CN219115227U

CN219115227U - Mixed tractor

Info

Publication number: CN219115227U
Application number: CN202320082388.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张鲲; 费洪祥; 张继伟; 王海明; 李建坤; 王淼
Original assignee: Weichai Lovol Intelligent Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Weichai Lovol Intelligent Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-01-13
Filing date: 2023-01-13
Publication date: 2023-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2033-01-13

Abstract

The utility model provides a hybrid tractor. The hybrid tractor includes: the motor vehicle comprises an engine, a first gearbox, a plurality of generators, a plurality of generator controllers, a distribution box, a battery, a plurality of motor controllers, a plurality of motors, a second gearbox, a whole vehicle controller, a front axle and a rear axle, wherein the engine and the plurality of generators are connected with the first gearbox, the plurality of generator controllers are connected with the plurality of generators in one-to-one correspondence, the plurality of generator controllers, the plurality of motor controllers and the battery are connected with the distribution box, the plurality of motor controllers are connected with the plurality of motors in one-to-one correspondence, the plurality of motors are connected with the second gearbox, the second gearbox is connected with the front axle and the rear axle, the plurality of generator controllers and the plurality of motor controllers are connected with the whole vehicle controller, and the rotating speed range of the generator is 200-12000 revolutions per minute. The volume is small, and the arrangement is convenient. The engine works at economic rotation speed, the fuel consumption rate is low, and the emission performance is good.

Description

Mixed tractor

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of tractor power, in particular to a hybrid tractor.

Background

The tractor is a power machine for drawing and driving various matched machines, completing agricultural field operation, various earth and stone engineering operation, transportation operation, fixing operation and the like, the traditional tractor generally adopts an internal combustion engine as a power source, outputs power to a driving axle through the speed regulation torque conversion effect of a gearbox, and drives a traveling mechanism to further reduce and increase torque for the power.

Because mineral raw materials have nonrenewability and people pay little attention to environmental protection, new energy tractors are now becoming a development trend, and the new energy tractors can be divided into pure electric type, wired plug-in type, hybrid type, new energy engine type and the like according to power sources and transmission modes, and the hybrid power tractors refer to tractors which are powered by two or more energy storages, energy sources and converters as driving sources for providing power for the whole vehicle.

The hybrid tractor, the battery plays the effect of energy storage, and when the generator electricity generation is excessive, the battery stores unnecessary energy, and when the power demand increases, the electric energy releases for the motor to do work. In the prior art, the generator and the motor are low-speed motors, so that the generator and the motor are large in size and inflexible in arrangement.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hybrid tractor aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a hybrid tractor comprising: the electric vehicle comprises an engine, a first gearbox, a plurality of generators, a plurality of generator controllers, a distribution box, a battery, a plurality of motor controllers, a plurality of motors, a second gearbox, a whole vehicle controller, a front axle and a rear axle, wherein the engine and the plurality of generators are connected with the first gearbox, the plurality of generator controllers are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of generators, the plurality of generator controllers, the plurality of motor controllers and the battery are all connected with the distribution box, the plurality of motor controllers are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of motors, the plurality of motors are connected with the second gearbox, the second gearbox is connected with the front axle and the rear axle, the plurality of generator controllers and the plurality of motor controllers are all connected with the whole vehicle controller, and the rotating speed range of the generator is 200-12000 revolutions per minute.

The technical scheme of the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the generator adopts a high-speed motor, has small volume and is convenient to arrange. The speed of the first gearbox is increased through the first gearbox, the speed of the high-speed motor is reduced through the second gearbox, and therefore power is transmitted to the rear axle and the front axle, and walking of the tractor is achieved. The engine always works at the economical rotation speed, so that the fuel consumption rate is low and the emission performance is good. The generator controller controls the generator to generate less power under the low-load working condition and generate more power under the high-load working condition, so that the fuel consumption is further reduced. The battery is similar to an energy reservoir, stores electric energy under low load conditions, and releases electric energy under high load conditions, thereby avoiding energy loss.

