CN218868102U - Overcurrent protection circuit of switching power supply - Google Patents
Overcurrent protection circuit of switching power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN218868102U CN218868102U CN202222492481.5U CN202222492481U CN218868102U CN 218868102 U CN218868102 U CN 218868102U CN 202222492481 U CN202222492481 U CN 202222492481U CN 218868102 U CN218868102 U CN 218868102U
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The application discloses an overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply, which comprises a main switching circuit and a signal processing circuit, wherein one end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with an input public ground end of the switching power supply, the other end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with a current input negative electrode of the signal processing circuit, a current input positive electrode of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with an output negative electrode of the switching power supply, and a voltage acquisition end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the output negative electrode of the switching power supply; the output end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the control end of the main switch circuit; the application provides a novel framework of an overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply, which can collect current signals and voltage signals in the switching power supply circuit and carry out multiplication operation, and can effectively realize overcurrent protection and clamp output current of the switching power supply circuit while not disconnecting a switching power supply output circuit by comparing an operation result with a reference voltage signal and utilizing a power limiting technology.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power supplies, in particular to an overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply.
Background
Currently, the switching power supply is widely applied to the aspects of vehicles, aerospace, military equipment, communication systems and the like, and the power supply needs to be externally connected with power supply and loads. In order to protect the safety of power supply equipment, load equipment and personnel, the current output by a switching power supply circuit needs to be limited, and when the current exceeds a preset maximum value, the circuit needs to be closed timely or the current passing through the circuit needs to be clamped so as to protect the power supply equipment and the load equipment.
At present, most of output overcurrent protection circuits of switch power supplies are overcurrent protection arranged in the power supplies, and the magnitude of overcurrent current cannot be timely adjusted according to the working requirements when a module power supply is applied. Therefore, when the circuit requirement of a strict output overcurrent threshold value exists, the overcurrent value of most of the power supply can not meet the requirement, and an additional output overcurrent protection circuit is required to be added.
The common output overcurrent protection circuit works on the principle that output current is collected, and when the output current exceeds a certain threshold value, an output channel is switched off. The operation mode has two specific implementation forms: firstly, a certain return difference is set between an output overcurrent point and an overcurrent recovery point, and an output overcurrent protection circuit works in a hiccup state; and secondly, when the output is over-current, the output is turned off and locked, and the output over-current protection can be recovered only by electrifying again.
The inventors have realized that either hiccup over-current protection or latch-up over-current protection will break the output circuit. However, in design work, the situation that the output path is not required to be disconnected but the output current is required to be clamped to a preset value often occurs, and obviously, the common output overcurrent protection circuit cannot be applied to the situation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, the application provides an overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply to solve the problem that a common output overcurrent protection circuit in the prior art can disconnect an output circuit when overcurrent protection is carried out.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
an overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply comprises a main switching circuit and a signal processing circuit, wherein one end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with an input public ground end of the switching power supply, the other end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with a current input negative electrode of the signal processing circuit, a current input positive electrode of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with an output negative electrode of the switching power supply, and a voltage acquisition end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the output negative electrode of the switching power supply; the output end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the control end of the main switch circuit;
the signal processing circuit is used for acquiring a current signal and a voltage signal of the switching power supply, multiplying the acquired current signal and the acquired voltage signal, and reducing output voltage when the product of the current signal and the voltage signal is greater than reference voltage, wherein the output voltage is greater than the breakover voltage of the main switching circuit; the main switch circuit is used for increasing the resistance value when receiving the low level output by the signal processing circuit, so that the current of the switch power supply is reduced.
Optionally, the main switch circuit comprises a mosfet Q1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2; the grid electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected with the input common ground of the switch power supply through a resistor R2, the grid electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is also electrically connected with the input anode and the output anode of the switch power supply through a resistor R1, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected with the input common ground of the switch power supply; the low level is greater than the turn-on voltage of the mosfet Q1.
Further optionally, the signal processing circuit includes a hall current sensor U1, an analog multiplier U3, an operational amplifier U2B, a mosfet Q2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, and a capacitor C1; the current input negative electrode of the Hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q1, the current input positive electrode of the Hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected with the output negative electrode of the switching power supply, and the output end of the Hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected with the first X input end of the analog multiplier U3;
the first Y input end of the analog multiplier U3 is electrically connected to the output negative terminal of the switching power supply through a resistor R3, the first Y input end of the analog multiplier U3 is also electrically connected to the input common ground terminal of the switching power supply through a resistor R4, and the output end of the analog multiplier U3 is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2B; the reverse input end of the operational amplifier U2B is connected with a reference voltage; the output end of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2B is also electrically connected with the reverse input end of the operational amplifier U2B through a capacitor C1; the source of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected with the input common ground of the switching power supply, and the drain of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected with the gate of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1.
