held electricity driven can automatic feed, because drilling equipment's main shaft can automatic feed, and equipment can keep motionless in the drilling process, consequently often uses in the higher field of accuracy and the efficiency requirement to the hole. Similarly, an ADU drilling apparatus is provided, except that the ADU is driven by compressed air. In the aircraft assembly process, some places are limited by space, holes are formed by using handheld drilling equipment, and the aircraft assembly has extremely high precision requirements on drilling, spot facing and the like, so drilling equipment such as EDU, ADU and the like are commonly used in aircraft manufacturers.

An increasingly growing number of conditions exist in the aerospace industry where multiple different materials are stacked together to form a thick sandwich and where a knife to finish hole is required. The materials of the interlayer are typically aluminum, composite materials and titanium, which are each of a variety of different grades. In general, the technological parameters of hole making (spindle rotation speed, feed speed, oil mist lubrication amount, etc.) of different materials have obvious differences, and the technological parameters of hole making of different brands of the same material may also have some differences. These parameters are related to pore size, hardness, strength, plasticity, characteristics (heat generation, flammability, chip size), etc. of the material, and typically require extensive process experimentation to determine the pore-forming process parameters. Therefore, in order to improve the hole making quality, the feeding force of the current stage of the cutter point and the material of the current interlayer need to be accurately mastered, namely, the feeding force is monitored in real time. The existing ADU is difficult to control the rotating speed and the feeding speed by being driven by compressed air, and different hole making process parameters of the switching interlayer cannot be automatically identified, so that only one hole making process parameter can be basically adopted to finish hole making once, and the situation of multiple material interlayers cannot be dealt with.

At present, some EDU devices are also available on the market, most of the EDU devices adopt a motor current detection method to identify the feeding pressure, and whether the feeding force is changed or not is judged mainly by monitoring the change of the current of a feeding motor, and the specific principle is that a servo motor drives a ball screw to realize the feeding of a main shaft, and the torque generated by the motor is essentially converted into the feeding force, and the larger the current of the motor is, the larger the generated torque is; meanwhile, the feeding speed is controlled by the rotating speed of the motor, and the servo motor always maintains a certain rotating speed at a certain feeding speed. When the perforation is performed to switch between the two sandwich materials, there is usually a significant change in the feed force, which results in a change in the current of the motor. So that the tip feed force detection can be realized by monitoring the current of the feed motor. The method has two main disadvantages, namely, the measurement mode of the motor current belongs to indirect measurement, the relative precision is lower, the method is not applicable to occasions with higher measurement sensitivity requirements, for example, the feeding force performance of aluminum and composite materials may not be different, and the motor current mode may be difficult to judge; secondly, the detection result is easily affected by other environmental factors, such as vibration generated in mechanical transmission, loss of torque caused by the transmission mechanism, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects that the prior ADU and EDU drilling equipment cannot accurately measure the feeding pressure of a main shaft, and the like, the utility model aims to solve the technical problems that: an EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus is provided that can accurately detect spindle feed pressure.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the EDU hand-held electric drive automatic feeding drilling equipment comprises a main shaft, and a rotating mechanism and a feeding mechanism which respectively drive the main shaft to rotate and feed, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a driving module and a pressure detection module, the driving module comprises a sliding seat which is positioned at the tail end of the main shaft and can drive the main shaft to reciprocate along the axis direction of the main shaft, the pressure detection module comprises a pressure sensor arranged in the sliding seat, through holes for the main shaft to pass through are formed in the sliding seat and the pressure sensor, a thrust bearing is arranged on the front surface of the pressure sensor, a ball bearing is arranged on the back surface of the sliding seat, the main shaft sequentially passes through and is fixed with the thrust bearing and the ball bearing, one side, close to the pressure sensor, of the thrust bearing is abutted against the sensing surface of the pressure sensor, and one side, far away from the pressure sensor, is contacted with a step surface on the main shaft. In the feeding process of the main shaft, the reverse acting force born by the main shaft can be transmitted to the pressure sensor through the thrust bearing, the deformation of the pressure sensor in the detection process is extremely small, and the deformation is smaller than the axial clearance of the ball bearing, so that the axial force of the main shaft can not be transmitted to the ball bearing, and the feeding pressure can be directly obtained through the pressure sensor. Then, the system can calculate the interlayer material according to the feeding pressure, and then the interlayer material is distributed to the rotating mechanism and the feeding mechanism by matching with proper rotating speed and feeding speed, so that the hole making quality is improved. The dual-bearing structure of the thrust bearing and the ball bearing is adopted, so that the concentricity of the main shaft and the pressure sensor can be ensured, the perpendicularity of the sensing surface of the pressure sensor and the axis of the main shaft is indirectly ensured, and the measurement accuracy of the pressure sensor during the operation of the main shaft is improved.

When the sliding seat is installed, the thrust bearing needs to be ensured to be in close contact with the pressure sensor and the main shaft, and the measurement accuracy is affected if an installation clearance exists. Therefore, it is preferable that the end of the main shaft is provided with an external thread, the main shaft passes through the ball bearing and then presses the whole sliding seat on the main shaft through the lock nut, and a precompression is generated between the thrust bearing and the step surface and the pressure sensor. The lock nut sequentially extrudes the ball bearing, the mounting shell and the pressure sensor, so that two thrust washers of the thrust bearing are mutually pressed, and the mounting compactness and the measuring precision are ensured. Of course, the system needs to zero out the pre-pressure during the measurement or deduct it from the calculation.

