CN218938498U - Laser radar optical system and laser radar - Google Patents
Laser radar optical system and laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN218938498U CN218938498U CN202223059313.3U CN202223059313U CN218938498U CN 218938498 U CN218938498 U CN 218938498U CN 202223059313 U CN202223059313 U CN 202223059313U CN 218938498 U CN218938498 U CN 218938498U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a laser radar optical system and a laser radar, wherein a transmitting light path capable of transmitting optical signals and a receiving light path capable of receiving the optical signals are formed in the laser radar optical system, the laser radar optical system comprises a tunable transmitter, a receiver and a diffraction grating, the tunable transmitter is arranged on the transmitting light path and used for transmitting optical signals with continuously variable wavelength, the receiver is arranged on the receiving light path and used for receiving the optical signals, the diffraction grating is simultaneously arranged on the transmitting light path and the receiving light path, and the tunable transmitter and the diffraction grating are arranged to realize all-solid-state laser scanning without moving parts.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to a laser radar optical system and a laser radar.
Background
Lidar is a highly integrated space detection device for optoelectronics, and has wide application in many scenarios. The laser radar can be classified into a mechanical scanning laser radar, a semi-solid scanning laser radar and an all-solid scanning laser radar according to the scanning mode of the emergent light beam. The mechanical scanning laser radar is based on motor scanning, and the rotation of a motor is controlled to drive the space of a reflecting mirror to rotate, so that scanning of detection light beams at different space angles is realized. Semi-solid scanning lidar is a typical semi-solid lidar in which the spatial scanning of probe beams is achieved by a miniaturized, low-power-consumption spatial beam scanning element, such as a lidar based on MEMS (micro-electromechanical structure) technology scanning. The core of the all-solid-state laser radar is that no moving parts are needed, and the scanning of light beams in space is realized in a phase change mode, so that the performance is stable. However, the existing all-solid-state laser radar has strict process requirements, high production process difficulty and difficulty in realizing batch production in a short time.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model mainly aims to provide a laser radar optical system and a laser radar, and aims to solve the problem that the existing all-solid-state laser radar is difficult to produce in batches.
In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides a laser radar optical system in which a transmission optical path capable of transmitting an optical signal and a reception optical path capable of receiving the optical signal are formed, the laser radar optical system comprising:
the tunable transmitter is arranged on the transmitting light path and is used for transmitting optical signals with continuously variable wavelengths;
the receiver is arranged on the receiving light path and is used for receiving the optical signal; the method comprises the steps of,
and the diffraction grating is arranged on the transmitting light path and the receiving light path simultaneously.
Optionally, the tunable transmitter comprises a tunable laser.
Optionally, the tunable transmitter includes a broadband light source and a tunable filter coupled to the broadband light source.
Optionally, the laser radar optical system further includes a multicore optical fiber contact pin and an optical switch, the multicore optical fiber contact pin is connected with the tunable emitter, and two ends of the optical switch are respectively connected with the tunable emitter and the multicore optical fiber contact pin.
Optionally, the diffraction grating is obliquely arranged; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
the diffraction grating comprises an emission section corresponding to the emission light path, and the emission section is arranged in an arc shape.
Optionally, the laser radar optical system further comprises a first lens disposed on the emission light path, the first lens being between the tunable emitter and the diffraction grating.
Optionally, the laser radar optical system further comprises a mirror disposed on the emission light path, the mirror being between the tunable emitter and the diffraction grating.
Optionally, the laser radar optical system further comprises a second lens disposed on the receiving optical path, the second lens being between the receiver and the diffraction grating; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
the laser radar optical system further comprises an optical filter arranged on the receiving light path, and the optical filter is arranged between the second lens and the diffraction grating.
Optionally, the optical axis of the transmitting optical path is parallel to the optical axis of the receiving optical path.
In addition, the utility model also provides a laser radar which comprises the laser radar optical system.
According to the technical scheme, the tunable emitter emits light signals with continuously variable wavelengths to the diffraction grating, the light signals are scattered by the diffraction grating and then emitted to the target through free space, meanwhile, echo signals reflected by the target are emitted to the diffraction grating, scattered and collected by the diffraction grating and then transmitted to the receiver through free space to realize signal detection of the target echo, and therefore, the wavelength of the emitted light signals is changed through the tunable emitter, the emitting angle of the light signals passing through the diffraction grating is changed through the diffraction grating, free scanning of the emitted signals in space is realized, variable angle scanning of the light signals with different wavelengths behind the diffraction grating is realized, all-solid-state laser scanning without moving parts is realized, meanwhile, echo signals of the target are collected through the diffraction grating, so that the diffraction grating can be simultaneously used for the emitting light path and the receiving light path, multiplexing of the light path is realized, the number of components of an integral optical system is reduced, and the size and cost of the laser radar are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser radar optical system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the lidar optical system of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the multi-line transmission structure of the lidar optical system of fig. 1.