Further, the speed regulation range of the motor is 0 to 11000 rpm.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: the motor adopts a high-speed motor, has small volume, small size, low cost and convenient arrangement. Because the motor has a relatively wide speed range, the speed-regulating gear requirement for the second gearbox is reduced, and generally only two high and low gears are designed. And the motor has stepless regulation function in the rotation speed increasing range of 0-11000 r/min, thereby realizing the stepless speed change of the whole vehicle. The motor has a wider speed regulation range, and can regulate the speed in a wider range, so that the whole vehicle can be subjected to stepless speed change. The motor controller controls the power and the rotating speed of the motor to do work, so that the adaptability to various working conditions is good.

Further, the rated rotational speeds of the generator and the motor are 4200 rpm.

Further, the distribution box is connected with a charger.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: in the case where the battery is not charged, the battery may be charged by a charger.

Further, the number of the generator, the generator controller, the motor controller, and the motor is two.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: the cost is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.

Further, the first gearbox and the second gearbox share the same housing.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: the installation and maintenance of the gearbox are facilitated.

Additional aspects of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid tractor according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

Reference numerals illustrate: 1. an engine; 2. a first gearbox; 3. a generator; 4. a generator controller; 5. a distribution box; 6. a battery; 7. a motor controller; 8. a motor; 9. a second gearbox; 10. a charger; 11. a front axle; 12. and a rear axle.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of the present utility model are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a hybrid tractor, including: the electric vehicle speed control device comprises an engine 1, a first gearbox 2, a plurality of generators 3, a plurality of generator controllers 4, a distribution box 5, a battery 6, a plurality of motor controllers 7, a plurality of motors 8, a second gearbox 9, a front axle 11 and a rear axle 12, wherein the engine 1 and the plurality of generators 3 are connected with the first gearbox 2, the plurality of generator controllers 4 are connected with the plurality of generators 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the plurality of generator controllers 4, the plurality of motor controllers 7 and the battery 6 are connected with the distribution box 5, the plurality of motor controllers 7 are connected with the plurality of motors 8 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the plurality of motors 8 are connected with the second gearbox 9, the second gearbox 9 is connected with the front axle 11 and the rear axle 12, the plurality of generator controllers 4 and the plurality of motor controllers 7 are connected with the whole vehicle controllers, and the rotating speed range of the generator 3 is 200-12000 revolutions per minute.

Further, the speed regulation range of the motor 8 is 0 to 11000 rpm.

Further, the rated rotation speed of the generator 3 and the motor 8 is 4200 rpm.

As shown in fig. 1, further, a charger 10 is connected to the distribution box 5.

As shown in fig. 1, further, the number of the generator 3, the generator controller 4, the motor controller 7, and the motor 8 is two.

As shown in fig. 1, further, the first gearbox 2 shares the same housing as the second gearbox 9.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a hybrid tractor which can be a hybrid tractor with double generators and double motors, and the defects of large volume and inflexibility of a single generator and a motor can be overcome through a special gearbox structural design. The speed of the first gearbox is increased by the aid of the first gearbox, so that two generators are used for replacing a single generator, and the speed of a high-speed motor (motor) is reduced by the aid of the second gearbox, so that power is transmitted to a rear axle and a front axle, and the whole vehicle (tractor) walks.

The hybrid tractor comprises an engine, a first gearbox, a second gearbox, 2 generators, 2 motors, a generator controller, a motor controller, a high-voltage distribution box (distribution box), a charger, a battery, a front axle and a rear axle, wherein the first gearbox and the second gearbox can share a shell.