For the driving module, various transmission mechanisms such as a pneumatic rod, a hydraulic rod, a linear motor, etc. may be employed, but in order to improve the control accuracy, a screw-nut transmission mechanism which is smooth in transmission and easy to control is preferable. The driving module comprises a feeding motor and a screw rod, the screw rod is rotatably arranged on a mounting frame of the equipment, one end of the screw rod, which is close to the feeding motor, is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the feeding motor through a belt, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with a mounting shell through a nut guide sleeve to form a screw rod nut transmission mechanism. The feeding motor controls the rotating speed according to the pressure signal fed back by the pressure sensor, so as to control the feeding force of the main shaft.

Further, the mounting frame is also provided with a magnetic grating arranged along the axial direction of the main shaft, and the side surface of the sliding seat is provided with a magnetic grating reading head corresponding to the magnetic grating; and a limit switch is arranged on the mounting frame and corresponds to the limit position of the sliding seat moving forwards and backwards, and a reading target of the limit switch is arranged on the sliding seat. For the feeding amount of the main shaft, the current common use is to read the data of the rotation position of the motor through an encoder built in the servo motor for conversion, and the accuracy is affected by mechanical transmission efficiency, installation errors and other environmental factors. The utility model adopts the external high-resolution encoder and the reading head to directly and accurately read the position data of the main shaft, thereby ensuring the high-precision control of feeding. The limit switch is used for limiting the moving range of the sliding seat, and when the sliding seat is fed to the position of the limit switch, the main shaft stops feeding, so that equipment damage caused by exceeding the moving range is avoided.

The rotating mechanism comprises a rotating motor and a transmission module, the transmission module comprises a main shaft guide sleeve which is in sliding connection with a main shaft, a transmission wheel is arranged in the middle of the main shaft guide sleeve, two ends of the transmission wheel are in rotating connection with a frame of the equipment through two bearings, a sliding groove is formed in the surface of the main shaft along the axis direction of the main shaft, a flat key which is in sliding connection with the sliding groove is arranged in the main shaft guide sleeve, and the transmission wheel is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the rotating motor through a belt. The running process of the rotating mechanism is that the rotating motor drives the driving wheel to rotate, and the main shaft guide sleeve is fixed with the driving wheel, so that the main shaft guide sleeve rotates along with the driving wheel, and the flat key in the main shaft guide sleeve drives the main shaft to rotate. Because the main shaft is in sliding connection with the flat key, the main shaft can still slide relative to the main shaft guide sleeve in the rotating process, so that the rotation and the feeding of the main shaft can be realized at the same time.

In order to protect the tool nose of the drilling equipment and improve the drilling quality, the utility model is also provided with a micro lubrication system, wherein the micro lubrication system comprises an oil storage tank, a lubrication pipe, a pressure regulating valve, a liquid electromagnetic valve, a one-way valve and a high-frequency electromagnetic valve, the air inlet end of the oil storage tank is connected with an air source through the pressure regulating valve, the liquid electromagnetic valve and the one-way valve are sequentially arranged at the oil outlet end of the oil storage tank, the inlet of the high-frequency electromagnetic valve is connected with the air source, and the outlet of the high-frequency electromagnetic valve and the outlet of the one-way valve are connected with the lubrication pipe after being gathered through a three-way pipe; the main shaft is of a hollow structure, and the lubricating tube is inserted into the main shaft in a sliding manner. The micro lubrication system is divided into two parts, wherein one part is an oil way, firstly, a continuous small air pressure is applied to an oil storage tank by an air source and a pressure regulating valve, so that the oil storage tank can always keep oil output, and then, the opening and closing time is controlled by a high-frequency liquid electromagnetic valve to control the oil output in unit time; the other part is an air path, and the opening and closing time is controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic valve to control the air outlet quantity in unit time. The lubricating oil and the gas can form high-quality mixed oil mist after being mixed by the tee joint, the oil mist enters the main shaft through the lubricating pipe and then is sprayed out from the tool nose, and the tool nose is lubricated. In order to form oil mist, the pressure of the gas path is higher than that of the oil path, so that a one-way valve is arranged behind the liquid electromagnetic valve in order to prevent the oil mist from entering the oil path.

In the drilling process, the main shaft is automatically fed, and mobile equipment is not needed, so that the position accuracy and stability of the equipment are ensured to be key factors for improving the drilling quality. The utility model also comprises an expansion chuck, wherein the expansion chuck comprises a main shaft sleeve and an elastic chuck which are coaxially arranged with a main shaft, the front end of the main shaft sleeve is provided with a conical head, one end of the conical head, which is far away from the main shaft sleeve, is smaller than the other end, the elastic chuck is slidably sleeved on the conical head and can expand along the radial direction, the inner wall of the elastic chuck is a conical surface matched with the conical head, the main shaft sleeve is also provided with a pull rod, and a reciprocating mechanism which can drive the pull rod to move forwards and backwards along the axial direction of the main shaft sleeve, and one end, which is close to the main shaft sleeve, of the elastic chuck is connected with the pull rod; the side wall of the smaller end of the conical head is provided with a plurality of air inlets, and the side wall of the spindle sleeve close to the conical head is provided with a vacuum connector communicated with the conical head. When the expansion chuck is required to be inserted into the drill plate, the reciprocating mechanism drives the pull rod to move towards the conical head, so that the expansion chuck is in an unexpanded state and can be smoothly inserted into the guide hole of the drill plate; when the drill plate is required to be clamped, the pull rod moves in the opposite direction, the expansion chuck is pulled towards the direction of the main shaft sleeve, and the expansion chuck is opened under the action of the inclined plane of the conical head, so that the outer side wall of the elastic chuck is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the guide hole of the drill plate, and the expansion chuck is fixed with the drill plate. Then, along with the feeding of the main shaft, the cutter can pass through the conical head of the expansion chuck to perform hole making operation. An air inlet is arranged on the conical head, so that the chip sucking device can suck away the drill cuttings from the vacuum connector.