Further optionally, a power supply voltage end of the hall current sensor U1 is connected to an external power supply voltage, and a ground end of the hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected to an input common ground end of the switching power supply;
the positive end and the negative end of the power supply voltage of the analog multiplier U3 are both connected with external power supply voltage, and other ports of the analog multiplier U3 are both electrically connected with the input common ground end;
and the positive end of the power supply voltage of the operational amplifier U2B is connected with an external power supply voltage, and the negative end of the power supply voltage of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected with the input public ground end.
Further optionally, the hall current sensor is of type ACS758LCB-100B.
Further optionally, the analog multiplier has a model AD835ARZ.
Further optionally, the operational amplifier is model LM2904.
Optionally, the reference voltage is 2.5V.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects that:
the utility model provides a new framework of the overcurrent protection circuit of the switch power supply, which comprises a main switch circuit and a signal processing circuit, wherein one end of the main switch circuit is electrically connected with the input public ground end of the switch power supply, the other end of the main switch circuit is electrically connected with the current input cathode of the signal processing circuit, the current input anode of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the output cathode of the switch power supply, and the voltage acquisition end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the output cathode of the switch power supply; the output end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the control end of the main switch circuit; the method and the device can collect current signals and voltage signals in the switching power supply circuit and carry out multiplication operation, and can effectively realize overcurrent protection and clamp output current of the switching power supply circuit while not disconnecting the switching power supply output loop by comparing an operation result with a reference voltage signal and utilizing a power limiting technology.
According to the power supply output voltage regulating circuit, the output clamping current can be regulated according to the output voltage of the switching power supply, and the maximum utilization rate and reliability of the power MOS tube are effectively guaranteed.
Drawings
To more intuitively explain the prior art and the present application, exemplary drawings are given below. It should be understood that the specific shapes, configurations and illustrations in the drawings are not to be construed as limiting, in general, the practice of the present application; for example, it is within the ability of those skilled in the art to make routine adjustments or further optimization of the add/drop/attribute division, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection manners, size ratios, etc. of certain elements (components) based on the technical concepts disclosed in the present application and the exemplary drawings.
Fig. 1 is a detailed circuit schematic diagram of an overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present application: "plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. The terms "first", "second", "third", and the like in this application are intended to distinguish the referenced objects without particular meaning in the technical meaning (e.g., emphasis on degree or order of importance, etc.) being construed). The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like, are intended to be inclusive and mean "not limited to" (some elements, components, materials, steps, etc.).
In the present application, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like are generally used for easy visual understanding with reference to the drawings, and are not intended to absolutely limit the positional relationship in an actual product. Changes in these relative positional relationships are also considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure without departing from the technical concepts disclosed in the present disclosure.
In the embodiment of the application, an overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply is provided, which comprises a main switching circuit and a signal processing circuit, wherein one end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with an input public ground end of the switching power supply, the other end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with a current input cathode of the signal processing circuit, a current input anode of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with an output cathode of the switching power supply, and a voltage acquisition end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the output cathode of the switching power supply; the output end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the control end of the main switch circuit;
the signal processing circuit is used for acquiring a current signal and a voltage signal of the switching power supply, multiplying the acquired current signal and the acquired voltage signal, and reducing the output voltage and outputting a low level when the product of the current signal and the voltage signal is greater than a reference voltage; the output low level is greater than the breakover voltage of the main switch circuit; the main switch circuit is used for increasing the resistance value when receiving the low level output by the signal processing circuit, so that the current of the switch power supply is reduced.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the main switch circuit includes a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS) Q1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2; the gate of the mosfet Q1 is electrically connected to the input common ground (i.e., vin-terminal) of the switching power supply through a resistor R2, the gate of the mosfet Q1 is also electrically connected to the input positive electrode (i.e., vin + terminal) and the output positive electrode (i.e., VO + terminal) of the switching power supply through a resistor R1, and the source of the mosfet Q1 is electrically connected to the input common ground of the switching power supply.
Further, the signal processing circuit comprises a hall current sensor U1, an analog multiplier U3, an operational amplifier U2B, a mosfet Q2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4 and a capacitor C1; the current input cathode (i.e., 5-IP-terminal) of the hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected to the drain of the mosfet Q1, the current input anode (i.e., 4-IP + terminal) of the hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected to the output cathode (i.e., VO-terminal) of the switching power supply, and the output terminal (i.e., vout terminal) of the hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected to the first X input terminal (i.e., 8-X1 terminal) of the analog multiplier U3.
