CN218952547U - Assembled shock attenuation floor - Google Patents
Assembled shock attenuation floor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN218952547U CN218952547U CN202221645439.6U CN202221645439U CN218952547U CN 218952547 U CN218952547 U CN 218952547U CN 202221645439 U CN202221645439 U CN 202221645439U CN 218952547 U CN218952547 U CN 218952547U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- connecting plate
- channel steel
- floor slab
- plate
- steel connecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to an assembled damping floor slab, which comprises an upper floor slab and a lower floor slab, wherein a floor slab damping connecting piece is arranged between the upper floor slab and the lower floor slab; the floor damping connecting piece comprises a connecting plate, a sealing plate and a natural rubber block, wherein the connecting plate is divided into an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate, the sealing plate is divided into an upper sealing plate and a lower sealing plate, the natural rubber block is arranged between the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, the upper connecting plate is arranged above the upper sealing plate, and the lower connecting plate is arranged below the lower sealing plate; the periphery of the lower part of the upper floor slab is provided with a first channel steel, the periphery of the lower part of the lower floor slab is provided with a second channel steel, and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate is arranged between the lower part of the lower floor slab and the second channel steel; the assembled damping floor slab has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and clear and reliable operation mechanism. The floor damping connecting piece is arranged between the upper floor and the lower floor, and plays a role in weakening horizontal earthquake.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of damping members, in particular to an assembled damping floor slab.
Background
Along with the development of the green building greatly promoted by the nation, the assembled building structure has the advantages of convenience in construction, resource saving, labor force reduction and the like due to the functional characteristics of building component, building industrialization, building standardization and the like, and is more and more valued and has wide development prospect and application value. The building floor is used as a main bearing and load transferring structure, not only meets the requirement of human strength under the action of vertical load, but also has certain rigidity so as to ensure the stability requirement of the whole structure. Compared with the traditional cast-in-situ structure system, the prefabricated structure has obvious advantages that the structure is divided into components at different positions and is concentrated to a factory for production, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the engineering quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the template and the on-site concrete wet operation are reduced, so that the construction speed is greatly improved, the structure construction period is effectively shortened, and the investment recovery rate and the economic benefit are improved.
In high-rise and super-high-rise damping systems, passive damping technology is mostly adopted, and the main methods include vibration isolation technology, energy consumption damping technology and tuning damping technology. Common ways are: a. the laminated rubber support shock insulation technology is that a laminated rubber support shock insulation system capable of artificially changing the vibration characteristic of a structural system is arranged between an upper structure and a foundation (or a lower structure) of a building, so that the upper structure of the building is separated from a foundation, and an effective transmission path of seismic energy to the upper structure is blocked; b. buckling restrained braces, viscous dampers or other types of dampers are added on the upper system of the building structure to consume the input earthquake energy and ensure the safety of the structure; c. an additional substructure with mass, stiffness and damping is arranged at a certain position of the structure, and the additional substructure is in a certain relation with the dynamic performance of the original structure system, so that the seismic energy is redistributed between the original structure and the additional substructure, and the vibration of the original structure is reduced.
In practical engineering, the energy consumption device is limited by the applicable requirement, and the installation position of the energy consumption device is often limited, such as a reinforced concrete shear wall structure or other structures with higher requirements on permeability in a building surface. Therefore, some components, such as connecting beams or partial shear wall components, are selected to be used as displacement energy consumption components in many times, and the damping research by using the floor slab is less.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defect that the existing floor slab does not have a damping function.
The utility model relates to an assembled damping floor slab, which comprises an upper floor slab and a lower floor slab, wherein the floor slab damping connecting piece is arranged between the upper floor slab and the lower floor slab; the floor damping connecting piece comprises a connecting plate, a sealing plate and a natural rubber block, wherein the connecting plate is divided into an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate, the sealing plate is divided into an upper sealing plate and a lower sealing plate, the natural rubber block is arranged between the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, the upper connecting plate is arranged above the upper sealing plate, and the lower connecting plate is arranged below the lower sealing plate; the lower floor is characterized in that first channel steel is arranged around the lower portion of the upper floor, second channel steel is arranged around the lower portion of the lower floor, and polytetrafluoroethylene plates are further arranged between the lower portion of the lower floor and the second channel steel.