Although the concentricity of the elastic chuck and the conical head in the moving process can be ensured by the conical surface contact between the elastic chuck and the conical head, the elastic chuck is likely to deform due to uneven stress when the elastic chuck is pulled by the pull rod, so that the elastic chuck is uniformly stressed, the pull rod comprises two pull rods which are respectively arranged at two sides of the spindle sleeve, one end of each of the two pull rods, which is close to the elastic chuck, is provided with a sliding sleeve which is in sliding connection with the spindle sleeve, and one end of the elastic chuck, which is close to the pull rod, is connected to the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is in sliding connection with the spindle sleeve, and the pulling force of the pull rod can be uniformly dispersed to the cross section of the elastic chuck, so that the uniform stress of each part of the elastic chuck is ensured, and the local deformation is avoided. For the connection mode of the elastic chuck and the sliding sleeve, the utility model also provides a locking ring, wherein the inner wall of the locking ring is provided with an internal thread, the outer side wall of the sliding sleeve is provided with an external thread, one end of the elastic chuck, which is close to the main shaft sleeve, is provided with a positioning ring, the locking ring is in threaded connection with the sliding sleeve, and the positioning ring is tightly pressed on the end face of the sliding sleeve. Because the two ends of the elastic chuck are required to expand, the elastic chuck cannot be completely fixed on the sliding sleeve, and the axial compression mode of the locking ring is adopted, so that the axial positioning of the elastic chuck can be ensured by reasonably controlling the compression force, and the expansion of the elastic chuck along the radial direction is not influenced.

For the reciprocating mechanism, various structural forms can be adopted, such as a hydraulic rod, a pneumatic rod or a linear motor which stretches along the axial direction of the spindle sleeve, and the like, so that the quick action of the elastic chuck can be realized, and the control is relatively convenient. However, considering the arrangement form of each component of the drilling equipment and the factors such as difficult overlarge moment of the pull rod, the utility model provides a preferred scheme that the reciprocating mechanism comprises an air cylinder, a push plate and a shell, wherein the air cylinder is fixed below a main shaft sleeve through a connecting frame, the lower end of the push plate is connected with the telescopic end of the air cylinder, the upper end of the push plate is provided with an inclined strip hole, one end of the pull rod, which is far away from the elastic chuck, is arranged in the strip hole in a sliding way through a sliding pin, the lower end of the shell is fixed with the connecting frame, a sliding groove for the push plate to slide is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, a guide hole for the sliding pin to pass through is arranged at the position of the side surface of the shell corresponding to the sliding pin, and the length direction of the guide hole is consistent with the axial direction of the main shaft sleeve. The push plate can drive the pull rod to move back and forth along the axial direction of the spindle sleeve through the strip hole in the process of lifting along with the telescopic end of the air cylinder. Because the moving distance of the elastic chuck is not large, the requirement of the elastic chuck on the back and forth movement can be met by adopting a small double-acting air cylinder, and meanwhile, the elastic chuck has a relatively flat and small overall structure, occupies less space and can ensure the compactness of the structure. The direction of force is changed by utilizing the cooperation of the push plate, the strip hole, the guide hole and the sliding pin, the structure is ingenious, and the push plate is less influenced by moment.

The handle of a conventional hand-held drilling apparatus is typically provided at the tail portion, and is operated by holding the apparatus back and forth with two hands when in use. However, the mass distribution of the front and rear ends of the device is uneven due to the structure of the device, and the front and rear holding mode is not easy to keep stable. Therefore, the utility model arranges a handle on two sides of the equipment rack, the handle is positioned at the center of gravity of the whole equipment, and the control switch of the equipment is arranged at the position on the rack close to the handle. When the device is used, the two handles are held by two hands, so that an operator can save more labor and stabilize the device when picking up the device, and the control switch is arranged near the handles, so that the operation is convenient.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. by arranging an independent feeding system and detecting the feeding pressure of the main shaft by utilizing a pressure sensor, the linear pressure of the main shaft can be directly obtained, all parts are in close contact, errors caused by gaps among all transmission mechanisms and inertia moment caused by acceleration and deceleration are avoided, and the measuring precision is high;

2. the dual-bearing structure of the thrust bearing and the ball bearing is adopted between the main shaft and the sliding seat, so that concentricity of the main shaft and the pressure sensor can be ensured, the perpendicularity between the sensing surface of the pressure sensor and the axis of the main shaft is indirectly ensured, and the measurement precision of the pressure sensor during operation of the main shaft is further improved;

3. the system can calculate the type of the interlayer material according to the feeding pressure of the main shaft, then the optimal rotating speed and the optimal feeding speed are matched and distributed to the rotating mechanism and the feeding mechanism, and the feedback is in a real-time state, so that the accurate control and the timely adjustment of the hole making parameters can be realized, and the hole making quality is improved;

4. in the process of feeding the main shaft, the encoder is utilized to carry out secondary feedback on the position of the main shaft, so that the feeding amount of the main shaft can be accurately controlled, and the feeding pressure fed back by the pressure sensor is matched with the working condition of countersinking with very high requirements on feeding precision and surface quality;