A first Y input end (namely a 1-Y1 end) of the analog multiplier U3 is electrically connected with an output cathode of the switching power supply through a resistor R3, and the first Y input end of the analog multiplier U3 is also electrically connected with an input common ground end of the switching power supply through a resistor R4; in other words, the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected in series, and then one end of the series is connected to the positive output (VO +), one end of the series is connected to the input common ground (Vin-), and the common terminal is connected to 1-Y1 of the analog multiplier U3. The output end (i.e. the 5-W end) of the analog multiplier U3 is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end (i.e. the 5-positive end) of the operational amplifier U2B; the inverting input end (namely 6-negative end) of the operational amplifier U2B is connected with a reference voltage; the output end (i.e. 7-out end) of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected to the gate of the mosfet Q2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2B is also electrically connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2B through the capacitor C1; the source of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected with the input common ground of the switching power supply, and the drain of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected with the gate of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q1.
The first Y input terminal of the analog multiplier U3 is equivalent to the voltage collecting terminal of the signal processing circuit, and the drain of the mosfet Q2 is equivalent to the output terminal of the signal processing circuit.
In addition, a power supply voltage end (namely, a Vcc end) of the Hall current sensor U1 is connected with an external power supply voltage and is connected with an external 5V power supply positive electrode, and a grounding end (namely, a Gnd end) of the Hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected with an input common ground end of the switching power supply.
The positive end (namely 6-VP end) of the power supply voltage of the analog multiplier U3 and the negative end (namely 3-VIN end) of the power supply voltage are both connected with external power supply voltage and are connected to external 5V power supply; the other ports of the analog multiplier U3 are electrically connected to the input common ground, and include a second Y input (i.e., 2-Y2), a summing input (i.e., 4-Z), and a second X input (i.e., 7-X2).
The positive supply voltage terminal (i.e., 8-VCC terminal) of the operational amplifier U2B is connected to an external supply voltage, and the negative supply voltage terminal (i.e., 4-Vin-terminal) of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected to the input common ground.
Further, the hall current sensor U1 may be, but is not limited to, ACS758LCB-100B; the model of analog multiplier U3 may be, but is not limited to, AD835ARZ; the model of the operational amplifier U2B is LM2904; MOS pipe Q2 can select 2N7002 type.
Further, the reference voltage may be set to 2.5V.
The working principle of the application is as follows:
the current signal in the switch power supply circuit is acquired through the Hall current sensor U1, then the acquired current signal is sent to the X1 end of the multiplier U3, and meanwhile the Y1 end of the analog multiplier U3 acquires the voltage of the output cathode of the switch power supply; further, the analog multiplier U3 multiplies the data obtained from the X1 terminal and the Y1 terminal, which is equivalent to calculating the power of the MOS transistor Q1, and then the analog multiplier U sends the multiplication result to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2B through the W terminal. In the operational amplifier U2B, the operational amplifier U2B compares a multiplication result received by a non-inverting input end with a reference voltage value accessed by an inverting input end; if the multiplication result is determined to be greater than the reference voltage value, that is, if the power in the switching power supply is too high (corresponding to the current in the output loop of the switching power supply being too high), the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B outputs a high level.
When the output end of the operational amplifier U2B outputs a high level, the MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, and the voltage of the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is pulled down, that is, the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is controlled to be a low level; namely, the driving voltage of the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 can be pulled down, and the driving voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is adjusted. When the driving voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 is reduced, the resistance between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS transistor Q1 is increased, so that the current between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS transistor Q1 is reduced; that is, when the current of the output loop of the switching power supply is too large, the current of the output loop of the switching power supply is reduced, and the output current is clamped in a certain range, so that the power of the MOS transistor Q1 is stabilized in a certain range, and the constant power of the MOS transistor is realized.
This low level needs to satisfy: when the driving voltage of the MOS tube Q1 is at the low level, the MOS tube Q1 can not be switched off and is still in a conducting state, so that the overcurrent protection and the clamping output current of the switching power supply circuit can be effectively realized by utilizing the power limiting technology while the switching power supply output loop is not switched off, and the switching power supply circuit is more reliable and flexible in design.
