CN218883954U - Biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace, include: the furnace body is internally provided with a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber and a settling chamber in sequence; the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the settling chamber are communicated with each other; the feeding device is butted with the first combustion chamber; the air supply device, air supply device's air outlet setting is in the bottom of furnace body, the air outlet includes first air outlet and second air outlet, first air outlet with first combustion chamber link up, the second air outlet with the second combustion chamber link up, wherein, be provided with the cloth wind mechanism at first air outlet, second air outlet. Through adding a pair of combustion chamber beside original main combustion chamber, make the biomass particle that main combustion chamber was not totally burnt can enter into the pair of combustion chamber along with the air current floating flow in-process, carry out the postcombustion, realize burning more fully, let biomass fuel's ash calorific value more tend to zero.

Description

Biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a hot-blast furnace technical field especially relates to a biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace.

Background

The biomass energy source is a clean and renewable energy source. The biomass fuel in China is massive environment-friendly new energy which is prepared by processing straw, rice hull, peanut shell, corn cob, oil tea shell, cottonseed shell, cotton stalk and the like and three-residue biomass serving as raw materials. The biomass particles are typically 6-10 mm in diameter. Biomass energy has become well-established in other industries as a drying heat source, and in some industries biomass is increasingly replacing coal as a fuel for hot blast stoves.

Taking the building ceramic industry as an example, coal is generally used as fuel to provide hot drying air for a spray drying tower at present to spray and granulate slurry. Along with the promotion of the national double-carbon policy, the adoption of renewable energy biomass instead of fire coal tends to be great. However, the structure of the existing hot blast stove mainly aims at the coal burning, is not suitable for burning biomass fuel, and the problem that the biomass is easily burnt by changing the coal burning hot blast stove into the biomass burning hot blast stove is as follows: on one hand, the particle size of the fire coal is far larger than that of the biomass particles, so that the problems of insufficient combustion, high residual heat value and the like are easily caused; on the other hand, the hot air after combustion contains more impurities, which cannot meet the requirement of the spray drying process on clean hot air.

Therefore, the prior art is still subject to further improvement and promotion.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of the above-mentioned prior art not enough, the utility model aims at providing a biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace aims at solving current fluidized bed furnace and changes into burning biomass fuel, leads to containing more impurity in the hot-blast after biomass fuel can not the abundant burning and the burning problem that can not satisfy the spray drying process to clean hot-blast demand.

A biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace, comprising:

the furnace body is internally provided with a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber and a settling chamber in sequence; the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the settling chamber are communicated with each other;

the feeding device is butted with the first combustion chamber;

the air outlet of the air supply device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and comprises a first air outlet and a second air outlet, the first air outlet is communicated with the first combustion chamber, and the second air outlet is communicated with the second combustion chamber;

an air distribution mechanism is arranged at an air outlet of the air supply device; the wind distribution mechanism comprises: the air distribution plate is provided with air distribution holes, and the air cap is arranged on the air distribution holes and is provided with air vents.

Optionally, the biomass fuel boiling furnace, wherein the settling chamber comprises: a primary settling chamber, a secondary settling chamber, a tertiary settling chamber and a quaternary settling chamber; the bottom of each settling chamber is provided with an ash discharge port.

Optionally, the biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace is characterized in that partitions with different heights are arranged inside the furnace body, and the partitions with different heights separate the internal space of the furnace body into the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber, the first-stage settling chamber, the second-stage settling chamber, the third-stage settling chamber and the fourth-stage settling chamber; wherein, the partition is built by bricks made of refractory materials.

Optionally, the biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace is provided with a hot air outlet on a side wall of the four-stage settling chamber, and the hot air outlet is connected with a dust removal device.

Optionally, the biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace, wherein an automatic ignition device is arranged on a side wall of the furnace body close to the first air outlet.

Optionally, the biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace, wherein a temperature detection device is respectively disposed on the air inlet of the dust removal device and the side wall of the furnace body.

Optionally, the biomass fuel fired boiler, wherein the volume ratio of the first combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber is about 2:1; the purpose is to ensure that the biomass fuel is fully burnt out and simultaneously reduce the size of the furnace body as much as possible.