5. the precise feedback of the feeding pressure and the feeding quantity is realized, and the control of the pecking drill can be realized, so that the chip breaking effect is realized, the chip is prevented from scratching the hole wall, the smoothness is improved, and the chip suction is also facilitated; meanwhile, the cooling and lubrication are facilitated, the heat dissipation of the drill bit and materials can be effectively improved, the drilling resistance is reduced, and the service life of the tool is prolonged;

6. the trace lubricating oil system can continuously generate high-quality oil mist to lubricate the tool nose through the matching of the oil way and the air way, so that the cooling effect can be achieved, the loss of the tool can be effectively reduced, and the surface quality of drilling holes and countersinks can be improved;

7. the expansion chuck formed by the elastic chuck and the conical head is used for clamping the guide hole on the drilling template, so that the position accuracy and stability of drilling equipment and the concentricity of the main shaft and the guide hole can be ensured, and the position error of drilling is reduced;

8. through set up a handle respectively in the left and right sides of focus around equipment, can make operating personnel more laborsaving when taking up equipment, guarantee the stability of equipment more easily, and then reduce the influence of human factor to the hole making precision.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the structure of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the feed mechanism of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rotary mechanism and feed mechanism of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the rotary mechanism of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a rotary mechanism of the present utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an encoder arrangement of the present utility model;

FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the micro lubrication system of the present utility model;

FIG. 9 is a pneumatic connection diagram of the micro lubrication system of the present utility model;

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the structure of the expansion collet of the present utility model;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an expansion collet of the present utility model;

the drawing shows that the device comprises a 1-spindle, a 2-rotating mechanism, a 3-feeding mechanism, a 4-mounting frame, a 5-rack, a 6-micro lubrication system, a 7-expansion chuck, an 8-handle, a 9-drill plate, an 11-step surface, a 12-sliding groove, a 21-rotating motor, a 22-spindle guide sleeve, a 23-driving wheel, a 24-bearing, a 25-flat key, a 31-sliding seat, a 32-pressure sensor, a 33-thrust bearing, a 34-ball bearing, a 35-locking nut, a 36-feeding motor, a 37-screw rod, a 38-magnetic grid, a 39-magnetic grid reading head, a 41-limit switch, a 61-oil storage tank, a 62-lubrication pipe, a 63-pressure regulating valve, a 64-liquid electromagnetic valve, a 65-check valve, a 66-high frequency electromagnetic valve, a 71-spindle sleeve, a 72-elastic chuck, a 73-conical head, a 74-pull rod, a 75-cylinder, a 76-push plate, a 77-housing, a 78-connecting frame, a 91-flat key, a 711-vacuum connector, a 721-positioning ring, a 731-air inlet, a 741-sliding sleeve, a 742-ring, a 743-sliding pin, a locking pin, a 771-sliding hole, a 771-77772, a guide hole.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the EDU hand-held electric drive automatic feeding drilling equipment comprises a main shaft 1, a rotating mechanism 2 and a feeding mechanism 3, wherein the rotating mechanism 2 and the feeding mechanism 3 respectively drive the main shaft 1 to rotate and feed, the feeding mechanism 3 comprises a driving module and a pressure detection module, the driving module comprises a sliding seat 31 positioned at the tail end of the main shaft 1 and capable of driving the main shaft 1 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the driving module, the pressure detection module comprises a pressure sensor 32 arranged in the sliding seat 31, through holes for the main shaft 1 to pass through are formed in the sliding seat 31 and the pressure sensor 32, a thrust bearing 33 is arranged on the front surface of the pressure sensor 32, a ball bearing 34 is arranged on the back surface of the sliding seat 31, the main shaft 1 sequentially passes through the thrust bearing 33 and the ball bearing 34 and is fixed with the thrust bearing 33, one side, close to the pressure sensor 32, of the thrust bearing 33 is abutted against the sensing surface of the pressure sensor 32, and one side, far from the pressure sensor 32, is contacted with a step surface 11 on the main shaft 1. Of course, other conventional and indispensable components and control systems are included to ensure stable operation of the entire drilling apparatus.

Some of the above descriptions of the directions are presented with the nose end of the drilling apparatus as the front, e.g. the end of the spindle 1 refers to the end facing away from the tip of the spindle 1, the front of the pressure sensor 32 refers to the face facing the tip of the spindle 1, and the back of the slide seat 31 refers to the face facing away from the tip of the spindle 1. The rotating mechanism 2 and the feeding mechanism 3 are two sets of independent mechanisms, and although the two sets of independent mechanisms act on the same main shaft 1, the two sets of independent mechanisms do not affect each other, and a plurality of similar mechanisms in the prior art can realize the function. For the whole feeding mechanism, the most important point at the time of installation is to ensure that the thrust bearing 33 is pressed between the pressure sensor 32 and the stepped surface 11 of the spindle 1.

The principle of the utility model for detecting the feed pressure of the main shaft is as follows: during the feeding of the spindle 1, the reverse force borne by the spindle 1 is transmitted to the pressure sensor 32 through the thrust bearing 33, and the deformation of the pressure sensor 32 during the detection is extremely small and almost negligible, and is smaller than the axial play of the ball bearing, so that the axial force of the spindle 1 is not transmitted to the ball bearing 34, and the feeding pressure can be directly obtained through the pressure sensor 32. The system can then calculate the sandwich material from the feed pressure and then match the optimum rotational speed and feed speed to the rotating mechanism 2 and the feed mechanism 3, thereby improving the hole making quality. Generally, aluminum and composite materials are suitable for adopting higher spindle rotation speed and higher feeding speed, titanium is suitable for adopting lower spindle rotation speed and lower feeding speed, and the specific pressure corresponding to the material and the corresponding hole making process parameters are determined by carrying out actual process tests. The adoption of the double-bearing structure of the thrust bearing 33 and the ball bearing 34 ensures the concentricity of the main shaft 1 and the pressure sensor 32, thereby indirectly ensuring the perpendicularity between the sensing surface of the pressure sensor 32 and the axis of the main shaft 1 and improving the measurement precision of the pressure sensor 32 when the main shaft 1 runs.