Further, first channel-section steel includes first channel-section steel connecting plate, second channel-section steel connecting plate, third channel-section steel connecting plate, first channel-section steel connecting plate is vertical, parallel arrangement with third channel-section steel connecting plate, and second channel-section steel connecting plate level sets up to the upper end of first channel-section steel connecting plate is connected with the left side of second channel-section steel connecting plate, and the upper end of third channel-section steel connecting plate is connected with the right side of second channel-section steel connecting plate, the top of second channel-section steel connecting plate is provided with a plurality of bolt holes, upper portion floor passes through connecting bolt connection with second channel-section steel connecting plate.
Further, the second channel steel comprises a fourth channel steel connecting plate, a fifth channel steel connecting plate and a sixth channel steel connecting plate, wherein the fourth channel steel connecting plate is vertically flat and parallel to the sixth channel steel connecting plate, the fifth channel steel connecting plate is horizontally arranged, the upper end of the fourth channel steel connecting plate is connected with the left side of the fifth channel steel connecting plate, the upper end of the sixth channel steel connecting plate is connected with the right side of the fifth channel steel connecting plate, a lower floor slab is arranged above the fifth channel steel connecting plate, and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate is further arranged between the lower floor slab and the fifth channel steel connecting plate.
Further, square steel is further arranged below the second channel steel, and a backing plate is arranged below the square steel.
Further, the filler is concrete.
Further, a sliding seam is arranged between the lower floor slab and the fifth channel steel connecting plate.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the assembled damping floor slab provided by the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in manufacture and clear and reliable operation mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the characteristics and beneficial effects that: the floor damping connecting piece is arranged between the upper floor and the lower floor, and plays a role in weakening horizontal earthquake. The polytetrafluoroethylene plate is used for supporting the lower floor slab, and friction can be reduced when the lower floor slab and the upper floor slab are relatively displaced. A certain distance is reserved between the lower floor slab and the square steel, so that collision is prevented in the relative motion process, and the lower floor slab is used for self-generating displacement and dissipating energy during shock absorption. The floor damping connecting piece is provided with a floor damping connecting piece, and the floor damping connecting piece is provided with a floor damping connecting piece. Under the earthquake action, the horizontal force exceeds the sliding friction force, the lower floor slab and the upper floor slab slide relatively, the earthquake response of the assembled damping floor slab is small, and the upper article is protected.
The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of a floor framework.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a floor slab shock absorbing connector.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a lower floor slab.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of an upper floor slab.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a channel steel.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a detailed construction of the slip joint.
In the figure: 1. an upper floor; 2. a lower floor slab; 3. a connecting plate; 3-1, an upper connecting plate; 3-2, a lower connecting plate; 4. a sealing plate; 4-1, upper sealing plates; 4-2, lower sealing plates; 5. a natural rubber block; 6. a first channel steel; 6-1, a first channel steel connecting plate; 6-2, a second channel steel connecting plate; 6-3, a third channel steel connecting plate; 7. a second channel steel; 7-1, a fourth channel steel connecting plate; 7-2, a fifth channel steel connecting plate; 7-3, a sixth channel steel connecting plate; 8. square steel; 9. a polytetrafluoroethylene plate; 9-1, transverse polytetrafluoroethylene plates; 9-2, longitudinal polytetrafluoroethylene plates; 10. a backing plate; 11. a connecting bolt; 12 bolt holes; 13 sliding slits.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description, structural features and functions of the present utility model are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples in order to further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present utility model to achieve the predetermined objects.
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "aligned," "overlapping," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present utility model and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly; in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an assembled damping floor slab as shown in fig. 1-5, which comprises an upper floor slab 1 and a lower floor slab 2, and a floor slab damping connecting piece arranged between the upper floor slab 1 and the lower floor slab 2; the floor damping connecting piece comprises a connecting plate 3, a sealing plate 4 and a natural rubber block 5, wherein the connecting plate 3 is divided into an upper connecting plate 3-1 and a lower connecting plate 3-2, the sealing plate 4 is divided into an upper sealing plate 4-1 and a lower sealing plate 4-2, the natural rubber block 5 is arranged between the upper sealing plate 4-1 and the lower sealing plate 4-2, the upper connecting plate 3-1 is arranged above the upper sealing plate 4-1, and the lower connecting plate 3-2 is arranged below the lower sealing plate 4-2; the utility model discloses a floor, including upper portion floor 1, lower floor 2, first channel-section steel 6 is provided with all around below upper portion floor 1, lower portion floor 2 below is provided with second channel-section steel 7 all around, that is to say, first channel-section steel 6, second channel-section steel 7 all are provided with four, and four first channel-section steel 6 are located the below of upper portion floor 1, and four second channel-section steel 7 are located the below of lower portion floor 2, still be provided with polytetrafluoroethylene board 9 between lower portion floor 2 and the second channel-section steel 7, because second channel-section steel 7 is provided with four, the polytetrafluoroethylene board 9 that corresponds also is provided with four.