Reference numerals illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name of the name | Reference numerals | Name of the |
| 100 | Laser radar |
5 | First lens |
| 1 | Tunable transmitter | 6 | Reflecting |
| 2 | Receiver with a receiver body | 7 | |
| 3 | Diffraction grating | 8 | |
| 4 | Optical fiber contact pin |
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the case where a directional instruction is involved in the embodiment of the present utility model, the directional instruction is merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional instruction is changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.
Lidar is a highly integrated space detection device for optoelectronics, and has wide application in many scenarios. The laser radar can be classified into a mechanical scanning laser radar, a semi-solid scanning laser radar and an all-solid scanning laser radar according to the scanning mode of the emergent light beam. The mechanical scanning laser radar is based on motor scanning, and the rotation of a motor is controlled to drive the space of a reflecting mirror to rotate, so that scanning of detection light beams at different space angles is realized. Semi-solid scanning lidar is a typical semi-solid lidar in which the spatial scanning of probe beams is achieved by a miniaturized, low-power-consumption spatial beam scanning element, such as a lidar based on MEMS (micro-electromechanical structure) technology scanning. The core of the all-solid-state laser radar is that no moving parts are needed, and the scanning of light beams in space is realized in a phase change mode, so that the performance is stable. However, the existing all-solid-state laser radar has strict process requirements, high production process difficulty and difficulty in realizing batch production in a short time.
In view of the above, the utility model provides a laser radar optical system, which aims to solve the problem that the existing all-solid-state laser radar is difficult to produce in batches. Fig. 1 to fig. 3 are schematic structural diagrams of an embodiment of a lidar optical system provided by the present utility model.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a transmitting optical path capable of transmitting an optical signal and a receiving optical path capable of receiving an optical signal are formed in the laser radar optical system 100, the laser radar optical system 100 includes a tunable transmitter 1, a receiver 2, and a diffraction grating 3, the tunable transmitter 1 is disposed on the transmitting optical path and is used for transmitting an optical signal with a continuously variable wavelength, the receiver 2 is disposed on the receiving optical path and is used for receiving an optical signal, and the diffraction grating 3 is disposed on both the transmitting optical path and the receiving optical path.
In the technical scheme of the utility model, the tunable transmitter 1 sends out a light signal with continuously variable wavelength to the diffraction grating 3, the light signal is scattered by the diffraction grating 3 and then is emitted to a target through free space, meanwhile, an echo signal reflected by the target is emitted to the diffraction grating 3, the echo signal is scattered and collected by the diffraction grating 3 and then is transmitted to the receiver 2 through free space to realize signal detection of the target echo, thus, the wavelength of the emitted light signal is changed by the tunable transmitter 1, the emission angle of the light signal passing through the diffraction grating 3 is changed by the diffraction grating 3, so that the light signal with different wavelengths can be scanned freely in space, the variable angle scanning of the light signal with different wavelengths after the diffraction grating 3 is realized, the all-solid-state laser scanning without moving parts is realized, and meanwhile, the echo signal of the target is collected by the diffraction grating 3, so that the diffraction grating 3 can be simultaneously used for the emission light path and the receiving light path, thereby realizing multiplexing of the light path, the number of the whole optical system elements is reduced, the volume and the cost of the laser radar are reduced.
Note that, the scanning principle of the laser radar optical system 100 is as follows: the output wavelength of the single-wavelength tunable light source is lambda, the wavelength tuning resolution is delta lambda, and the wavelength tuning range is [ lambda ] min ，λ max ]Wherein lambda is min And lambda (lambda) max Representing the minimum and maximum wavelength values of wavelength tuning, respectively. Let the line number interval of the grating be d, the incident angle be d, the diffraction angle be
The diffraction order is k, so that the switching angle of the optical signal meets the grating diffraction equation, +.>
Therefore, the diffraction angle is: />
It can be seen that the diffraction angle of the optical signal is +.>
And is related to the wavelength lambda. When the wavelength tuning resolution is δλ, the corresponding beam scanning angle resolution +.>
The method comprises the following steps:
when the wavelength is [ lambda ] min ，λ max ]When the angle varies, the corresponding beam scanning angle range +.>
The method comprises the following steps:
it can be seen that by increasing the wavelength tuning range of the tunable light source, the scanning angle of the optical signal can be increased; by reducing the resolution of the wavelength tuning, the resolution of the wavelength scanning wavelength can be reduced.