The engine always works at an economic rotation speed, wherein the engine 1700 used in the installation experiment rotates to be about the economic rotation speed, the economic rotation speeds of different engines are different, and the engine passes through an ECU (Electronic Control Unit, an electronic control unit, also called a driving computer and a whole vehicle controller). The economic rotation speed is a rotation speed interval with the lowest effective fuel consumption rate of the engine, the effective fuel consumption rate of the engine is higher in the low rotation speed interval and the high rotation speed interval, the fuel consumption rate is a curve which fluctuates downwards and upwards along with the rotation speed fluctuation, the economic rotation speed is good in working fuel economy and better in harmful substance emission performance control, the engine is used as a power source and connected to a first gearbox through a transmission shaft, the first gearbox is used for carrying out speed raising and power distribution on the power to be transmitted to two generators, and the two generators are high-speed generators. The three-phase alternating current generated by the generator is converted into direct current by the generator controller and then is transmitted to a high-voltage distribution box (distribution box). The high-voltage distribution box plays a role in distributing electric energy, when the power required by the whole vehicle (tractor) is low, and when the electric energy of the generator is excessive, the generator controller controls the generator to generate less electricity, so that the fuel consumption is reduced, and the high-voltage distribution box outputs a part of electric energy to the battery for storage. When the power required by the whole vehicle is high, the generator controller controls the generator to generate more power, and the electric energy stored in the battery is taken out to be supplied to the motor to do work. The electric energy input and output in the high-voltage distribution box is direct current, the electric energy in the high-voltage distribution box is converted into three-phase alternating current by the motor controller to supply the motor to do work, the motor controller also has the function of adjusting the work power of the motor and the rotating speed of the motor, when the whole car has low power demand, the motor controller controls the motor to do little work, and when the whole car has high power demand, the motor controller controls the motor to do more work. The two motors are arranged on the second gearbox, the speed of the second gearbox is reduced by converging power, and kinetic energy is transmitted to the front axle and the rear axle through the transmission shaft so as to drive the whole vehicle running system. Because the motor has a relatively wide speed regulation range, the embodiment of the utility model selects the mode of 0-4200 (rated speed) -11000 (highest speed) rpm, so that the speed regulation gear requirement for the second gearbox is reduced, and only two gears of high and low are generally designed. And the motor has stepless regulation function within the speed increasing range of 0-11000 highest rotation speed, thereby realizing stepless speed change of the whole vehicle.

In the case where the battery is not charged, the battery may be charged by a charger.

The fuel consumption rate is effectively reduced, thereby achieving the effects of saving energy and improving emission. The defects of low-speed generators, large volume and high price in the traditional scheme are overcome, two high-speed generators are used for replacing one low-speed generator, the arrangement is flexible, and the cost is reduced. The battery has the function of storing energy for the whole vehicle, and reduces the energy consumption.

The characteristics of the internal combustion engine show that the fuel consumption rate of the engine is higher in the low-speed section and the high-speed section, so that the engine can work in a high-efficiency area at all times, and the method is an effective means for improving the fuel consumption rate of the whole vehicle and optimizing the emission performance of the whole vehicle. The speed regulation range of the internal combustion engine is relatively narrow, so that a larger speed regulation range of the gearbox is required.

The battery of the hybrid tractor plays a role in energy storage, when the generator generates excessive power, the battery stores the excessive energy, and when the power demand increases, the electric energy is released for acting.

The motor is used for driving the generator, electric energy generated by the generator is input into a high-voltage distribution box through adjustment of a generator controller, the high-voltage distribution box distributes the electric energy, the electric energy is input into a battery or output to the high-voltage distribution box through the battery according to working conditions, a part of the electric energy is output to a motor controller, the motor controller adjusts the electric energy to change the output current, the voltage of the motor is constant, and the voltage is obtained by the formula P=UI, wherein P is power, U is voltage, and I is current. The voltage U is constant and the current input by the motor controller changes, thus the power changes. The motor outputs torque to a gearbox (a second gearbox), and the rear axle is driven by the speed regulation function of the gearbox to drive a traveling system or a power output system, so that the whole vehicle runs.

The engine constantly works at economic rotational speed, and fuel economy is best at this moment, and when light load operation, the electric energy that the generator sent is through the distribution effect of high voltage distribution box, stores the electric energy in the battery, and when high load operation, the motor demand electric energy is greater than the generator, and the electric energy that stores in the battery releases this moment, also is used for the acting of motor through the distribution effect of high voltage distribution box.