Optionally, the biomass fuel boiling furnace, wherein the partition comprises a first partition and a second partition; the height of the first partition is smaller than that of the second partition, and the height of the second partition is the same as the inner diameter of the furnace body; and the second partition is provided with a hole for hot air to pass through.

Optionally, the biomass fuel boiling furnace is provided with three first partitions and two second partitions; the first partition and the second partition are arranged at intervals.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace improves through the combustion chamber to the fluidized bed furnace, increases an auxiliary combustion chamber on the next door of original main combustion chamber, makes the biomass particle of main combustion chamber not complete combustion can enter into auxiliary combustion chamber along with the air current floating flow in-process, carries out the postcombustion, sets up cloth wind mechanism simultaneously in two combustion chambers, makes biomass particle evenly boil in the combustion chamber, realizes burning more fully, lets biomass fuel's ash calorific value more tend to zero.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view (section) of a biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is an electrical control block diagram of the control system.

Reference numerals: 10. a furnace body; 11. a first combustion chamber; 12. a second combustion chamber; 13. a primary settling chamber; 14. a secondary settling chamber; 15. a third stage settling chamber; 16. a four-stage settling chamber; 17. a first partition; 18. a second partition; 180. a hole; 19. a dust falling pipe; 20. a feeding device; 21. a storage bin; 22. an automatic belt feeding mechanism; 30. an air supply device; 31. a fan; 32. an air supply pipe; 33. an air box; 34. an air distribution mechanism; 340. a wind distribution plate; 341. a hood; 40. a dust removal device; 50. an automatic ignition device; 60. and a temperature detection device.

Detailed Description

The utility model provides a biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace, for making the utility model discloses a purpose, technical scheme and effect are clearer, more clear and definite, following right the utility model discloses further detailed description. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, as shown in fig. 1, the biomass fuel boiling furnace includes a furnace body 10, a feeding device 20, and an air supply device 30. Wherein, the furnace body 10 is internally provided with a first combustion chamber 11, a second combustion chamber 12 and a plurality of settling chambers (such as a first-stage settling chamber 13, a second-stage settling chamber 14, a third-stage settling chamber 15 and a fourth-stage settling chamber 16). The feeding device 20 is in butt joint with the first combustion chamber 11, and the air outlet of the air supply device 30 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 10 and used for supplying air to the first combustion chamber 11 and the second combustion chamber 12. It should be noted that, the butt joint of the feeding device 20 and the first combustion chamber 11 means that the feeding device 20 conveys the biomass fuel to the first combustion chamber, and a corresponding feeding hole may be formed on a side wall of the first combustion chamber, and a discharging hole of the feeding device 20 is connected to the feeding hole through a pipeline.

In this embodiment, the feeding device 20 adds biomass fuel into the first combustion chamber 11, the air supply device 30 provides the required air for the combustion of the biomass fuel, when the air in the furnace body reaches a certain ascending speed, the biomass fuel in the combustion chamber is supported by the ascending airflow in the furnace, and rolls up and down in a certain height range of the furnace, and burns in a boiling state, a small part of biomass particles which are not completely burnt in the main combustion chamber can enter the auxiliary combustion chamber in the floating flowing process along with the airflow, and perform secondary combustion, so that more complete combustion is realized. When secondary combustion is carried out, because a certain amount of air is supplemented, the kinetic energy of hot air movement can be increased, hot air can move towards the direction of the settling chamber more quickly, and the influence of the settling chamber on the moving speed of the hot air can be weakened.