The floor damping connecting piece is specifically connected with the upper floor 1 and the lower floor 2 in the following manner: the natural rubber block 5 is connected with the upper sealing plate 4-1 and the lower sealing plate 4-2 through the adhesive, the upper sealing plate 4-1 is connected with the upper connecting plate 3-1 and the upper floor slab 1 through the connecting screw 11, therefore, screw connecting holes are formed in the upper sealing plate 4-1, the upper connecting plate 3-1 and the upper floor slab 1, the lower sealing plate 4-2 is connected with the lower connecting plate 3-2 and the lower floor slab 2 through the connecting screw 11, and therefore, screw connecting holes are also formed in the lower sealing plate 4-2, the lower connecting plate 3-2 and the lower floor slab 2.
Further, the first channel steel 6 comprises a first channel steel connecting plate 6-1, a second channel steel connecting plate 6-2 and a third channel steel connecting plate 6-3, the first channel steel connecting plate 6-1 and the third channel steel connecting plate 6-3 are arranged vertically and in parallel, the second channel steel connecting plate 6-2 is horizontally arranged, the upper end of the first channel steel connecting plate 6-1 is connected with the left side of the second channel steel connecting plate 6-2, the upper end of the third channel steel connecting plate 6-3 is connected with the right side of the second channel steel connecting plate 6-2, a plurality of bolt holes 12 are formed in the upper portion of the second channel steel connecting plate 6-2, and the upper portion floor slab 1 is connected with the second channel steel connecting plate 6-2 through connecting bolts 11.
Further, the second channel steel 7 comprises a fourth channel steel connecting plate 7-1, a fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2 and a sixth channel steel connecting plate 7-3, the fourth channel steel connecting plate 7-1 and the sixth channel steel connecting plate 7-3 are vertically flat and parallel, the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2 is horizontally arranged, the upper end of the fourth channel steel connecting plate 7-1 is connected with the left side of the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2, the upper end of the sixth channel steel connecting plate 7-3 is connected with the right side of the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2, a lower floor slab 2 is arranged above the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2, and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate 9 is further arranged between the lower floor slab 2 and the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2.
Further, square steel 8 is further arranged below the second channel steel 7, the square steel 8 is used for connecting the first channel steel 6 and the second channel steel 7, a backing plate 10 is arranged below the square steel 8, and the backing plate 10 is used for supporting the upper integral structure.
Further, the filler is concrete or other building filler materials.
Further, a sliding slot 13 is arranged between the lower floor slab 2 and the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2, and is used for self-generating displacement and dissipating energy during shock absorption.
The operation mechanism is as follows:
the floor is an important component of a main structure, the floor generates horizontal vibration along with a structural beam column in a structural plane under the action of earthquake load or wind load, and a natural rubber block 5 is arranged between the upper floor 1 and the lower floor 2, so that the floor has the characteristics of elasticity, similar to a spring, viscosity, similar to viscous liquid and excellent shock absorption.
According to the rigidity characteristic parameters, the quality characteristic parameters and the like of each main vibration direction of the main structure, the total rigidity characteristic of the natural rubber block 5 is roughly determined, then the specific length, the height, the width, the specific material parameters and the like of the natural rubber block 5, the transverse polytetrafluoroethylene plate 9-1 and the longitudinal polytetrafluoroethylene plate 9-2 are further determined, the modular layout and the installation of the system are formed, the multi-region vibration absorption can be conveniently realized, and the installation precision and the installation efficiency are improved.