For example, when the power is high, the motor controller can collect the motor rotating speed, the rotating speed signal is coded and transmitted to the whole vehicle controller, the whole vehicle controller can transmit signals (a first control command and a second control command) to the generator controller and the motor controller according to the comparison analysis of the rotating speed signal (a first rotating speed) and the required rotating speed (a second rotating speed), the generator principle is that a closed coil rotates in a magnetic field, a magnetic induction line is cut, induced current is generated, and when the signals (the first control command) are received, the generator controller controls the size of the magnetic field in the generator, so that the generating capacity is improved or the generating capacity is reduced, and the motor controller of the motor controller can combine the current rotating speed change and other signals with the whole vehicle controller signal (the second control command) to adjust the working state of the motor.

When the required torque is higher than the torque provided by the motor under a certain required rotating speed, the motor can have the conditions of rotating speed reduction and the like, and the motor controller collects the signals, adjusts the working state of the motor and improves the torque of the motor.

The two motor controllers can transmit signals through the whole vehicle controller, and when one rotating speed is low and the other rotating speed is high, the two motor controllers can balance through the motor controllers and adjust the rotating speeds to be consistent.

The tractor starts, and the generator starts to rotate, and at the moment, the generator starts to generate electricity, and the whole vehicle does not need to walk and the like, so that electric energy is converted into direct current through the high-voltage distribution box and is transferred into the battery for storage. When the tractor is in gear and starts, the high-voltage distribution box distributes electric energy to the motor controller, and the motor controller converts direct current transmitted by the high-voltage distribution box into alternating current to drive the motor to start working. The motor controller continuously detects signals such as motor rotation speed, when the motor rotation speed is lower than the required rotation speed, the required torque is larger than the torque which can be provided by the motor, and the motor controller increases current at the moment, so that the torque and the power of the motor are increased, and the motor rotation speed is returned to the required rotation speed. And meanwhile, a signal is transmitted back to the whole vehicle controller, and the whole vehicle controller transmits the signal to the generator controller and the motor controller to control the generating capacity of the generator. When the tractor performs light load operation, the motor controller can also compare through collecting the rotation speed signal at the moment, so that adjustment is performed, and the adjustment direction of high load operation is opposite.

The engine of the hybrid tractor always works at an economic rotation speed, so that the fuel consumption rate is low and the emission performance is good. The first gearbox is used for accelerating the power provided by the engine and then supplying the power to the high-speed generator, and the high-speed generator has the advantages of small size and low price. The generator controller controls the generator to generate less power under the low-load working condition and generate more power under the high-load working condition, so that the fuel consumption is further reduced. The battery is similar to an energy reservoir, stores electric energy under low load conditions, and releases electric energy under high load conditions, thereby avoiding energy loss. The motor has a wider speed regulation range, and can regulate the speed in a wider range, so that the whole vehicle can be subjected to stepless speed change. The motor controller controls the power and the rotating speed of the motor to do work, so that the adaptability to various working conditions is good.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model.

Claims

1. A hybrid tractor, comprising: the electric vehicle comprises an engine, a first gearbox, a plurality of generators, a plurality of generator controllers, a distribution box, a battery, a plurality of motor controllers, a plurality of motors, a second gearbox, a whole vehicle controller, a front axle and a rear axle, wherein the engine and the plurality of generators are connected with the first gearbox, the plurality of generator controllers are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of generators, the plurality of generator controllers, the plurality of motor controllers and the battery are all connected with the distribution box, the plurality of motor controllers are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of motors, the plurality of motors are connected with the second gearbox, the second gearbox is connected with the front axle and the rear axle, the plurality of generator controllers and the plurality of motor controllers are all connected with the whole vehicle controller, and the rotating speed range of the generator is 200-12000 revolutions per minute.

2. A hybrid tractor as defined by claim 1 wherein the motor has a speed range of 0 rpm to 11000 rpm.

3. A hybrid tractor as defined by claim 1 wherein the rated rotational speed of the generator and motor is 4200 rpm.

4. A hybrid tractor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrical box is connected to a charger.

5. The hybrid tractor of claim 1, wherein the number of generators, generator controllers, motor controllers, and motors is two.

6. A hybrid tractor as defined by claim 1 wherein the first gearbox and the second gearbox share the same housing.