In the present embodiment, the feeding device 20 includes a storage bin 21 and an automatic belt feeding mechanism 22, and the air supply device 30 includes: the air supply pipe 32 is divided into a main pipe and a branch pipe, the air box is divided into a main air box and an auxiliary air box, the main pipe is connected with the main air box, and the branch pipe is connected with the auxiliary air box. The main air box is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber and is communicated with the first combustion chamber; the auxiliary bellows is arranged at the bottom of the second combustion chamber and is communicated with the second combustion chamber. The air provided by the fan enters the air box through the air pipe and then enters the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber through the air outlet of the air box. By arranging the air box, the condition that the furnace temperature in the fluidized bed furnace is influenced due to fluctuation of air volume entering the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber caused by fluctuation of operation of the fan can be avoided. Meanwhile, by arranging the air box, the situation that biomass fuel and/or dust in the furnace directly enter the fan (when the fan is started and stopped, the biomass fuel in the furnace body easily leaks out through the holes in the air distribution plate) to affect the normal use of the fan can be avoided. The fan can be a variable frequency fan, and the power and the model of the fan can be selected according to the specific use environment.

As shown in fig. 2, an air distribution mechanism 34 is disposed at the air outlet of the main air box, the air distribution mechanism 34 includes an air distribution plate 340, an air cap 341 disposed on the air distribution plate 340, and a vent hole (not shown) is disposed on the air cap 341. Wherein, the air distribution plate 340 is used for bearing the material layer and ensuring that the air rising speed is uniformly distributed along the cross section in the furnace. A certain amount of fine sand and biomass particles are spread on the air distribution plate 340 to be used as media bed materials, so as to ensure that a stable dense phase zone material layer is formed, and provide a sufficient preheating and drying heat source for biomass fuel. When the fluidized bed furnace operates, the fan blows air into the material layer from the bottom of the air distribution plate 340 through the air cap 341 with the small air holes, when the air in the material layer reaches a certain rising speed, the bed material on the air distribution plate 340 is switched into a boiling state from a static state, the biomass particle fuel is supported by the airflow flowing upwards in the furnace, rolls up and down in a certain height range of the hearth, and burns in the boiling state, the combustion in the state can make the biomass fuel burn fully, and therefore the utilization rate of the fuel is improved.

In this embodiment, partitions with different heights are provided inside the furnace body 10, and the internal space of the furnace body is partitioned into a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber, a first-stage settling chamber, a second-stage settling chamber, a third-stage settling chamber and a fourth-stage settling chamber by providing partitions with different heights. The partition comprises a first partition 17 and a second partition 18, the height of the first partition 17 is smaller than that of the second partition 18, and the height of the second partition 18 is the same as the inner diameter of the furnace body. It is easy to understand that the second partition 18 can separate the furnace body 10 into two parts, and the second partition is provided with a hole 180 through which two sides of the second partition 18 are communicated; leave certain interval between the top of first wall 17 and the top of furnace body 10, can communicate the both sides of first wall 17 through the interval of reserving, that is to say, through setting up the hole and leaving the interval for hot-blast can flow into the second combustion chamber by first combustion chamber, flow into the one-level deposit room by the second combustion chamber again, flow into the second grade deposit room by the one-level deposit room, the third grade deposit room flows into tertiary deposit room, and tertiary deposit room flows into the level four deposit room. The first partitions 17 are three, the second partitions are two, and the first partitions 17 and the second partitions 18 are arranged at intervals, for example, the first partitions, the second partitions, and the first partitions are arranged in sequence from the feed side of the furnace body 10. Through the arrangement of the partition, the residence time of hot air flow in the furnace body is prolonged, and impurities in the hot air flow are better removed. It should be noted that the heights of the three first partitions are the same, the sizes and the height settings of the holes on the two second partitions are the same, and the heights of the three partitions are set to be the same, and the sizes and the heights of the holes on the two second partitions are set to be the same, so that hot gas can flow in the furnace body better, and disturbance in the flow process is reduced.

In this embodiment, an ash discharge port is arranged at the bottom of each settling chamber, an ash falling pipe 19 is arranged at the ash discharge port, and the ash deposited at the bottom of the settling chamber is discharged through the ash discharge port and the ash falling pipe, so that the working environment of workers is improved, and the dust is prevented from damaging the health of the workers.

In this embodiment, the furnace body is, from the innermost to the outer: high temperature firebrick layer, fiberboard layer, insulating brick layer, rock wool and decoration panel have realized the biggest heat preservation effect through such composite construction to reduce biomass fuel's consumption.

In the embodiment, the volume ratio of the first combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber is about 2:1, so as to ensure that the biomass fuel is fully combusted and the size of the furnace body is reduced as much as possible; the volume ratio of the main combustion chamber to each settling chamber is about 2.5, and the aim is to meet the sectional area requirement for smooth passing of flue gas.

In this embodiment, a hot air outlet is provided on the sidewall of the final-stage settling chamber, the hot air after multi-stage settling is discharged out of the furnace body through the hot air outlet on the sidewall, and a dust removing device 40 may be provided at the hot air outlet, where the dust removing device 40 may be a cyclone dust remover, a bag-type dust remover, or an electrostatic dust remover, or other dust removing devices. And conveying the clean hot air subjected to dust removal by the dust removal equipment to the spray drying tower through a pipeline. It should be noted that the hot air outlet is arranged at the middle upper part of the side wall, and the hot air outlet is arranged at the middle upper part, so that disturbance to the ash at the bottom of the four-stage settling chamber when hot air is blown out can be avoided. The power of the cyclone dust collector is matched with the air quantity of the hot air outlet, so that hot air in the furnace body can be timely transferred out, and the interference to the flow of the hot air in the furnace body can be avoided.

The gravity type cyclone dust collector is connected and arranged at the outlet at the tail end of the fluidized bed furnace, so that particle impurities in hot air can be captured again, the cleanness of the hot air without impurities is ensured to a greater extent, and the quality of spray-dried powder is not influenced.

In this embodiment, an automatic ignition device 50 is disposed (at a suitable position) on a side wall of the feed port of the first combustion chamber, for example, 3 to 5 gas spray guns are installed, and the gas spray guns are ignited by the automatic ignition device, so that after the temperature of the hearth in the combustion chamber is rapidly raised to reach the ignition temperature of the biomass fuel, the feeding device automatically starts feeding to enter the hearth for combustion. Through setting up automatic ignition, solved traditional fluidized bed furnace and clicked the stove intensification in-process each time, problem that manual operation intensity of labour is big.

In this embodiment, the air inlet of the dust removing device and the side wall of the furnace body are respectively provided with a temperature detecting device 60, such as a thermocouple, a hot air temperature value is measured in real time by the thermocouple, a measurement signal is fed back to a feeding port feeding device at the front end of the fluidized bed furnace in real time, the speed of a feeding belt is automatically adjusted according to the hot air temperature, the fuel feeding amount is adjusted, the fan operation frequency of a fan is adjusted at the same time, the automatic interlocking reaction control of the outlet hot air temperature, the inlet feeding amount and the fan air supply amount is realized, and the automatic operation control of biomass combustion of the fluidized bed furnace is realized. It is easy to understand that, in order to realize the automatic interlocking reaction control of the three, a main control device, such as a control cabinet, is needed, and the control cabinet adjusts the feeding amount and the air supply amount according to the acquired temperature data. If the detection result shows that the temperature of the outlet hot air is lower than the set range, the air supply quantity of the air supply device can be increased by adjusting the feeding quantity of the feeding device, so that the temperature is increased to a reasonable range. On the contrary, if the temperature is detected to be higher, the temperature can be adjusted by controlling the feeding amount of the feeding device and the air supply amount of the air supply device. Thereby well solving the temperature stability problem that the heat generated by the biomass fuel burning of the fluidized bed furnace heats the air.

The specific implementation mode is as shown in fig. 3, a temperature detection device (thermocouple) is arranged at the outlet end of the fluidized bed furnace to measure the temperature value of hot air, a measurement signal is fed back to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) automatic control system in real time, difference value operation analysis is carried out on the measured temperature value and the temperature value set by the system, a PID loop control technology is realized through a closed loop control module of the PLC, the running speed of a feeding belt of a feeding device is automatically regulated and controlled, and therefore the fuel supply amount is controlled; and meanwhile, the running frequency of a fan motor of the air supply device is automatically adjusted and controlled, so that the rotating speed, the air quantity and the air pressure of the fan are controlled. When a thermocouple at the outlet end of the fluidized bed furnace detects that the temperature value of hot air exceeds a set value of a system, a PLC (programmable logic controller) sends a control signal to a motor frequency converter of a feeding belt after operation and analysis, and the rotating speed of a motor is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the frequency converter, so that the speed and the feeding amount of the feeding belt are controlled; meanwhile, the PLC sends a control signal to a motor frequency converter of the fan, and the rotation speed of the motor is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the frequency converter, so that the air quantity and the air pressure of the fan are controlled. The automatic interlocking reaction control of the outlet hot air temperature, the inlet feeding amount and the fan air supply amount is realized.

