CN219048784U - Distal locking sighting device for femoral intramedullary nail - Google Patents

Abstract

A distal locking nail sighting device of a femur intramedullary nail comprises a reticular body surface positioner and a perspective sleeve with a positioning coil. Through the femur far-end lateral perspective concentric circle technology, the body surface reticular positioner can rapidly position the thigh far-end outer side lockhole body surface needle inlet point; the needle insertion point of the bone surface at the outer side of the distal end of the femur can be positioned by perspective sleeve bone surface aiming points; then the electric drill is slowly drilled in along the sleeve direction, so that the electric drill can pass through the locking nail hole, and the remote locking nail locking technology is accurately realized. The distal locking nail sighting device of the femoral intramedullary nail has the advantages of simple structure, small volume and convenient operation. The inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are made of perspective materials, X-ray perspective is free of shielding, perspective pictures are clear, observation is convenient, the problem of far-end locking misalignment of a traditional external aiming bracket of the femoral intramedullary nail is really and effectively solved, the repeated perspective and drilling times of the far-end nail are reduced, operation is simplified, operation time is shortened, bleeding amount is reduced, and clinical curative effect is improved.

Description

A distal locking nail aimer for femoral intramedullary nail

technical field

The utility model relates to a femoral intramedullary nail surgical instrument, in particular to an aimer for assisting the operation of locking the distal end of the femoral intramedullary nail.

Background technique

Intramedullary nailing is currently the gold standard for internal fixation of femoral shaft fractures in clinical practice. Femoral intramedullary nails are commonly used internal fixation devices in orthopedics. The distal and proximal ends of the intramedullary nails are respectively provided with lock holes for screwing in locking screws. During the operation, the fracture end needs to be reset, and the intramedullary nail is inserted into the long tubular femoral medullary cavity. After the position is satisfactory, the external thigh aiming frame is installed, and the drill hole is aimed at the distal sleeve through the aiming frame. The drill bit needs to pass through the distal end of the femur simultaneously. Double-layered cortical bone at the end and through the keyhole of the intramedullary nail, the drill bit is pulled out, and the locking nail is screwed in, so as to realize the locking of the distal end of the femur and the intramedullary nail; then, drill a hole in the proximal end of the femur with an external aiming frame, and screw in the screw to realize The proximal femur is locked with the intramedullary nail.

The technique of distal femoral nail locking is one of the most critical techniques in the operation of intramedullary nailing. Due to individual differences in patients, there are problems such as different radians of the anterior arch of the femoral shaft and different shapes of the medullary cavity among different individuals, and there are also differences in the type of fracture injured by the patient and the insertion point of the intramedullary nail during the operation, which makes the intramedullary After the nail is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity, there will be a certain deformation, which will easily lead to the misalignment of the distal locking nail of the traditional aiming frame, and the difficulty of locking the distal end often occurs. The difficulty of locking the distal end of the femoral interlocking intramedullary nail has been a problem for many years. Conundrums for clinical orthopedic surgeons. However, the accuracy of traditional external aiming and placement of intramedullary nails is low, and repeated fluoroscopy and multiple drilling are required, which significantly prolongs the operation time and greatly increases the radiation exposure of surgical participants and patients. In addition, the traditional intramedullary nail aiming frame requires more instruments, more complicated assembly, and more cumbersome operation. The metal aiming frame is relatively thick, which is easily blocked by fluoroscopy, and is not convenient for intraoperative observation. In recent years, infrared computer-aided navigation, laser navigation, and new magnetic navigation have been gradually applied in clinical practice, effectively improving the success rate of distal locking nail placement of femoral intramedullary nails; however, these new devices are expensive, cumbersome to operate, and complicated in process , the learning curve is long, and professional technicians are required. It is difficult for most clinical orthopedic surgeons to master it. At present, it is only equipped for use in a few top orthopedic hospitals in China, and it is not suitable for most medical institutions, especially Promotion and use in primary hospitals.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a new type of femoral intramedullary nail distal locking nail aiming device which is relatively cheap, simple to operate, practical and reliable, and easy to popularize and use in hospitals, so as to solve the problem of the traditional external aiming frame of femoral intramedullary nail. Locking inaccurate problems, reducing the number of repeated fluoroscopy and drilling of distal nails, simplifying surgical operations, shortening surgical time, reducing blood loss, and improving clinical efficacy.

The femoral intramedullary nail distal locking nail aimer described in the utility model comprises a long cylindrical outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a long rod-shaped taper rod, and a body surface locator; the outer sleeve and The inner sleeves are all made of see-through materials, the inner diameter of the outer sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the inner sleeve, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is larger than the diameter of the taper rod, and the lengths of the outer sleeve, inner sleeve, and taper rod are in order Increase; one end of the inner sleeve is equipped with a positioning coil, the positioning coil is arranged coaxially with the axial through hole of the inner sleeve, and the positioning coil is made of non-see-through material; one end of the tapered rod is pointed; The body surface locator is provided with several positioning holes through which the outer sleeve can pass.