When the values of the parameters are proper, when the floor slab generates horizontal vibration along with the beam column component of the main body structure in any direction, the sliding friction force of the natural rubber block 5 is used as a switch for controlling sliding, and under normal use conditions, the horizontal force does not exceed the sliding friction force, and the lower floor slab 2 and the upper floor slab 1 of the vibration isolation floor slab slide relatively. As shown in fig. 1, under the earthquake action, the horizontal force exceeds the sliding friction force, the lower floor slab 2 and the upper floor slab 1 of the earthquake isolation floor slab slide relatively, the transverse polytetrafluoroethylene plate 9-1 and the longitudinal polytetrafluoroethylene plate 9-2 can reduce friction between the lower floor slab 2 and channel steel, a certain protection effect is achieved on the structure, and further the earthquake response of the vibration absorption superposed floor slab is small, so that the purpose of structural vibration absorption is achieved, and the protection effect on an upper article is achieved.
Step one, the natural rubber block 5 is glued and bonded with the sealing plate 4 through an adhesive, and the sealing plate 4 is provided with a connecting bolt 11.
And step two, fixing the test piece manufactured in the step one in the reserved first steel plate groove 6 and the reserved second steel plate groove 7 of the upper floor slab 1 and the reserved second steel plate groove 7 of the lower floor slab 2, and connecting the test piece by connecting bolts 11. The sliding friction force of the natural rubber block 5 is used as a switch for controlling sliding and is used for energy consumption and shock absorption.
And thirdly, connecting a fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2 of the second channel steel 7 with the lower floor slab 2 through a connecting bolt 11, wherein a bolt hole 12 is reserved on the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2. A certain sliding gap 13 is reserved between the fifth channel steel connecting plate 7-2 of the second channel steel 7 and the lower floor slab 2, and the sliding gap is used for self-generating displacement and dissipating energy during shock absorption.
And fourthly, filling a transverse polytetrafluoroethylene plate 9-1 and a longitudinal polytetrafluoroethylene plate 9-2 between the lower floor slab 2 and a fourth channel steel connecting plate 7-1 of the second channel steel 7, and supporting the lower floor slab 2, and simultaneously reducing friction between the lower floor slab 2 and the second channel steel 7 when the upper floor slab 1 and the lower floor slab 2 are relatively displaced.
And fifthly, connecting the manufactured assembled damping floor slab with a large structural frame to fix and restrain the assembled damping plate inside.
In conclusion, the assembled damping floor slab is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture and clear and reliable in operation mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the characteristics and beneficial effects that: the viscous rubber block is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate to play a role in isolating horizontal earthquake. The polytetrafluoroethylene plate is used for supporting the bottom plate, and friction can be reduced when the bottom plate and the top plate are subjected to relative displacement. A certain distance is reserved between the bottom plate and the outer frame, collision is prevented in the relative motion process, and the shock absorber is used for self-generating displacement and dissipating energy during shock absorption. The vibration-proof controller is not required to be arranged, and the sliding friction force of the viscous rubber block is used as a switch for controlling sliding, so that under normal use conditions, the horizontal force does not exceed the sliding friction force, and the bottom plate and the top plate do not slide relatively. Under the earthquake action, the horizontal force exceeds the sliding friction force, the bottom plate and the top plate slide relatively, the earthquake response of the assembled damping floor slab is small, and the upper article is protected.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the utility model in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the utility model be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an assembled shock attenuation floor which characterized in that: the floor slab damping connecting piece comprises an upper floor slab (1) and a lower floor slab (2), and is arranged between the upper floor slab (1) and the lower floor slab (2); the floor damping connecting piece comprises a connecting plate (3), a sealing plate (4) and a natural rubber block (5), wherein the connecting plate (3) is divided into an upper connecting plate (3-1) and a lower connecting plate (3-2), the sealing plate (4) is divided into an upper sealing plate (4-1) and a lower sealing plate (4-2), the natural rubber block (5) is arranged between the upper sealing plate (4-1) and the lower sealing plate (4-2), the upper connecting plate (3-1) is arranged above the upper sealing plate (4-1), and the lower connecting plate (3-2) is arranged below the lower sealing plate (4-2); the novel floor slab is characterized in that first channel steel (6) is arranged around the lower portion of the upper floor slab (1), second channel steel (7) is arranged around the lower portion of the lower floor slab (2), and polytetrafluoroethylene plates (9) are further arranged between the lower portion of the lower floor slab (2) and the second channel steel (7).