To sum up, the utility model provides a biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace, include: the furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber, a primary settling chamber, a secondary settling chamber, a tertiary settling chamber and a quaternary settling chamber are sequentially arranged in the furnace body; the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the settling chamber are communicated with each other; the feeding device is butted with the first combustion chamber; the air outlet of the air supply device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and comprises a first air outlet and a second air outlet, the first air outlet is communicated with the first combustion chamber, and the second air outlet is communicated with the second combustion chamber; the dust removal device is connected with a hot air outlet of the furnace body; and temperature detection devices are respectively arranged on the feed inlet of the furnace body and the side wall of the furnace body, wherein the first air outlet and the second air outlet are provided with air distribution mechanisms. Through improving the combustion chamber to the fluidized bed furnace, increase an auxiliary combustion chamber next door at original main combustion chamber, make the biomass particle that main combustion chamber is not complete burning can enter into auxiliary combustion chamber along with the air current floating flow in-process, carry out the postcombustion, realize burning more fully, let biomass fuel's grey calorific value more tend to zero. The temperature detection device is arranged to measure the hot air temperature value in real time, and a measurement signal is fed back to the feeding port feeding device at the front end of the fluidized bed furnace in real time, so that the fuel feeding amount is adjusted according to the speed of a feeding belt which is automatically adjusted according to the hot air temperature, and the fan operation frequency of the fan is adjusted at the same time, thereby realizing the automatic interlocking reaction control of the outlet hot air temperature, the inlet feeding amount and the fan air supply amount, and realizing the automatic operation control of biomass combustion of the fluidized bed furnace.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace, comprising:

the furnace body is internally provided with a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber and a settling chamber in sequence; the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the settling chamber are communicated with each other;

the feeding device is butted with the first combustion chamber;

the air outlet of the air supply device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and comprises a first air outlet and a second air outlet, the first air outlet is communicated with the first combustion chamber, and the second air outlet is communicated with the second combustion chamber;

an air outlet of the air supply device is provided with an air distribution mechanism; the wind distribution mechanism comprises: the air distribution plate is provided with air distribution holes, and the air cap is arranged on the air distribution holes and is provided with air vents.

2. The biomass fuel boiling furnace of claim 1, wherein the settling chamber comprises: a primary settling chamber, a secondary settling chamber, a tertiary settling chamber and a quaternary settling chamber; the bottom of each settling chamber is provided with an ash discharge port.

3. The biomass fuel boiling furnace of claim 2, wherein partitions with different heights are arranged inside the furnace body, and the partitions with different heights separate the internal space of the furnace body into the first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber, the first-stage settling chamber, the second-stage settling chamber, the third-stage settling chamber and the fourth-stage settling chamber.

4. The biomass fuel fluidized bed furnace of claim 2, wherein a hot air outlet is arranged on the side wall of the four-stage settling chamber, and a dust removal device is connected to the hot air outlet.

5. The biomass fuel boiling furnace of claim 1, wherein an automatic ignition device is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body close to the first air outlet.

6. The biomass fuel boiling furnace of claim 4, wherein the air inlet of the dust removing device and the side wall of the furnace body are respectively provided with a temperature detecting device.

7. The biomass fuel boiling furnace of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the first combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber is 2:1.

8. The biomass-fueled boiling furnace of claim 3, wherein the partition comprises a first partition and a second partition; the height of the first partition is smaller than that of the second partition, and the height of the second partition is the same as the inner diameter of the furnace body; and the second partition is provided with a hole for hot air to pass through.

9. The biomass fuel boiling furnace of claim 8, wherein the first partition is provided in three and the second partition is provided in two; the first partition and the second partition are arranged at intervals.

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