The tunable transmitters 1 have a plurality of types, specifically, in an embodiment, the tunable transmitters 1 include tunable lasers, and since the laser has good quality, has very good monochromaticity, directivity and stability, and helps to improve the detection distance and detection quality of the laser radar optical system 100, and meanwhile, the tunable lasers have small volume, simple structure, and can be connected with flexible optical fibers, so that the tunable transmitters can be designed to be quite small and flexible, are convenient to use, are easy to integrate, and have high cost performance.
In another embodiment, the tunable transmitter 1 includes a broadband light source and a tunable filter connected to the broadband light source, where the broadband light source emits a broad spectrum signal, and the tunable filter filters an unwanted wavelength signal to output a single wavelength signal with a narrow line width, so that the broadband light source and the tunable filter are configured to emit an optical signal with a continuously variable wavelength, which has lower cost and cost performance than a tunable laser, thereby facilitating rapid industrialization. Further, the narrower the spectral linewidth of the output of the adjustable filter is, the better the effect of light beam scanning is. It will be appreciated that the tunable filter may employ tuning elements based on F-P etalons, elements of other tunable techniques, etc., as the utility model is not limited in this regard.
The optical signal emitted by the tunable transmitter 1 is usually emitted to a free space through the optical fiber pin 4 so as to scan a target, further, the optical fiber pin 4 may be a single-core optical fiber pin or a multi-core optical fiber pin, which is not limited in this utility model, but only can be used for planar scanning, and the height of the target cannot be measured, so in this embodiment, please refer to fig. 1 and 3, the laser radar optical system 100 further includes a multi-core optical fiber pin and an optical switch, the multi-core optical fiber pin is connected with the tunable transmitter 1, two ends of the optical switch are respectively connected with the tunable transmitter 1 and the multi-core optical fiber pin, the optical signal is emitted from the multi-core optical fiber pin to the free space, the optical signal of the multi-core optical fiber pin sequentially exits along different angles, and then passes through the diffraction grating 3 to scan in space, so that the laser radar optical system 100 can realize multi-line scanning, thereby obtaining a multi-dimensional detection point of space, and simultaneously switching optical parameters of the laser radar can be achieved, and the optical parameters of the laser radar can be switched between different channels. It is to be understood that the optical switch may be an optical signal switch based on MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system), or may be an optical signal switch based on optical crystal or electro-optical modulation, etc., which is not limited in the present utility model.
In order to increase the detection distance of the lidar optical system 100, in this embodiment, the diffraction grating 3 is disposed obliquely, so that the light energy of the diffraction grating 3 is concentrated in a predetermined direction, so that the intensity of the spectrum is maximized when the lidar optical system 100 detects in the predetermined direction, thereby helping to increase the detection distance of the lidar optical system 100.
In order to increase the detection range of the laser radar optical system 100, in this embodiment, the diffraction grating 3 includes an emission segment corresponding to the emission light path, and the emission segment is disposed in an arc shape, so as to change the emission angle of the optical signal of the emission segment, and expand the scattering range of the diffraction grating 3, thereby helping to increase the detection range of the laser radar optical system 100.
It should be noted that the two related technical features are as follows: the diffraction grating 3 is obliquely arranged, the emission section is arc-shaped, and the diffraction grating and the emission section can be alternatively arranged or simultaneously arranged, and the utility model is not limited to the above.
In order to adjust the optical signal emitted by the tunable emitter 1, in this embodiment, the lidar optical system 100 further includes a first lens 5 disposed on the emission path, and the first lens 5 is located between the tunable emitter 1 and the diffraction grating 3, so as to shape the optical signal emitted by the tunable emitter 1 so that the optical signal can be parallel directed to the diffraction grating 3.
The tunable transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 may be disposed in the same direction or different directions, for example, the tunable transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 may be disposed in both directions, or the tunable transmitter 1 may be disposed in a horizontal direction, and the receiver 2 may be disposed in both directions, which is not limited in the present utility model, but since the tunable transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 are disposed in the same direction, the same direction structure is too much, and it is inconvenient to dispose, and for this reason, the laser radar optical system 100 further includes a mirror 6 disposed on the transmission path, where the mirror 6 is disposed between the tunable transmitter 1 and the diffraction grating 3, and thus, by disposing the mirror 6, the disposition position of the tunable transmitter 1 can be changed, so that the tunable transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 are disposed in different directions, which is helpful to optimize the disposition of the tunable transmitter 1 and the receiver 2.
In order to facilitate the reception of echo signals by the receiver 2, in this embodiment, the lidar optical system 100 further comprises a second lens 7 disposed on the receiving optical path, the second lens 7 being disposed between the receiver 2 and the diffraction grating 3, such that the echo signals are converged to the receiver 2 by the second lens 7 so as to be received by the echo signals.
In order to improve the quality of the echo signal, in this embodiment, the laser radar optical system 100 further includes a filter 8 disposed on the receiving optical path, where the filter 8 is disposed between the second lens 7 and the diffraction grating 3, so that by disposing the filter 8, unnecessary wavelength bands and stray light signals are filtered out, so as to improve the quality of the echo signal.
It should be noted that the two related technical features are as follows: the laser radar optical system 100 further comprises a second lens 7 arranged on the receiving light path, and the laser radar optical system 100 further comprises an optical filter 8 arranged on the receiving light path, so that the laser radar optical system can be alternatively arranged and can be simultaneously arranged, and obviously, the setting effect is better.
The transmitting optical path and the receiving optical path of the laser radar optical system 100 may be coaxial, and the transmitting optical path and the receiving optical path may also be not coaxial, which is not limited by the present utility model, specifically, in this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the optical axis of the transmitting optical path and the optical axis of the receiving optical path are arranged in parallel, so that the transmitting optical path and the receiving optical path are separated, so that the transmitting optical path shields the receiving loop, so that the receiving optical path can receive more optical signals, and the laser radar optical system 100 can detect a longer distance.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present utility model also provides a lidar including the above lidar optical system 100. It should be noted that, the structure of the laser radar optical system 100 in the laser radar may refer to the embodiment of the laser radar optical system 100 described above, and will not be described herein again; because the laser radar optical system 100 is used in the laser radar provided by the present utility model, the embodiments of the laser radar provided by the present utility model include all the technical schemes of all the embodiments of the laser radar optical system 100, and the achieved technical effects are identical, and are not described in detail herein.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all equivalent structural changes made by the specification and drawings of the present utility model or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A laser radar optical system in which a transmission optical path capable of transmitting an optical signal and a reception optical path capable of receiving an optical signal are formed, the laser radar optical system comprising:
the tunable transmitter is arranged on the transmitting light path and is used for transmitting optical signals with continuously variable wavelengths;
the receiver is arranged on the receiving light path and is used for receiving the optical signal; the method comprises the steps of,
and the diffraction grating is arranged on the transmitting light path and the receiving light path simultaneously.
2. The lidar optical system of claim 1, wherein the tunable transmitter comprises a tunable laser.
3. The lidar optical system of claim 1, wherein the tunable transmitter comprises a broadband light source and a tunable filter coupled to the broadband light source.
4. The lidar optical system of claim 1, further comprising a multi-core fiber stub and an optical switch, the multi-core fiber stub connected to the tunable emitter, and two ends of the optical switch connected to the tunable emitter and the multi-core fiber stub, respectively.
5. The lidar optical system of claim 1, wherein the diffraction grating is disposed obliquely; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
the diffraction grating comprises an emission section corresponding to the emission light path, and the emission section is arranged in an arc shape.
6. The lidar optical system of claim 1, further comprising a first lens disposed on the transmit light path, the first lens being between the tunable emitter and the diffraction grating.
7. The lidar optical system of claim 1, further comprising a mirror disposed on the transmit light path, the mirror being between the tunable emitter and the diffraction grating.
8. The lidar optical system of claim 1, further comprising a second lens disposed on the receive optical path, the second lens being between the receiver and the diffraction grating; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
the laser radar optical system further comprises an optical filter arranged on the receiving light path, and the optical filter is arranged between the second lens and the diffraction grating.
9. The lidar optical system of claim 1, wherein an optical axis of the transmit optical path is disposed parallel to an optical axis of the receive optical path.
10. A lidar comprising a lidar optical system according to any of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202223059313.3U CN218938498U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Laser radar optical system and laser radar |
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| CN202223059313.3U CN218938498U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Laser radar optical system and laser radar |
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| CN218938498U true CN218938498U (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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| CN202223059313.3U Active CN218938498U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Laser radar optical system and laser radar |
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