When the slide seat 31 is mounted, it is necessary to ensure close contact of the thrust bearing 33 with the pressure sensor 32 and the step surface 11, and the measurement accuracy is affected if there is a mounting gap. Therefore, it is preferable that an external thread is provided at the end of the spindle 1, the entire sliding seat 31 is pressed against the spindle 1 by the lock nut 35 after the spindle 1 passes through the ball bearing 34, and a pre-pressure is generated between the thrust bearing 34 and the step surface 11 and the pressure sensor 32, and of course, the system needs to clear the pre-pressure or deduct it in the calculation during the measurement. When the lock nut 35 is screwed down, it presses the ball bearing 34, the sliding seat 31 and the pressure sensor 32 in order, so that the two thrust washers of the thrust bearing 33 are pressed against each other, ensuring the compactness of installation and the measurement accuracy. The pressure sensor 32 may be connected to a display at the time of installation, which may indicate that the thrust bearing 33 has been compressed when the pressure sensor 32 detects a pressure, and how much pre-compression is required is determined according to the experience of the skilled person. The lock nut 35 only needs to be in contact with the inner ring of the ball bearing 34, the ball bearing 34 can transmit certain axial compression force, meanwhile, in the process of compressing the sliding seat 31, the inner ring of the ball bearing 34 can generate certain axial displacement to the tip end of the spindle 1, more axial compensation can be provided for the subsequent detection process, and the measurement range and measurement accuracy of the pressure sensor 32 are improved. Furthermore, in order to better transmit the axial compression force generated by the lock nut 35, the ball bearing 34 is preferably an angular contact ball bearing, which can bear the axial force in a direction from the end of the spindle 1 toward the front end of the spindle 1. The angular contact ball bearing can better transmit the pressing force on the one hand, and can not bear the reverse axial force on the other hand, and the measuring precision of the pressure sensor 32 can not be influenced.

For the driving module, various transmission mechanisms such as a pneumatic rod, a hydraulic rod, a linear motor, etc. may be employed, but in order to improve the control accuracy, a screw-nut transmission mechanism which is smooth in transmission and easy to control is preferable. As shown in fig. 4, the driving module includes a feeding motor 36 and a screw rod 37, the screw rod 37 is rotatably disposed on the mounting frame 4 of the device, one end of the screw rod 37, which is close to the feeding motor 36, is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the feeding motor 36 through a belt, and the other end is connected with the sliding seat 31 through a nut guide sleeve, so as to form a screw-nut transmission mechanism. The feed motor 36 controls the rotational speed according to the pressure signal fed back from the pressure sensor 32, thereby controlling the feed speed of the spindle 1.

Further, as shown in fig. 7, the mounting frame 4 is further provided with a magnetic grating 38 arranged along the axial direction of the spindle 1, and the side surface of the sliding seat 31 is provided with a magnetic grating reading head 39 corresponding to the magnetic grating 38; the mounting frame 4 is provided with a limit switch 41 at a position corresponding to the limit position of the sliding seat 31 moving back and forth, and the sliding seat 31 is provided with a reading target of the limit switch 41. For the feeding amount of the spindle 1, it is commonly used at present to read the data of the motor rotation position through an encoder built in a servo motor for conversion, and the accuracy is affected by environmental factors such as mechanical transmission efficiency, installation error and the like. The utility model adopts an external high-resolution encoder and a reading head to directly and accurately read the position data of the main shaft 1, thereby ensuring the high-precision control of feeding. The limit switch 41 may employ an optoelectronic proximity sensor, which is disposed at a limit position of forward and backward movement of the spindle 1, and the apparatus does not want the spindle 1 to move beyond this range in feed operation, the slide seat 31 moves along with the spindle 1 in the feed direction when the spindle 1 is fed, and the proximity sensor senses the position of the slide seat 31 and sends a signal to the control system when the spindle 1 is fed to the limit position, and the system does not allow the spindle 1 to continue to move in this direction again, thereby preventing the apparatus from being damaged due to the fact that the spindle 1 exceeds the designed feed movement range.

The accurate feedback of the feeding pressure and the feeding quantity is realized, and the control of the pecking drill can be realized. The working principle of the pecking drill is that the spindle is fed backward a small distance after each forward feed distance is completed, for example, 0.1mm is fed backward every time the spindle is fed forward 0.5mm, and the process is repeated until the whole hole making process is completed. Because the feeding movement mechanism of the equipment is completely independent and the feeding amount is accurately controllable, the whole pecking process can be accurately and efficiently controlled, thereby playing a role in breaking chips, avoiding the chips from scratching the hole wall, improving the smoothness, facilitating chip suction, being beneficial to cooling and lubrication, effectively improving the heat dissipation of a drill bit and materials, reducing the drilling resistance and prolonging the service life of tools.