2. A fabricated vibration-damping floor according to claim 1, wherein: the first channel steel (6) comprises a first channel steel connecting plate (6-1), a second channel steel connecting plate (6-2) and a third channel steel connecting plate (6-3), wherein the first channel steel connecting plate (6-1) and the third channel steel connecting plate (6-3) are vertically and parallelly arranged, the second channel steel connecting plate (6-2) is horizontally arranged, the upper end of the first channel steel connecting plate (6-1) is connected with the left side of the second channel steel connecting plate (6-2), the upper end of the third channel steel connecting plate (6-3) is connected with the right side of the second channel steel connecting plate (6-2), a plurality of bolt holes (12) are formed in the upper portion of the second channel steel connecting plate (6-2), and the upper portion floor slab (1) and the second channel steel connecting plate (6-2) are connected through connecting bolts (11).
3. A fabricated vibration-damping floor according to claim 1, wherein: the second channel steel (7) comprises a fourth channel steel connecting plate (7-1), a fifth channel steel connecting plate (7-2) and a sixth channel steel connecting plate (7-3), wherein the fourth channel steel connecting plate (7-1) and the sixth channel steel connecting plate (7-3) are vertically and parallelly arranged, the fifth channel steel connecting plate (7-2) is horizontally arranged, the upper end of the fourth channel steel connecting plate (7-1) is connected with the left side of the fifth channel steel connecting plate (7-2), the upper end of the sixth channel steel connecting plate (7-3) is connected with the right side of the fifth channel steel connecting plate (7-2), a lower floor slab (2) is arranged above the fifth channel steel connecting plate (7-2), and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate (9) is further arranged between the lower floor slab (2) and the fifth channel steel connecting plate (7-2).
4. A fabricated vibration-damping floor according to claim 1, wherein: square steel (8) is further arranged below the second channel steel (7), and a backing plate (10) is arranged below the square steel (8).
5. A fabricated vibration-damping floor according to claim 1, wherein: a sliding seam (13) is arranged between the lower floor slab (2) and the fifth channel steel connecting plate (7-2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221645439.6U CN218952547U (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2022-06-28 | Assembled shock attenuation floor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221645439.6U CN218952547U (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2022-06-28 | Assembled shock attenuation floor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218952547U true CN218952547U (en) | 2023-05-02 |
Family
ID=86105344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221645439.6U Active CN218952547U (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2022-06-28 | Assembled shock attenuation floor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN218952547U (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-06-28 CN CN202221645439.6U patent/CN218952547U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107217739B (en) | Frame structure for floor vibration isolation and mounting method thereof | |
| CN109898691B (en) | Damping grounding type fabricated reinforced concrete tuned mass damping wall | |
| CN210288752U (en) | Damping grounding type fabricated reinforced concrete tuned mass damping wall | |
| CN213805987U (en) | Assembled shock attenuation wall body frame construction | |
| CN103233531A (en) | Assembly-type viscoelastic damping wall | |
| KR101372087B1 (en) | Strengthen method for steel frame structure using seismic control device | |
| CN105735527A (en) | Shear wall with two sides connected with wholly-assembled double-layer pre-folded-line steel plates | |
| CN218952547U (en) | Assembled shock attenuation floor | |
| CN110080407B (en) | Damping device for building | |
| CN112459584B (en) | Wallboard concatenation and ground absorbing assembled frame construction | |
| CN115217252A (en) | Assembled shock attenuation floor | |
| CN212613011U (en) | Assembled shock attenuation frame | |
| JP5236574B2 (en) | Steel structure floor structure system | |
| CN211285970U (en) | Energy-consuming and shock-absorbing beam column joint structure for prefabricated building | |
| CN113931312A (en) | Gravity and lateral force separated assembly type energy dissipation structure system and design method | |
| CN210013237U (en) | Combined assembly type damping floating platform | |
| CN217420114U (en) | Prefabricated friction shock attenuation wall structure | |
| CN112575944A (en) | Inertia reinforced floating floor structure system | |
| CN213143466U (en) | Building shock isolation device | |
| CN113585511B (en) | Construction and implementation method for solving out-of-plane rigidity of viscous damping wall | |
| CN210827914U (en) | Precast concrete assembled protective wallboard | |
| CN113250315B (en) | Energy-consuming type connected structure, connected building system and construction method | |
| CN220167228U (en) | Assembled buckling restrained damping wall structure | |
| CN216743135U (en) | Air pipe anti-seismic support | |
| CN213572500U (en) | Corrugated steel plate-lead composite member |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |