CN218904447U - Clamp - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a clamp which comprises a base, a positioning structure, a limiting structure and a supporting structure, wherein the positioning structure, the limiting structure and the supporting structure are all arranged on the base, the positioning structure penetrates through a part to be processed to position the part to be processed, the limiting structure is pressed on the part to be processed to fix the part to be processed, and the supporting structure is arranged at the bottom of the part to be processed to support the part to be processed. The fixture disclosed by the utility model can accurately control the relative position of the part to be machined in the machine tool, ensure the actual machining requirement of the part to be machined, and effectively avoid the phenomena that the tolerance level of the part to be machined is influenced by part sliding, part deformation and the like of the part to be machined in the actual machining production process.

Description

Clamp

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of part machining, in particular to a clamp.

Background

A machine tool holder is a device on a machine tool for clamping a workpiece and guiding a tool, which serves to position the workpiece so that the workpiece obtains a correct position relative to the machine tool and the tool and to clamp the workpiece reliably.

The diesel engine is generally referred to as a diesel engine, and has the characteristics of better heat efficiency and economy, the diesel engine adopts a method of compressed air to increase the air temperature to ensure that the air temperature exceeds the self-ignition point of diesel, and then the diesel, diesel spray and air are mixed and simultaneously self-ignited for combustion, so that the diesel engine does not need an ignition system. Meanwhile, the oil supply system of the diesel engine is relatively simple, so that the reliability of the diesel engine is better than that of a gasoline engine, and the compression ratio of the diesel engine is high because the diesel engine is not limited by deflagration and the diesel oil needs to be spontaneously combusted. The thermal efficiency and economy of the diesel engine are better than those of the gasoline engine, meanwhile, under the condition of the same power, the torque of the diesel engine is large, the rotating speed of the diesel engine is low when the power is maximum, and the diesel engine is suitable for being widely applied to trucks and ships and is positioned at the position of the relative core of the industrial chain. In the past decade of development, the diesel engine industry has formed a series of complete businesses, many of which have more served the role of a general carrier, and some of the key components of diesel engines: the crank connecting rod, the piston, the cylinder sleeve and the cam are all produced by professional companies. Specialized division of work has enabled diesel engine manufacturers to focus their own advantages on the design and manufacture of diesel engines. Modern diesel engines generally adopt technologies such as electric control injection, common rail, turbo charging and intercooling, etc., have made important breakthrough in weight, noise and smoke intensity, and reach the level of gasoline engines.

The existing diesel engine has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, few pipe systems, convenient installation and debugging, high power and the like, so that the structure of the cylinder cover part of the diesel engine is more complex, the shape of some parts is irregular, the gravity center is deviated to one side, and the problems of over-tolerance in size, cracks and the like in the part machining process are caused due to the problems of large mass and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present utility model to provide a clamp to solve the above problems.

According to one aspect of the utility model, a fixture is provided, which comprises a base, a positioning structure, a limiting structure and a supporting structure, wherein the positioning structure, the limiting structure and the supporting structure are all arranged on the base, the positioning structure penetrates through a part to be machined to position the part to be machined, the limiting structure is pressed on the part to be machined to fix the part to be machined, and the supporting structure is arranged at the bottom of the part to be machined to support the part to be machined.

Further, the positioning structure comprises a positioning screw rod, the lower end of the positioning screw rod is fixed on the base, the positioning screw rod is sequentially provided with a positioning guide post, three-side supports, a support pressing plate and a pressing plate nut from bottom to top, the pressing plate nut is used for fixing the three-side supports between the positioning guide post and the support pressing plate, a through hole of a part to be processed penetrates through the positioning screw rod, and three supporting angles of the three-side supports are propped against the side wall of the through hole.

Further, the limit structure comprises a main limit structure and at least one auxiliary limit structure.

Further, the main limit structure is of an inverted U-shaped structure, a limit screw is arranged on the main limit structure, one end of the limit screw is arranged in a threaded hole in the main limit structure, and the other end of the limit screw is propped against the upper end of the part to be processed to limit the part to be processed.

Further, the main limit structure comprises a first limit screw, a second limit screw and a cross rod, the cross rod is arranged on the two limit screws, the lower ends of the first limit screw and the lower ends of the second limit screw are fixed on the base, two ends of the cross rod are respectively provided with a limit screw through hole, and the upper ends of the first limit screw and the upper ends of the second limit screw respectively penetrate through the through holes and are fixed through cross rod nuts.

Further, assist limit structure includes first supplementary limit screw rod, second and assist limit screw rod and supplementary clamp plate, the second is assisted limit screw rod highly be less than first supplementary limit screw rod, first supplementary limit screw rod lower extreme with the second is assisted limit screw rod lower extreme and is all fixed on the base, supplementary clamp plate one end is provided with limited screw rod through-hole, and the other end is provided with extending structure, limit screw rod through-hole with distance between the extending structure is the same with first supplementary limit screw rod with distance between the second is assisted limit screw rod, first supplementary limit screw rod passes limit screw rod through-hole and is fixed through the nut, the one end that supplementary clamp plate was provided with limited screw rod through-hole is used for pressing to establish wait to process the part is spacing, extending structure keeps away from the one end of supplementary clamp plate supports to establish on the supplementary clamp plate of second.

Further, the extending structure comprises an extending screw, one end of the extending screw is arranged on the auxiliary pressing plate, a lower nut is arranged at the other end of the extending screw, and an upper nut is further arranged at a position, close to the auxiliary pressing plate, on the extending screw.

Further, bearing structure includes first cushion, second cushion and at least one brace table, the brace table includes round platform nut, supporting screw, supporting nut and gasket, the round platform nut sets up the supporting screw upper end, the supporting screw lower extreme passes through the supporting nut setting is in on the base, the base with still be provided with the gasket between the supporting nut.

Further, the first cushion block is further provided with a clamping and positioning structure, the clamping and positioning structure comprises a vertical block and a pressing plate, the vertical block is fixed on the outer side of the first cushion block, one side, close to the first cushion block, of the vertical block is further provided with a hexagon head bolt, the pressing plate is fixed on the inner side of the first cushion block, and the pressing plate is pressed in a through hole of a part to be processed to limit rotation position of the part to be processed.

Furthermore, two blind holes are formed in the first cushion block and the second cushion block respectively.

The utility model has the technical effects that the relative position of the part to be processed in the machine tool can be controlled more accurately, the actual processing requirement of the part to be processed is ensured, and the phenomena that the tolerance level of the part to be processed is influenced by part sliding, part deformation and the like of the part to be processed in the actual processing production process can be effectively avoided.

Other features of the present utility model and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the utility model, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the utility model.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a clamp according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a view showing the state of use of the clamp according to the embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a positioning structure in a fixture according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a main limiting structure in the clamp according to the embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the auxiliary limiting structure in the clamp according to the embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a support table in the fixture according to the embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a clamp according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

in the figure, the base is 1-, the positioning structure is 2-, the positioning guide pillar is 21-, the three-sided support is 22-, the support pressing plate is 23-, the pressing plate nut is 24-, the positioning screw is 25-, the main limiting structure is 31-, the first limiting screw is 311-, the second limiting screw is 312-, the cross bar is 313-, the limiting screw is 314-, the protrusion is 315-32-auxiliary limiting structure, the first auxiliary limiting screw is 321-first auxiliary limiting screw, the second auxiliary limiting screw is 322-second auxiliary limiting screw is 323-auxiliary pressing plate, the first screw sleeve is 324-first screw sleeve, the screw sleeve nut is 325-screw sleeve is 326-second screw sleeve, the extending screw is 327-328-upper screw nut, the 329-lower screw nut is 41-first cushion block, 411-blind hole, 412-vertical block, 413-hexagon head bolt, 414-pressing plate, 42-supporting table, 421-round table nut, 422-supporting screw, 423-supporting screw, 43-second cushion block and 5-part to be processed.

Detailed Description

Various exemplary embodiments of the present utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present utility model unless it is specifically stated otherwise.

The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the utility model, its application, or uses.

Techniques and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate.

In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.

The utility model provides a fixture, as shown in fig. 1, includes base 1, location structure 2, limit structure and bearing structure, and location structure 2, limit structure and bearing structure all set up on base 1, and location structure 2 passes to wait to process part 5 in order to treat to process part 5 location, and limit structure presses to establish to wait to process part 5 in order to fix to wait to process part 5, and bearing structure sets up to wait to process part 5 bottom in order to support to wait to process part 5.

In the embodiment of the present utility model, the part 5 to be machined is a cylinder head of a diesel engine, as shown in fig. 2, and in other embodiments of the present utility model, the part 5 to be machined may be other similar box parts.

In an embodiment of the utility model, the positioning structure 2 is such that, as shown in fig. 3: the positioning structure 2 comprises a positioning screw rod 25, the lower end of the positioning screw rod 25 is fixed on the base 1, the positioning screw rod 25 is sequentially provided with a positioning guide post 21, a three-side support 22, a support pressing plate 23 and a pressing plate nut 24 from bottom to top, the pressing plate nut 24 is used for fixing the three-side support 22 between the positioning guide post 21 and the support pressing plate 23, a through hole of a part 5 to be processed penetrates through the positioning screw rod 25, three supporting angles of the three-side support 22 are propped against the side wall of the through hole of the part 5 to be processed, the positioning guide post 21 is arranged on the positioning screw rod 25 through internal threads, the stress of the positioning screw rod 25 is increased, and the stability of the positioning screw rod 25 is improved.

The limit structure comprises a main limit structure 31 and at least one auxiliary limit structure 32, and in an embodiment of the present utility model, the limit structure comprises a main limit structure 31 and two auxiliary limit structures 32.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a main limiting structure 31 in an embodiment of the present utility model, the main limiting structure 31 is an inverted U-shaped structure or a gate structure, a limiting screw 314 is further disposed on the main limiting structure 31, one end of the limiting screw 314 is disposed in a threaded hole on the main limiting structure 31, and the other end of the limiting screw 314 is abutted against the upper end of the part 5 to be processed to limit the part 5 to be processed up and down.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the main limiting structure 31 comprises a first limiting screw 311, a second limiting screw 312 and a cross rod 313, the cross rod 313 is arranged on the first limiting screw 311 and the second limiting screw 312, the lower end of the first limiting screw 311 and the lower end of the second limiting screw 312 are both fixed on the base 1, two ends of the cross rod 313 are respectively provided with a limiting screw through hole, and the upper end of the first limiting screw 311 and the upper end of the second limiting screw 312 respectively pass through the through holes and are fixed by nuts of the cross rod 313.

In order to fix the part 5 to be machined up and down more in balance, in the embodiment of the utility model, a bump 315 is further arranged on the cross bar 313, the bump 315 is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the cross bar 313, and the bottom of the bump 315 is abutted against the part 5 to be machined to fix the part 5 to be machined. The bump 315 and the cross bar 313 may be a single structure or may be other structures connected together, and in the embodiment of the present utility model, the bump 315 and the cross bar 313 are a single structure.

In the embodiment of the present utility model, the auxiliary limiting structure 32 includes a first auxiliary limiting screw 321, a second auxiliary limiting screw 322 and an auxiliary pressing plate 323, as shown in fig. 5, the second auxiliary limiting screw 322 has a lower height than the first auxiliary limiting screw 321, the lower ends of the first auxiliary limiting screw 321 and the second auxiliary limiting screw 322 are both fixed on the base 1, one end of the auxiliary pressing plate 323 is provided with an auxiliary limiting screw through hole, the other end is provided with an extending structure, the distance between the limiting screw through hole and the extending structure is the same as the distance between the first auxiliary limiting screw 321 and the second auxiliary limiting screw 322, the first auxiliary limiting screw passes through the limiting screw through hole and is fixed by a nut, one end of the auxiliary pressing plate 323 provided with the limiting screw through hole is used for being pressed on the part 5 to be processed to limit the part 5, and one end of the extending structure far from the auxiliary pressing plate 323 is abutted on the second auxiliary screw to support the auxiliary pressing plate 323.

The extending structure comprises an extending screw 327, one end of the extending screw 327 is arranged on the auxiliary pressing plate 323, the other end of the extending screw 327 is provided with a lower nut 329, and an upper nut 328 is further arranged at a position, close to the auxiliary pressing plate 323, on the extending screw 327.

In order to increase the strength of the auxiliary limiting structure 32 and improve the stress, in the embodiment of the utility model, a first screw sleeve 324 and a second screw sleeve 326 are respectively arranged on the first auxiliary limiting screw rod 321 and the second auxiliary limiting screw rod 322, internal threads are arranged in the two screw sleeves, and after the first screw sleeve 324 is arranged on the first auxiliary limiting screw rod 321, a screw sleeve nut 325 is also arranged on the first screw sleeve 324 for safety.

The support structure comprises a first pad 41, a second pad 43 and at least one support table 42, in an embodiment of the utility model the support structure comprises a first pad 41, a second pad 43 and three support tables 42.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting table 42, where the supporting table 42 includes a round table nut 421, a supporting screw 422, a supporting nut 423 and a gasket, the round table nut 421 is disposed at an upper end of the supporting screw 422, and can move up and down to achieve fine adjustment of a distance, and is wear-resistant, and in other embodiments of the present utility model, other movable supporting points can be used instead, the lower end of the supporting screw 422 is disposed on the base 1 through the supporting nut, and a gasket is further disposed between the base 1 and the supporting nut 423.

In the embodiment of the present utility model, two blind holes 411 are also provided on the first pad 41 and the second pad 43, respectively.

In the embodiment of the utility model, a clamping and positioning structure is further arranged on the first cushion block 41, as shown in fig. 7, the clamping and positioning structure comprises a vertical block 412 and a pressing plate 414, the vertical block 412 is fixed on the outer side of the first cushion block 41, a hexagon head bolt 413 is further arranged on one side, close to the first cushion block 41, of the vertical block 412, the pressing plate 414 is fixed on the inner side of the first cushion block 41, the pressing plate 414 is pressed in a through hole of the part 5 to be processed to limit the rotation position of the part 5 to be processed, the hexagon head bolt 413 is abutted against one side of the part 5 to be processed, the length of the hexagon head bolt 413 can be adjusted to assist the pressing plate 414 to be pressed in the through hole of the part 5 to be processed, and the vertical block 412 with the hexagon head bolt 413 and the pressing plate 414 are matched to limit the angular positioning of the part to be processed.

The clamp of the utility model is specifically used as follows: the three-face support 22 is detached firstly, the part 5 to be processed passes through the positioning guide post 21, then the blank surface at the bottom of the part 5 to be processed is adjusted to be placed on the two cushion blocks and the three support tables 42, then the three-face support 22 is placed into the part, the support pressing plate 23 is placed on the three-face support 22, and the support pressing plate 23 is pressed by the rotating pressing plate nut 24 so as to fix the three-face support 22.

The main limit structure 31 and the auxiliary limit structure 32 are adjusted to clamp the part 5 to be machined, and the main limit structure 31 is adjusted as follows: the upper and lower adjusting cross bars 313 are positioned at the first limit screw 311 and the second limit screw 312, so that the convex blocks 315 are abutted against the parts to be processed; the position of the limiting screw 314 is adjusted, so that the bottom of the limiting screw 314 is propped against the upper end of the part 5 to be processed, and the upper and lower limiting of the part 5 to be processed is completed.

The secondary limit 32 is adjusted as follows: the first threaded sleeve 324 and the second threaded sleeve 326 are respectively arranged on the first auxiliary limit screw 321 and the second auxiliary limit screw 322, the threaded sleeve nut 325 is arranged on the upper end face of the first threaded sleeve 324, the auxiliary pressing plate 323 is arranged, one end of the auxiliary pressing plate 323, which is provided with an auxiliary limit screw through hole, is placed on the part 5 to be processed, the extending structure is adjusted, the bottom of the extending structure is propped against the bottom face of the second auxiliary limit screw 322, and the extending structure is propped against the second auxiliary limit screw 322, so that the auxiliary pressing plate 323 can be used for pressing the part 5 to be processed more firmly, and the part 5 to be processed can be more stably used.

The included angle positioning structure 2 limits 2 translational degrees of freedom of the part 5 to be processed; 3 support tables 42 on the base 1 limit 1 translational degree of freedom and 2 rotational degrees of freedom between the parts 5 to be processed; the pressing plate 414, the first cushion block 41, the hexagon head bolt 413 and the vertical block 412 cooperate to limit 1 degree of rotational freedom of the part 5 to be processed; the positioning mode during the processing of the parts accords with the 6-point positioning principle. In addition, the support table 42 can be finely adjusted in the axial direction, and the work load of workers can be reduced.