For the rotating mechanism 2 for controlling the rotation of the main shaft, as shown in fig. 4-6, the scheme adopted by the utility model is that the rotating mechanism 2 comprises a rotating motor 21 and a transmission module, the transmission module comprises a main shaft guide sleeve 22 which is in sliding connection with the main shaft 1, a transmission wheel 23 is arranged in the middle of the main shaft guide sleeve 22, two ends of the transmission wheel 23 are in rotating connection with a frame 5 of the equipment through two bearings 24, a sliding groove 12 is arranged on the surface of the main shaft 1 along the axis direction of the main shaft guide sleeve, a flat key 25 which is in sliding connection with the sliding groove 12 is arranged in the main shaft guide sleeve 22, and the transmission wheel 23 is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the rotating motor 21 through a belt. The running process of the rotating mechanism 2 is that the rotating motor 21 drives the driving wheel 23 to rotate, and the main shaft guide sleeve 22 rotates along with the driving wheel 23 because the main shaft guide sleeve 22 is fixed with the driving wheel 23, and the flat key 25 in the main shaft guide sleeve 22 drives the main shaft 1 to rotate. Because the main shaft 1 is in sliding connection with the flat key 25, the main shaft 1 can still slide relative to the main shaft guide sleeve 22 in the rotating process, so that the rotation and the feeding of the main shaft 1 can be realized at the same time.

In order to protect the tool nose of the drilling equipment and improve the drilling quality, the utility model is also provided with a micro lubrication system 6, as shown in fig. 8-9, the micro lubrication system 6 comprises an oil storage tank 61, a lubrication pipe 62, a pressure regulating valve 63, a liquid electromagnetic valve 64, a check valve 65 and a high-frequency electromagnetic valve 66, wherein the air inlet end of the oil storage tank 61 is connected with an air source through the pressure regulating valve 63, the liquid electromagnetic valve 64 and the check valve 65 are sequentially arranged at the oil outlet end of the oil storage tank 61, the inlet of the high-frequency electromagnetic valve 66 is connected with the air source, and the outlet of the high-frequency electromagnetic valve 65 is connected with the lubrication pipe 62 after being collected through a three-way pipe; the main shaft 1 is of a hollow structure, and the lubrication pipe 62 can be inserted from the tail end of the main shaft 1 and is inserted into the main shaft 1 in a sliding manner. The micro lubrication system 6 is divided into two parts, one part is an oil way, firstly, a continuous small air pressure is applied to the oil storage tank 61 by the air source and the pressure regulating valve 63, so that the oil storage tank 61 can always keep oil outlet, and then the opening and closing time is controlled by the high-frequency liquid electromagnetic valve 64 to control the oil outlet amount in unit time; the other part is an air path, and the opening and closing time is controlled mainly through the high-frequency electromagnetic valve 66 to control the air outlet quantity in unit time. After being mixed by the tee joint, the lubricating oil and the gas can form high-quality mixed oil mist in the lubricating pipe 62, and the oil mist enters the main shaft 1 through the lubricating pipe and is sprayed out from the tool nose to realize tool nose lubrication. In order to form oil mist, the gas path pressure is higher than the oil path pressure, so that a check valve 65 is provided after the liquid solenoid valve 64 in order to prevent oil mist from entering the oil path.

In the drilling process, since the spindle 1 is automatically fed and does not need to move equipment, ensuring the position accuracy and stability of the equipment is a key factor for improving the drilling quality. As shown in fig. 10-11, a drill plate 9 is usually required to be equipped during manual drilling, and the position accuracy of the equipment can be ensured only by fixing the drill plate 9, therefore, the utility model further comprises an expansion chuck 7, wherein the expansion chuck 7 comprises a main shaft sleeve 71 coaxially arranged with the main shaft 1 and an elastic chuck 72, the front end of the main shaft sleeve 71 is provided with a conical head 73, one end of the conical head 73 far away from the main shaft sleeve 71 is smaller than the other end, the elastic chuck 72 is slidably sleeved on the conical head 73 and can expand along the radial direction, the inner wall of the elastic chuck 72 is a conical surface matched with the conical head 73, the main shaft sleeve 71 is also provided with a pull rod 74, and a reciprocating mechanism capable of driving the pull rod 74 to move back and forth along the axial direction of the main shaft sleeve 71 is also arranged on the main shaft sleeve 71, and one end of the elastic chuck 72 close to the main shaft sleeve 71 is connected with the pull rod 74; the side wall of the smaller end of the conical head 73 is provided with a plurality of air inlets 731, and the side wall of the spindle sleeve 71, which is close to the conical head 73, is provided with a vacuum joint 711 communicated with the conical head 73. The elastic clamping head 72 is preferably a cylindrical structure with expansion joints at two ends alternately spaced, when the expansion clamping head is required to be inserted into the guide hole 91 on the drill plate 9, the reciprocating mechanism drives the pull rod 74 to move towards the conical head 73, so that the elastic clamping head 72 is in an unexpanded state and can be smoothly inserted into the guide hole 91 of the drill plate 9; when the drill plate 9 needs to be clamped, the pull rod 74 moves in the opposite direction, and pulls the expansion chuck towards the main shaft sleeve 71, so that the expansion chuck is expanded under the action of the inclined plane of the conical head 73, the outer side wall of the elastic chuck 72 is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the guide hole 91 of the drill plate 9, and the expansion chuck is fixed with the drill plate 9. The tool may then be passed through the conical head 73 of the expansion collet for a hole making operation as the spindle 1 is fed. An air inlet 731 is provided on the conical head 73 to facilitate the suction of cuttings from the vacuum connection 711 by the cuttings suction apparatus.