Furthermore, the end of the inner sleeve adjacent to the tapered end of the tapered rod is provided with serrated teeth at the port.

Further, a handle is installed at the end of the inner sleeve facing away from the tapered end of the tapered rod.

Further, the handle extends outward along the radial direction of the inner sleeve and abuts against the end of the outer sleeve.

Further, the handle is made of see-through material.

Further, the body surface locator is an arc-shaped plate with a certain arc.

Further, the body surface locator is provided with a plurality of positioning holes arranged in a matrix.

The femoral intramedullary nail distal locking nail aimer described in the utility model is mainly divided into a body surface locator placed on the patient's body surface, and an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve with a positioning coil, and a cone rod that are mutually fitted. The sleeve structure composed of; wherein, the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are both long tubes with axial through holes, and the outer diameter of the inner sleeve is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the outer sleeve, so that the inner sleeve can be inserted into the outer sleeve In the axial through hole of the inner sleeve, and because the length of the inner sleeve is slightly longer than that of the outer sleeve, when one end of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are aligned, the other end of the inner sleeve protrudes outside the outer sleeve; similarly , the tapered rod can be inserted into the axial through hole of the inner sleeve, and when the tapered rod is aligned with one end of the inner sleeve, the other end of the tapered rod protrudes outside the inner sleeve. In the femoral fracture intramedullary nailing operation, after the intramedullary nail is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity and the reduction is satisfactory, the body surface locator is fixed on the outer body surface of the distal thigh with a sterile bandage, and the lateral view of the distal femur is taken for fluoroscopy and fine-tuning C-arm machine perspective angle, and fine-tune the position of the body surface locator on the outer side of the distal femur. When the image of a positioning hole on the body surface locator overlaps with the image of the distal keyhole of the intramedullary nail, The positioning hole is the needle entry point in the outer skin of the keyhole on the outer side of the distal thigh; then a blade is used to open the skin of the positioning hole, and the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve and the taper rod are sequentially fitted together and inserted vertically into the positioning hole , directly to the lateral bone surface of the femur, then withdraw the taper rod, fine-tune the inner sleeve to aim at the fixed point on the lateral femoral bone surface under fluoroscopy, wait for the locking hole of the intramedullary nail, the positioning coil at the distal end of the inner sleeve, and the positioning hole of the body surface locator When the images basically overlap, slowly drill the drill rod (or Kirschner wire) along the axis of the inner sleeve to pass through the femur and the distal locking nail hole. Screwing the nail axially along the outer sleeve can achieve precise locking of the distal end of the femur and the medullary nail, and taking out the outer sleeve can complete the entire distal nail locking operation. This kind of femoral intramedullary nail distal locking nail aimer is simple in structure, small in size, and easy to operate; both the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are made of see-through materials, and the X-ray perspective is unobstructed, and the perspective pictures are clear and easy to observe. It really effectively solves the problem of inaccurate locking of the distal end of the traditional external aiming frame of the femoral intramedullary nail, reduces the number of repeated fluoroscopy and drilling of the distal nail, simplifies the operation, shortens the operation time, reduces the amount of bleeding, and improves the clinical efficacy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve and the taper rod.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the inner sleeve and the handle.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the body surface locator.

Fig. 4 is an X-ray perspective view showing the keyhole of the intramedullary nail, the positioning coil, and the hole of the body surface locator relative to each other during the operation.

Fig. 5 is an X-ray perspective schematic diagram of the drill rod passing through the inner sleeve and femur and the locking hole of the intramedullary nail during the operation.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, vertical, horizontal, vertical, counterclockwise, clockwise, Circumferential, radial, axial...), the directional indication is only used to explain the relative positional relationship, motion, etc. When the attitude changes, the directional indication changes accordingly.

In addition, if there is a description related to "first" or "second" in the embodiment of the present utility model, the description of "first" or "second" is only for the purpose of description, and should not be interpreted as an indication or Implying their relative importance or implying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist , also not within the scope of protection required by the utility model.

The utility model provides a distal locking nail aimer for a femoral intramedullary nail.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the distal end locking nail aimer of the femoral intramedullary nail includes a long cylindrical outer sleeve 1, an inner sleeve 2, a long rod-shaped tapered rod 3, and a body surface locator 4; Both the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are made of see-through material, the inner diameter of the outer sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the inner sleeve, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is larger than the diameter of the taper rod, and the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve, the taper The length of the rod increases successively; one end of the inner sleeve is equipped with a positioning coil 5, which is coaxially arranged with the axial through hole of the inner sleeve, and the positioning coil is made of non-see-through material; one end of the tapered rod It is pointed and conical; the body surface locator is provided with several positioning holes 6 through which the outer sleeve can pass.