The fixture disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, the relative position of the cylinder cover box part blank in a machine tool can be reasonably and accurately controlled, the phenomena of out-of-tolerance machining size, cracks and the like are reduced, and the phenomena of relative sliding, deformation and the like of parts in the machining process can be effectively avoided.

While certain specific embodiments of the utility model have been described in detail by way of example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the utility model. The scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a fixture, its characterized in that includes base, location structure, limit structure and bearing structure, location structure limit structure with bearing structure all sets up on the base, location structure passes wait to process the part in order to right wait to process the part location, limit structure presses to establish wait to process on the part in order to fix wait to process the part, bearing structure sets up wait to process the part bottom in order to support wait to process the part.

2. The fixture of claim 1, wherein the positioning structure comprises a positioning screw with a lower end fixed on the base, the positioning screw is sequentially provided with a positioning guide post, a three-sided support, a support pressing plate and a pressing plate nut from bottom to top, the pressing plate nut is used for fixing the three-sided support between the positioning guide post and the support pressing plate, a through hole of the part to be processed passes through the positioning screw, and three supporting angles of the three-sided support are propped against the side wall of the through hole.

3. The clamp of claim 1, wherein the limit structure comprises a primary limit structure and at least one secondary limit structure.

4. A fixture according to claim 3, wherein the main limiting structure is an inverted U-shaped structure, a limiting screw is arranged on the main limiting structure, one end of the limiting screw is arranged in a threaded hole in the main limiting structure, and the other end of the limiting screw is propped against the upper end of the part to be processed to limit the part to be processed.

5. The fixture of claim 4, wherein the main limiting structure comprises a first limiting screw, a second limiting screw and a cross rod, the cross rod is arranged on the two limiting screws, the lower ends of the first limiting screw and the lower ends of the second limiting screw are fixed on the base, two ends of the cross rod are respectively provided with a limiting screw through hole, and the upper ends of the first limiting screw and the upper ends of the second limiting screw respectively penetrate through the through holes and are fixed through cross rod nuts.

6. The fixture of claim 3, wherein the auxiliary limiting structure comprises a first auxiliary limiting screw, a second auxiliary limiting screw and an auxiliary pressing plate, the second auxiliary limiting screw is lower than the first auxiliary limiting screw in height, the lower end of the first auxiliary limiting screw and the lower end of the second auxiliary limiting screw are both fixed on the base, one end of the auxiliary pressing plate is provided with a limiting screw through hole, the other end of the auxiliary pressing plate is provided with an extending structure, the distance between the limiting screw through hole and the extending structure is the same as the distance between the first auxiliary limiting screw and the second auxiliary limiting screw, the first auxiliary limiting screw penetrates through the limiting screw through hole and is fixed through a nut, one end of the auxiliary pressing plate, which is provided with the limiting screw through hole, is used for being pressed on a part to be processed so as to limit the part to be processed, and one end of the extending structure, which is far away from the auxiliary pressing plate, is abutted on the second auxiliary screw so as to support the auxiliary pressing plate.

7. The clamp of claim 6, wherein the extension structure comprises an extension screw having one end disposed on the auxiliary platen and the other end provided with a lower nut, and an upper nut disposed on the extension screw at a position adjacent to the auxiliary platen.

8. The fixture of claim 1, wherein the support structure comprises a first spacer block, a second spacer block and at least one support table, the support table comprises a round table nut, a support screw, a support nut and a spacer, the round table nut is arranged at the upper end of the support screw, the lower end of the support screw is arranged on the base through the support nut, the spacer is further arranged between the base and the support nut, and the first spacer block and the second spacer block are both arranged on the base.

9. The fixture of claim 8, wherein the first spacer is further provided with a clamping and positioning structure, the clamping and positioning structure comprises a vertical block and a pressing plate, the vertical block is fixed on the outer side of the first spacer, a hexagon head bolt is further arranged on one side, close to the first spacer, of the vertical block, the pressing plate is fixed on the inner side of the first spacer, and the pressing plate is pressed in a through hole of a part to be processed to limit rotation position of the part to be processed.

10. The fixture of claim 9, wherein the first and second blocks are further provided with two blind holes, respectively.

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