Although concentricity of the collet 72 and the conical head 73 in the moving process can be ensured by conical surface contact, the elastic collet 72 may be deformed due to uneven stress when the elastic collet 72 is pulled by the pull rod 74, so that in order to make the stress of the elastic collet 72 uniform, the pull rod 74 comprises two pull rods, which are respectively arranged at two sides of the spindle sleeve 71, one end of each of the two pull rods 74, which is close to the elastic collet 72, is provided with a sliding sleeve 741 in sliding connection with the spindle sleeve 71, and one end of each of the elastic collets 72, which is close to the pull rod 74, is connected to the sliding sleeve 741. The sliding sleeve 741 is slidably connected with the spindle sleeve 71, so that the pulling force of the pull rod 74 can be uniformly dispersed on the cross section of the elastic chuck 72, the uniform stress of each part of the elastic chuck 72 is ensured, and the local deformation is avoided. For the connection mode of the elastic chuck 72 and the sliding sleeve 741, the utility model also adds a locking ring 742, wherein an inner thread is arranged on the inner wall of the locking ring 742, an outer thread is arranged on the outer side wall of the sliding sleeve 741, a positioning ring 721 is arranged at one end of the elastic chuck 72, which is close to the main shaft sleeve 71, the locking ring 742 is in threaded connection with the sliding sleeve 741, and the positioning ring 721 is tightly pressed on the end surface of the sliding sleeve 741. In order to uniformly expand both ends of the elastic clamping head 72, the elastic clamping head 72 cannot be completely fixed on the sliding sleeve 7, and the elastic clamping head is axially compressed by adopting a locking ring 742, so that the axial positioning of the elastic clamping head can be ensured by reasonably controlling the compression force, but the expansion of the elastic clamping head in the radial direction is not influenced.

For the reciprocating mechanism, various structural forms, such as a hydraulic rod, a pneumatic rod or a linear motor which stretches along the axial direction of the spindle sleeve 71, can be adopted, so that the quick action of the elastic chuck 72 can be realized, and the control is convenient. However, considering the arrangement form of the components of the drilling device and the fact that the moment of the pull rod 74 is not easy to be too large, the utility model provides a preferred scheme that the reciprocating mechanism comprises an air cylinder 75, a push plate 76 and a shell 77, wherein the air cylinder 75 is fixed below the main shaft sleeve 71 through a connecting frame 78, the lower end of the push plate 76 is connected with the telescopic end of the air cylinder 75, the upper end of the push plate 76 is provided with an inclined strip hole 761, one end of the pull rod 74 far away from the elastic chuck 72 is slidably arranged in the strip hole 761 through a sliding pin 743, the lower end of the shell 77 is fixed with the connecting frame 78, a sliding groove 771 for the push plate 76 to slide is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 77, a guide hole 772 for the sliding pin 743 to pass through is arranged at the position of the side surface of the shell 77 corresponding to the sliding pin 743, and the length direction of the guide hole 772 is consistent with the axial direction of the main shaft sleeve 71. In the process of lifting and lowering the telescopic end of the push plate 76 along with the cylinder 75, the long strip hole 761 can drive the pull rod 74 to move back and forth along the axial direction of the spindle sleeve 71. Because the moving distance of the elastic chuck 72 is not large, the requirement of the back and forth movement of the elastic chuck can be met by adopting a small double-acting air cylinder, and meanwhile, the elastic chuck is relatively flat and small in overall structure, occupies less space and can ensure the compactness of the structure. The direction of force is changed by the cooperation of the push plate 76, the strip hole 761, the guide hole 772 and the sliding pin 743, the structure is ingenious, and the influence of moment on the push plate is small. The source of the gas of the air cylinder 75 is the same as that of the micro-lubrication system 6, and as shown in fig. 9, the gas source is divided into three paths, and besides the oil path and the gas path for the micro-lubrication system 6, the other path is connected with the air cylinder 75 through two-position three-way electromagnetic valves.

The handle of a conventional hand-held drilling apparatus is typically provided at the tail portion, and is operated by holding the apparatus back and forth with two hands when in use. However, the mass distribution of the front and rear ends of the device is uneven due to the structure of the device, and the front and rear holding mode is not easy to keep stable. Therefore, the utility model arranges a handle 8 on two sides of the frame 5 of the device, the handle 8 is positioned at the center of gravity of the whole device, and the position of the frame 5 near the handle 8 is provided with a control switch of the device. When in use, the two hands are held on the left handle 8 and the right handle 8, so that an operator can save more labor and stabilize the equipment when picking up the equipment, and the control switch is arranged near the handles 8, so that the operation is convenient.

Claims (10)