As shown in Figure 1-3, the intramedullary nail 200 is inserted into the femur 100 of the patient. Fix it on the outer surface of the distal femur, perform fluoroscopy of the distal femur, fine-tune the perspective angle of the C-arm machine, and fine-tune the position of the body surface locator on the outer surface of the distal femur. When a certain positioning hole on the body surface locator When the image overlaps with the image of the keyhole at the distal end of the intramedullary nail, the positioning hole on the body surface locator is the needle entry point on the skin of the keyhole on the outer side of the distal thigh; The sleeve, the inner sleeve and the taper rod are fitted together in sequence, and then inserted vertically into the positioning hole until it reaches the lateral femoral bone surface, and then withdraws the taper rod, fine-tunes the aiming point of the inner sleeve on the lateral femoral bone surface under fluoroscopy, and waits for the intramedullary nail to lock. When the images of the three holes, the positioning coil at the distal end of the inner sleeve, and the positioning hole of the body surface locator are basically coincident, the drill rod (or Kirschner wire) is slowly drilled along the axis of the inner sleeve to pass through the femur. With the locking nail hole at the distal end, after the drilling is completed, exit the inner sleeve, screw the locking nail along the axial direction of the outer sleeve to realize the precise locking of the distal end of the femur and the medullary nail, and take out the outer sleeve to complete the entire distal end. End lock operation.

In the distal end locking nail sight for the femoral intramedullary nail, the end of the inner sleeve 2 adjacent to the tapered end of the tapered rod 3 has a serrated tooth 7 at its port, through which the tooth end can be used to The inner sleeve is more easily anchored to the femoral surface, reducing the possibility of the inner sleeve slipping on the femoral surface. In addition, a handle 8 is installed at the end of the inner sleeve 2 facing away from the tapered end of the tapered rod 3, and the handle 8 extends radially outwards along the inner sleeve 2 and abuts against the end of the outer sleeve 1, so that When inserted into the patient's body, the handle can be used to hold it better and push the combined rod formed by the outer sleeve, inner sleeve and taper rod into the patient's body more conveniently, which effectively improves the convenience of operation; at the same time The handle 8 can also be made of see-through material, so as to avoid blocking the line of sight during X-ray perspective observation.

The distal locking nail aimer for the femoral intramedullary nail and the body surface locator 4 are arc-shaped plates with a certain radian, and have a certain strength and hardness, so as to better fit the patient's body surface. The body surface locator 4 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 6 arranged in an orderly manner and having equal diameters along the matrix. At the same time, in order to quickly find the body surface positioning points, the spacing between adjacent positioning holes should be as small as possible. For example, the spacing is set to about 2mm. In addition, on the body surface locator 4, symbolic marks are arranged opposite to the positioning holes 6 in each row and column. The symbolic marks can be English letters, Arabic numerals, Roman letters, or other conventionally arranged symbols or symbols. Letters, these symbols and letters can be printed on the body surface locator, and can also be hollowed out, depending on the specific needs. These symbols can facilitate quick reading and positioning during surgery. In addition, the two opposite sides of the body surface locator 4 are respectively provided with strip-shaped positioning grooves, so that the body surface locator can be fixed on the outside of the patient's distal thigh by passing through the positioning grooves during the operation.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the patent scope of the utility model. Under the utility model concept of the utility model, the equivalent structural transformation made by using the specification of the utility model and the contents of the accompanying drawings, Or directly/indirectly used in other related technical fields are all included in the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A distal locking nail sighting device of a femoral intramedullary nail, which is characterized in that: comprises a long cylindrical outer sleeve (1), an inner sleeve (2), a long rod-shaped taper rod (3) and a body surface positioner (4); the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are made of perspective materials, the inner diameter of the outer sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the inner sleeve, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is larger than the diameter of the conical rod, and the lengths of the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve and the conical rod are sequentially increased; one end of the inner sleeve is provided with a positioning coil (5), the positioning coil and an axial through hole of the inner sleeve are coaxially arranged, and the positioning coil is made of a non-perspective material; one end of the conical rod is in a conical shape; the body surface locator is provided with a plurality of locating holes (6) through which the outer sleeve can pass.

2. The femoral intramedullary nail distal locking nail sight of claim 1, wherein: the end of the inner sleeve (2) adjacent to the pointed cone end of the cone rod (3) is provided with serrated teeth (7) at the port.

3. The intramedullary nail distal lock target of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the end part of the inner sleeve (2) back to the pointed cone end of the cone rod (3) is provided with a handle (8).

4. A distal locking nail sight for a femoral intramedullary nail according to claim 3, wherein: the handle (8) extends radially outwards of the inner sleeve (2) and abuts against the end of the outer sleeve (1).

5. A distal locking nail sight for a femoral intramedullary nail according to claim 3, wherein: the handle (8) is made of perspective material.

6. The femoral intramedullary nail distal locking nail sight of claim 1, wherein: the body surface locator (4) is an arc plate with a certain radian.

7. The intramedullary nail distal lock target of claim 1 or 6, wherein: a plurality of positioning holes (6) are arranged on the body surface positioner (4) along the matrix.

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