In addition, in practical application, the reference voltage value can be set according to the output voltage of the switching power supply, and is not limited to 2.5V, the smaller the output voltage is, the smaller the reference voltage value can be set correspondingly, and the smaller the potential of the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 can be set; therefore, different output voltages can be realized, different drive voltages of the MOS tube Q1 are adjusted, so that clamping currents are different, namely the output currents can be clamped to different preset values, and generally, the lower the output voltage of the switching power supply is, the smaller the clamping currents are. In other words, the output clamping current can be adjusted according to the output voltage, and the maximum utilization rate and the reliability of the power MOS tube are effectively guaranteed.
The application can be applied to the input surge current suppression circuit at the same time.
All the technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features), and for the sake of brevity, all the possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described; such non-explicitly written embodiments should be considered as being within the scope of the present description.
The present application has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain embodiments and examples thereof. It should be understood that several conventional adaptations or further innovations of these specific embodiments may also be made based on the technical idea of the present application; however, such conventional modifications and further innovations may also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application as long as they do not depart from the technical idea of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply is characterized by comprising a main switching circuit and a signal processing circuit, wherein one end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with an input public ground end of the switching power supply, the other end of the main switching circuit is electrically connected with a current input negative electrode of the signal processing circuit, a current input positive electrode of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with an output negative electrode of the switching power supply, and a voltage acquisition end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the output negative electrode of the switching power supply; the output end of the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with the control end of the main switch circuit;
the signal processing circuit is used for acquiring a current signal and a voltage signal of the switching power supply, multiplying the acquired current signal and the acquired voltage signal, and reducing output voltage when the product of the current signal and the voltage signal is greater than reference voltage, wherein the output voltage is greater than the breakover voltage of the main switching circuit; the main switch circuit is used for increasing the resistance value when receiving the low level output by the signal processing circuit, so that the current of the switch power supply is reduced.
2. The overcurrent protection circuit of the switching power supply as set forth in claim 1, wherein the main switching circuit comprises a mosfet Q1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2; the grid electrode of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected with the input common ground end of the switch power supply through a resistor R2, the grid electrode of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is also electrically connected with the input anode and the output anode of the switch power supply through the resistor R1, and the source electrode of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is electrically connected with the input common ground end of the switch power supply; the low level is greater than the turn-on voltage of the MOSFET Q1.
3. The overcurrent protection circuit of the switching power supply as set forth in claim 2, wherein the signal processing circuit comprises a hall current sensor U1, an analog multiplier U3, an operational amplifier U2B, a mosfet Q2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4 and a capacitor C1; the current input negative electrode of the Hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q1, the current input positive electrode of the Hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected with the output negative electrode of the switching power supply, and the output end of the Hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected with the first X input end of the analog multiplier U3;
the first Y input end of the analog multiplier U3 is electrically connected to the output negative electrode of the switching power supply through a resistor R3, the first Y input end of the analog multiplier U3 is also electrically connected to the input common ground of the switching power supply through a resistor R4, and the output end of the analog multiplier U3 is electrically connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2B; the reverse input end of the operational amplifier U2B is connected with a reference voltage; the output end of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor Q2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2B is also electrically connected with the reverse input end of the operational amplifier U2B through a capacitor C1; the source of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected with the input common ground of the switching power supply, and the drain of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is electrically connected with the gate of the metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1.
4. The overcurrent protection circuit of the switching power supply according to claim 3, wherein a power supply voltage terminal of the hall current sensor U1 is connected to an external power supply voltage, and a ground terminal of the hall current sensor U1 is electrically connected to an input common ground terminal of the switching power supply;
the positive end and the negative end of the power supply voltage of the analog multiplier U3 are both connected with external power supply voltage, and other ports of the analog multiplier U3 are both electrically connected with the input common ground end;
and the positive end of the power supply voltage of the operational amplifier U2B is connected with an external power supply voltage, and the negative end of the power supply voltage of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected with the input public ground end.
5. The overcurrent protection circuit of the switching power supply as set forth in claim 3, wherein the hall current sensor is of type ACS758LCB-100B.
6. The overcurrent protection circuit of the switching power supply as set forth in claim 3, wherein the analog multiplier is AD835ARZ.
7. The overcurrent protection circuit of the switching power supply as set forth in claim 3, wherein the operational amplifier is of type LM2904.
8. The overcurrent protection circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is 2.5V.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222492481.5U CN218868102U (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Overcurrent protection circuit of switching power supply |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222492481.5U CN218868102U (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Overcurrent protection circuit of switching power supply |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN218868102U true CN218868102U (en) | 2023-04-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202222492481.5U Active CN218868102U (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Overcurrent protection circuit of switching power supply |
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- 2022-09-20 CN CN202222492481.5U patent/CN218868102U/en active Active
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