1. EDU hand-held electric drive automatic feed drilling equipment, including main shaft (1) and respectively drive rotary mechanism (2) and feed mechanism (3) that main shaft (1) rotated and fed, characterized by: the feeding mechanism (3) comprises a driving module and a pressure detection module, the driving module comprises a sliding seat (31) which is arranged at the tail end of the main shaft (1) and can drive the main shaft (1) to reciprocate along the axis direction of the main shaft, the pressure detection module comprises a pressure sensor (32) arranged in the sliding seat (31), through holes for the main shaft (1) to pass are formed in the sliding seat (31) and the pressure sensor (32), a thrust bearing (33) is arranged on the front surface of the pressure sensor (32), a ball bearing (34) is arranged on the back surface of the sliding seat (31), the main shaft (1) sequentially passes through the thrust bearing (33) and the ball bearing (34) and is fixed with the thrust bearing, one side, close to the pressure sensor (32), of the thrust bearing (33) is attached to the sensing surface of the pressure sensor (32), and one side, far away from the pressure sensor (32), is contacted with a step surface (11) on the main shaft (1).
2. 2. The EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the main shaft (1) is provided with external threads, and the main shaft (1) passes through the ball bearing (34) and then compresses the whole sliding seat (31) on the main shaft (1) through the lock nut (35), so that precompression is generated between the thrust bearing (33) and the step surface (11) and between the thrust bearing and the pressure sensor (32).
3. 3. The EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the driving module further comprises a feeding motor (36) and a screw rod (37), the screw rod (37) is rotatably arranged on a mounting frame (4) of the equipment, one end, close to the feeding motor (36), of the screw rod (37) is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the feeding motor (36) through a belt, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the sliding seat (31) through a nut guide sleeve to form a screw rod nut transmission mechanism.
4. 4. An EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein: the mounting frame (4) is also provided with a magnetic grating (38) arranged along the axial direction of the spindle (1), and the side surface of the sliding seat (31) is provided with a magnetic grating reading head (39) corresponding to the magnetic grating (38); and a limit switch (41) is arranged on the mounting frame (4) corresponding to the limit position of the sliding seat (31) moving forwards and backwards, and a reading target of the limit switch (41) is arranged on the sliding seat (31).
5. 5. The EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating motor (21) and a transmission module, the transmission module comprises a main shaft guide sleeve (22) which is in sliding connection with the main shaft (1), a transmission wheel (23) is arranged in the middle of the main shaft guide sleeve (22), two ends of the transmission wheel are in rotating connection with a frame (5) of the device through two bearings (24), a sliding groove (12) is formed in the surface of the main shaft (1) along the axis direction of the main shaft, a flat key (25) which is in sliding connection with the sliding groove (12) is arranged in the main shaft guide sleeve (22), and the transmission wheel (23) is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the rotating motor (21) through a belt.
6. 6. An EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the micro-lubricating system (6) comprises an oil storage tank (61), a lubricating pipe (62), a pressure regulating valve (63), a liquid electromagnetic valve (64), a one-way valve (65) and a high-frequency electromagnetic valve (66), wherein the air inlet end of the oil storage tank (61) is connected with an air source through the pressure regulating valve (63), the liquid electromagnetic valve (64) and the one-way valve (65) are sequentially arranged at the oil outlet end of the oil storage tank (61), the inlet of the high-frequency electromagnetic valve (66) is connected with the air source, and the outlet of the high-frequency electromagnetic valve (66) is connected with the lubricating pipe (62) after being converged by a three-way pipe; the main shaft (1) is of a hollow structure, and the lubricating pipe (62) is inserted into the main shaft (1) from the tail end of the main shaft (1) in a sliding manner.
7. 7. An EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the device comprises a main shaft sleeve (71) and an elastic chuck (72), wherein the main shaft sleeve (71) and the elastic chuck (72) are coaxially arranged with the main shaft (1), the front end of the main shaft sleeve (71) is provided with a conical head (73), one end of the conical head (73) far away from the main shaft sleeve (71) is smaller than the other end, the elastic chuck (72) is slidably sleeved on the conical head (73) and can expand along the radial direction of the conical head, the inner wall of the elastic chuck (72) is a conical surface matched with the conical head (73), the main shaft sleeve (71) is also provided with a pull rod (74), and a reciprocating mechanism capable of driving the pull rod (74) to move forwards and backwards along the axial direction of the main shaft sleeve (71), and one end of the elastic chuck (72) close to the main shaft sleeve (71) is connected with the pull rod (74); a plurality of air inlets (731) are formed in the side wall of the smaller end of the conical head (73), and a vacuum connector (711) communicated with the conical head (73) is arranged on the side wall, close to the conical head (73), of the spindle sleeve (71).
8. 8. The EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the two pull rods (74) are respectively arranged at two sides of the main shaft sleeve (71), one end of each pull rod (74) close to the elastic chuck (72) is provided with a sliding sleeve (741) which is in sliding connection with the main shaft sleeve (71), and the outer side wall of each sliding sleeve (741) is provided with external threads; the clamping device is characterized by further comprising a locking ring (742), wherein an inner thread is arranged on the inner wall of the locking ring (742), a positioning ring (721) is arranged at one end, close to the main shaft sleeve (71), of the elastic chuck (72), the locking ring (742) is in threaded connection with the sliding sleeve (741), and the positioning ring (721) is tightly pressed on the end face of the sliding sleeve (741).
9. 9. The EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the reciprocating mechanism comprises an air cylinder (75), a push plate (76) and a shell (77), wherein the air cylinder (75) is fixed below a main shaft sleeve (71) through a connecting frame (78), the lower end of the push plate (76) is connected with the telescopic end of the air cylinder (75), an inclined strip hole (761) is formed in the upper end of the push plate, one end, far away from the collet (72), of the pull rod (74) is slidably arranged in the strip hole (761) through a sliding pin (743), the lower end of the shell (77) is fixed with the connecting frame (78), a sliding groove (771) for the push plate (76) to slide is formed in the inner wall of the shell (77), a guide hole (772) for the sliding pin (743) to pass through is formed in the side face of the shell (77), and the guide hole (772) is in the length direction of the guide hole (772) is consistent with the axis direction of the main shaft sleeve (71).
10. 10. The EDU hand-held electrically driven automatic feed drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the novel multifunctional portable equipment is characterized by further comprising a handle (8), wherein the handle (8) comprises two handles which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the frame (5) of the equipment respectively, the handle (8) is located at the center of gravity of the whole equipment, and a control switch of the equipment is arranged at the position, close to the handle (8), on the frame (5).

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